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At least 541 records · Page 30
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Characterization of self-magnetic pinch radiographic diode performance on RITS-6 at Sandia National Laboratories. II. Coupling between the inductive voltage adder and the SMP load

The self-magnetic pinch (SMP) diode is a type of radiographic diode used to generate an intense electron beam for radiographic applications. At Sandia National Laboratories, SMP was the diode load for the six-cavity radiographic integrated test stand inductive voltage adder (IVA) driver operated in a magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL). The MITL contributes a flow current in addition to the current generated within the diode itself. Extensive experiments with a MITL of 40Ω load impedance [T. J. Renk et al., Phys. Plasmas 29, 023105 (2022)] indicate that the additional flow current leads to results similar to what might be expected from a conventional high-voltage interface driver, where flow current is not present. However, when the MITL flow impedance was increased to 80 Ω, qualitatively different diode behavior was observed. This includes large retrapping waves suggestive of an initial coupling to low impedance as well as diode current decreasing with time even as the total current does not. A key observation is that the driver generates total current (flow + diode) consistent with the flow impedance of the MITL used. The case is made in this paper that the 80Ω MITL experiments detailed here can only be understood when the IVA-MITL-SMP diode is considered as a total system. Additionally, the constraint of fixed total current plus the relatively high flow impedance limits the ability of the diode (whether SMP or other type) to act as an independent load. An unexpected new result is that in tracking the behavior of the electron strike angle on the converter as a function of time, we observed that the conventional cIV x “Radiographic” radiation scaling (where x~2.2) begins to break down for voltages above 8 MV, and cubic scaling is required to recover accurate angle tracking.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

High power ring methods and accelerator driven subcritical reactor application

High power proton accelerators allow providing, by spallation reaction, the neutron fluxes necessary in the synthesis of fissile material, starting from Uranium 238 or Thorium 232. This is the basis of the concept of sub-critical operation of a reactor, for energy production or nuclear waste transmutation, with the objective of achieving cleaner, safer and more efficient process than today’s technologies allow. Designing, building and operating a proton accelerator in the 500-1000 MeV energy range, CW regime, MW power class still remains a challenge nowadays. There is a limited number of installations at present achieving beam characteristics in that class, e.g., PSI in Villigen, 590 MeV CW beam from a cyclotron, SNS in Oakland, 1 GeV pulsed beam from a linear accelerator, in addition to projects as the ESS in Europe, a 5 MW beam from a linear accelerator. Furthermore, coupling an accelerator to a sub-critical nuclear reactor is a challenging proposition: some of the key issues/requirements are the design of a spallation target to withstand high power densities as well as ensure the safety of the installation. These two domains are the grounds of the PhD work: the focus is on the high power ring methods in the frame of the KURRI FFAG collaboration in Japan: upgrade of the installation towards high intensity is crucial to demonstrate the high beam power capability of FFAG. Thus, modeling of the beam dynamics and benchmarking of different codes was undertaken to validate the simulation results. Experimental results revealed some major losses that need to be understood and eventually overcome. By developing analytical models that account for the field defects, one identified major sources of imperfection in the design of scaling FFAG that explain the important tune variations resulting in the crossing of several betatron resonances. A new formula is derived to compute the tunes and properties established that characterize the effect of the field imperfections on the transverse beam dynamics. The results obtained allow to develop a correction scheme to minimize the tune variations of the FFAG. This is the cornerstone of a new fixed tune non-scaling FFAG that represents a potential candidate for high power applications. As part of the developments towards high power at the KURRI FFAG, beam dynamics studies have to account for space charge effects. In that framework, models have been installed in the tracking code ZGOUBI to account for the self-interaction of the particles in the accelerator. Application to the FFAG studies is shown. Finally, one focused on the ADSR concept as a candidate to solve the problem of nuclear waste. In order to establish the accelerator requirements, one compared the performance of ADSR with other conventional critical reactors by means of the levelized cost of energy. A general comparison between the different accelerator technologies that can satisfy these requirements is finally presented. In summary, the main drawback of the ADSR technology is the high Levelized Cost Of Energy compared to other advanced reactor concepts that do not employ an accelerator. Nowadays, this is a show-stopper for any industrial application aiming at producing energy (without dealing with the waste problem). Besides, the reactor is not intrinsically safer than critical reactor concepts, given the complexity of managing the target interface between the accelerator and the reactor core.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

New Generation Flask Sampling Technology Final Report

Scientists are turning their focus to the Arctic, site of one of the strongest climate change signals. A new generation of technologies is required to function within that harsh environment, chart evolution of its trace gases and provide new kinds of information for models of the atmosphere. Our response to the solicitation tracks how global atmospheric monitoring was launched more than a half century ago; namely, acquisition of discrete samples of air by flask and subsequent analysis in the laboratory. AOS is proposing to develop a new generation of flask sampling technology. It will enable the new Arctic programs to begin with objective high density sampling of the atmosphere by UAS. The Phase I program will build the prototype flask technology and show that it can acquire and store mol fractions of CH4 and CO2 and value of δ13C with good fidelity. A CAD model will be produced for the entire platform including a package with 100 flasks and the airframe with auto-pilot, electronic propulsion and ground-to-air communications. A mobile flask analysis station will be prototyped in Phase I and designed to final form in Phase II. It expends very small sample per analysis and will interface directly to the flask package integrated permanently into the UAS fuselage. Commercial Applications and Other Benefits: • The New Generation Flask Sampling Technology able to provide a hundred or more samples of air per UAS mission. • A mobile analysis station expending far less sample than the existing ones and small enough to be stationed at the remote sites of Arctic operations. • A new form of validation for continuous trace gas observations from all platforms including the small UAS. • Further demonstration to potential customers of the AOS capabilities to invent, build, deploy and exploit entire platforms for observations of Earth’s atmosphere and ocean. Key Words: Flask Sampler, Mobile Analysis Station, Trace Gas, CO2, CH4, δC13, UAS, Baseline Airborne Observatory, Arctic, Climate Change. Summary for Members of Congress: The air, land and sea of the Arctic combine to produce a large climate change signal. AOS is proposing to develop unmanned airborne technologies able to begin prompt, objective observations of the signal’s atmospheric component.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Parameterization of the Elevated Convection With a Unified Convection Scheme (UNICON) and Its Impacts on the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation

