Stabilizing optical resonators
Techniques and devices that stabilize optical resonators.
Savchenkov, Anatoliy↗
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Results for “optical techniques”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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A Performance-Based Comparison of Deep-Space Navigation using Optical-Communication and Conventional Navigation Techniques: Small Body Missions
Optical communications may be used in future NASA deep-space missions, resulting in much higher data transfer rates. Those optical communication links could also be used for navigation purposes. The performance of deep-space navigation for an asteroid flyby mission using ground-based optical tracking and conventional navigation techniques was investigated in this work. We present the results of variety of asteroid flyby scenarios including low phase and high phase approach angle flybys, one slow flyby in a Trojan tour mission, and also one slow flyby in a Psyche mission. In this task, four different types of observables were simulated, namely ground-based radiometric, spacecraft on-board optical, ground-based optical tracking of spacecraft (astrometry and 2-way range magnitude), and ground-based asteroid astrometry. Different combinations of these four types of observables were compared with currently in-practice ground-based radiometric/on-board optical measurements. The results showed that the ground-based optical tracking is promising and could be a potential candidate for future deep-space navigation. Precise astrometry is not possible for active comets.
McCandless, Sara Elizabeth↗
A Performance-Based Comparison of Deep-Space Navigation using Optical-Communication and Conventional Navigation Techniques: Small Body Missions
Optical communications may be used in future NASA deep-space missions, resulting in much higher data transfer rates. Those optical communication links could also be used for navigation purposes. The performance of deep-space navigation for an asteroid flyby mission using ground-based optical tracking and conventional navigation techniques was investigated in this work. We present the results of variety of asteroid flyby scenarios including low phase and high phase approach angle flybys, one slow flyby in a Trojan tour mission, and also one slow flyby in a Psyche mission. In this task, four different types of observables were simulated, namely ground-based radiometric, spacecraft on-board optical, ground-based optical tracking of spacecraft (astrometry and 2-way range magnitude), and ground-based asteroid astrometry. Different combinations of these four types of observables were compared with currently in-practice ground-based radiometric/on-board optical measurements. The results showed that the ground-based optical tracking is promising and could be a potential candidate for future deep-space navigation. Precise astrometry is not possible for active comets.
McCandless, Sarah Elizabeth↗
Techniques for Solution- Assisted Optical Contacting
A document discusses a solution-assisted contacting technique for optical contacting. An optic of surface flatness Lambda/20 was successfully contacted with one of moderate surface quality, or Lambda/4. Optics used were both ultra-low expansion (ULE) glass (Lambda/4 and Lambda/20) and fused silica (Lambda/20). A stainless steel template of the intended interferometer layout was designed and constructed with three contact points per optic. The contact points were all on a common side of the template. The entire contacting jig was tilted at about 30 . Thus, when the isopropanol was applied, each optic slid due to gravity, resting on the contact points. All of the contacting was performed in a relatively dusty laboratory. A number of successful contacts were achieved where up to two or three visible pieces of dust could be seen. These were clearly visible due to refraction patterns between the optic and bench. On a number of optics, the final step of dropping isopropyl between the surfaces was repeated until a successful contact was achieved. The new procedures realized in this work represent a simplification for optical contacting in the laboratory. They will both save time and money spent during the contacting process, and research and development phases. The techniques outlined are suitable for laboratory experiments, research, and initial development stages.
DeVine, Glenn↗
Development of techniques for advanced optical contamination measurement with internal reflection spectroscopy, phase 1, volume 1
The feasibility of monitoring volatile contaminants in a large space simulation chamber using techniques of internal reflection spectroscopy was demonstrated analytically and experimentally. The infrared spectral region was selected as the operational spectral range in order to provide unique identification of the contaminants along with sufficient sensitivity to detect trace contaminant concentrations. It was determined theoretically that a monolayer of the contaminants could be detected and identified using optimized experimental procedures. This ability was verified experimentally. Procedures were developed to correct the attenuated total reflectance spectra for thick sample distortion. However, by using two different element designs the need for such correction can be avoided.
Hayes, J. D.↗
Using Bit Errors To Diagnose Fiber-Optic Links
Technique for diagnosis of fiber-optic digital communication link in local-area network of computers based on measurement of bit-error rates. Variable optical attenuator inserted in optical fiber to vary power of received signal. Bit-error rate depends on ratio of peak signal power to root-mean-square noise in receiver. For optimum measurements, one selects bit-error rate between 10 to negative 8th power and 10 to negative 4th power. Greater rates result in low accuracy in determination of signal-to-noise ratios, while lesser rates require impractically long measurement times.
Bergman, L. A.↗
Elemental and layer based analysis of optical properties: A new technique applied to four MAX-phases
Here we present here a novel technique to calculate partial contributions to the optical properties by atoms, elements, and layers. Following the same methodology as the calculation of the partial density of states from the density of states, we have decomposed the optical properties into the partial optical properties. Using this technique the differences of elemental resolved optical properties as well as layer-resolved optical properties are displayed for both the 211 and 312 phases of TiSiC and TiAlC MAX-phase materials.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Advanced flow-polishing and surface metrology of the SO56 X Ray Telescope
The surface finishing of X ray grazing incidence optics is a most demanding area of optical processing, both in terms of metrology and application of optical finishing techniques. An existing optical mirror was processed using a new removal technique that uses a jet of finely dispersed and extremely small particles that impact a surface, which under the correct conditions, produces an ultrasmooth surface, especially on aspheric curvatures. The surfaces of the SO56 mirror are tapered conical shapes that have a continuously changing radius with the primary mirror having a parabolic shape and the secondary mirror a hyperbolic shape. An optical ray trace that was conducted of a telescope used the measured parameters from the existing substrates to set up the prescription for the optical layout. The optimization indicated a wavefront performance of 0.10 A at 0.633 micron.
Source record↗
Metrology of X-ray optics utilizing shearing interferometric techniques
This paper will discuss the optical testing of extreme grazing incidence mirror systems and normal incidence high-precision mirror systems during fabrication processing of the optical substrates. The optical metrology is closely coupled with an advanced material removal process which will be discussed in terms of the optical metrology. Interferometric data will be presented of the optical surfaces. Surface roughness data will be shown and discussed.
Baker, Phillip C.↗
Modulated FT- Raman Fiber-Optic Spectroscopy: A technique for Remotely Monitoring High-Temperature Reactions in Real-Time
A modification to a commercial FT-Raman spectrometer is presented for the elimination of thermal backgrounds in FT-Raman spectra. The modification involves the use of a mechanical chopper to modulate the CW laser, remote collection of the signal via fiber optics, and connection of a dual-phase digital signal processor lock-in amplifier between the detector and the spectrometer's collection electronics to demodulate and filter the optical signals. The resulting modulated FT-Raman fiber-optic spectrometer is capable of completely eliminating thermal backgrounds at temperatures exceeding 370 C. In addition, the signal/noise of generated Raman spectra is greater than for spectra collected with the conventional FT-Raman under identical conditions and incident laser power. This is true for both room-temperature and hot samples. The method allows collection of data using preexisting spectrometer software. The total cost of the modification (excluding fiber optics) is approximately $3000 and requires less than 2 h to implement. This is the first report of Fr-Raman spectra collected at temperatures in excess of 300 C in the absence of thermal backgrounds.
Cooper, John B.↗
Spectrophotometry of comets at optical wavelengths
Techniques for spectrophotometry of comets are discussed, and results are reviewed for line and continuum spectrophotometry of comets at optical wavelengths. The techniques considered include photographic spectroscopy and spectrophotometry, photoelectric spectrophotometry, and methods based on the use of image dissector scanners, Fourier-transform instruments, and Fabry-Perot spectrometers. Results are summarized for the study of cometary emission features due to C2, CN, CH, OH, NH, C3, NH2, O, H, CO(plus), and H2O(plus). Relative abundances of various species in comets are examined, along with continuum spectrophotometry of the nuclei, comas, and tails of comets.
Ahearn, M. F.↗
Recent Progress in x3-Related Optical Process Experimental Technique. Raman Lasing
We describe theoretically and verify experimentally a simple technique for analyzing conversion efficiency and threshold of ail-resonant intracavity Raman lasers. The method is based on a dependence of the ring-down time of the pump cavity mode on the energy, accumulated in the cavity.
optical resonator↗
Progress of a Cross-Correlation Based Optical Strain Measurement Technique for Detecting Radial Growth on a Rotating Disk
The modern turbine engine operates in a harsh environment at high speeds and is repeatedly exposed to combined high mechanical and thermal loads. The cumulative effects of these external forces lead to high stresses and strains on the engine components, such as the rotating turbine disks, which may eventually lead to a catastrophic failure if left undetected. The operating environment makes it difficult to use conventional strain gauges, therefore, non-contact strain measurement techniques is of interest to NASA and the turbine engine community. This presentation describes one such approach; the use of cross correlation analysis to measure strain experienced by the engine turbine disk with the goal of assessing potential faults and damage.
cross-correlation↗
Development of techniques for advanced optical contamination measurement with internal reflection spectroscopy, phase 2, volume 2
Attenuated total reflectance spectra of individual contaminants in space simulation chambers are presented as well as spectra of mixtures and figures exhibiting the effects of film thickness on reflectance spectra. Detailed calibration spectra were made for three selected concentrations (film thickness) for two contaminants and for one concentration for all contaminants.
Hayes, J. D.↗
Optical wave measurement technique and experimental comparison with conventional wave height probes.
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Sturm, G. V.↗
Photographic film image enhancement
A series of experiments were undertaken to assess the feasibility of defogging color film by the techniques of optical spatial filtering. A coherent optical processor was built using red, blue, and green laser light input and specially designed Fourier transformation lenses. An array of spatial filters was fabricated on black and white emulsion slides using the coherent optical processor. The technique was first applied to laboratory white light fogged film, and the results were successful. However, when the same technique was applied to some original Apollo X radiation fogged color negatives, the results showed no similar restoration. Examples of each experiment are presented and possible reasons for the lack of restoration in the Apollo films are discussed.
Horner, J. L.↗
A technique for the optical analysis of deformed telescope mirrors
The NASTRAN-ACCOS V programs' interface merges structural and optical analysis capabilities in order to characterize the performance of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Solar Optical Telescope primary mirror, which has a large diameter/thickness ratio. The first step in the optical analysis is to use NASTRAN's FEM to model the primary mirror, simulating any distortions due to gravitation, thermal gradients, and coefficient of thermal expansion nonuniformities. NASTRAN outputs are then converted into an ACCOS V-acceptable form; ACCOS V generates the deformed optical surface on the basis of these inputs, and imaging qualities can be determined.
Bolton, John F.↗
Spectroscopic Analysis Of Insulating Crystal Fibers
New method provides rapid characterization of optical properties. Technique for determining optical properties of insulating single-crystal fibers developed and applied to sapphire, spinel, and YAIO crystalline host fibers doped with triply ionized titanium. Crystal fibers grown more rapidly and less expensively.
Buoncristiani, A. M.↗