To improve the simulation of nocturnal precipitation, we develop a parameterization for the elevated convection that is launched from the level of maximum grid-mean moist static energy, when grid-mean vertical flow is upward at the launching interface. The parameterized elevated convection is forced by both cold pool-driven and partially resolved external mesoscale organized flows. Properties of the external mesoscale flow are estimated from grid-mean vertical velocity and three dimensional advection tendencies of temperature and moisture. The new parameterization is implemented into a unified convection scheme (UNICON) and tested for both the single-column case at the Southern Great Plain (SGP) site in US and in global simulations. At the SGP site, the parameterized elevated convection strengthens nocturnal convection, increases nocturnal precipitation, and better simulates the observed diurnal cycle of precipitation. It appears that the elevated and surface-based convections interact with each other by stabilizing the atmospheric column, which affects subsequent convection. Global simulation shows that the elevated convection mostly occurs over the continents during the night, and also over the oceanic mid-latitude warm air advection and storm track regions during summer. Without degrading global mean climate, the elevated convection improves the simulation of nocturnal precipitation in the mid-US but simulates somewhat strong nocturnal precipitation in northeastern Asia. It seems that a key to simulate observed nocturnal precipitation is to appropriately parameterize the impacts of external organized flow on the elevated convection.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

Integration of Thermoelectric Generator and Wireless Sensor Node Simulators

This report focuses on integrating TEG and WSN simulators with DC-DC converter as an interface. Here DC stands for direct current. DC-DC converter is essential to balance a wide range of analog, digital, and radio loads acting on the energy source. Also, the voltage level generated by TEGs under varying temperature conditions could be low, irregular, and insufficient to operate WSN, therefore DC-DC is required to boost up the voltage to a desired level. Most of the main problems of DC-DC converters used in TEG system are related to impedance matching between the internal resistance of TEG and the input resistance of DC-DC converter. This report would address the issue associated with dynamic impedance matching under varying temperature conditions in the effort to integrate TEG and WSN. In this effort, dynamic impedance matching algorithms like perturb and observe (P&O) and extremum seeking control (ESC) algorithms will de implemented and compared to achieve maximum peak power tracking (MPPT). In addition, the report will summarize the experimental study performed at BSU on profiling behavior of WSN prototype.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2019

Achieving a high open-circuit voltage in inverted wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells with a graded perovskite homojunction

Wide-bandgap (~1.7-1.8 eV) perovskite solar cells have attracted substantial research interest in recent years due to their great potential to fabricate efficient tandem solar cells via combining with a lower bandgap (1.1-1.3 eV) absorber (e.g., Si, copper indium gallium diselenide, or low-bandgap perovskite). However, wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells usually suffer from large open circuit voltage (V oc ) deficits caused by small grain sizes and photoinduced phase segregation. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to large grain sizes and passivated grain boundaries, controlling interface properties is critical for achieving high V oc 's in the inverted wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells. We adopt guanidinium bromide solution to tune the effective doping and electronic properties of the surface layer of perovskite thin films, leading to the formation of a graded perovskite homojunction. The enhanced electric field at the perovskite homojunction is revealed by Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. This advance enables an increase in the V oc of the inverted perovskite solar cells from an initial 1.12 V to 1.24 V. With the optimization of the device fabrication process, the champion inverted wide-bandgap cell delivers a power conversion efficiency of 18.19% and sustains more than 72% of its initial efficiency after continuous illumination for 70 h without encapsulation. Additionally, a semitransparent device with an indium tin oxide back contact retains more than 88% of its initial efficiency after 100 h maximum power point tracking.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Metagenomic and lipid analyses reveal a diel cycle in a hypersaline microbial ecosystem

Marine microbial communities experience daily fluctuations in light and temperature that can have important ramifications for carbon and nutrient cycling. Elucidation of such short time scale community-wide dynamics is hindered by system complexity. Hypersaline aquatic environments have lower species richness than marine environments and can be well-defined spatially, hence they provide a model system for diel cycle analysis. For this study, we conducted a 3-day time series experiment in a well-defined pool in hypersaline Lake Tyrrell, Australia. Microbial communities were tracked by combining cultivation-independent lipidomic, metagenomic and microscopy methods. The ratio of total bacterial to archaeal core lipids in the planktonic community increased by up to 58% during daylight hours and decreased by up to 32% overnight. However, total organism abundances remained relatively consistent over 3 days. Metagenomic analysis of the planktonic community composition, resolved at the genome level, showed dominance by Haloquadratum species and six uncultured members of the Halobacteriaceae . The post 0.8 μm filtrate contained six different nanohaloarchaeal types, three of which have not been identified previously, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy imaging confirmed the presence of small cells. Notably, these nano-sized archaea showed a strong diel cycle, with a pronounced increase in relative abundance over the night periods. We detected no eukaryotic algae or other photosynthetic primary producers, suggesting that carbon resources may derive from patchily distributed microbial mats at the sediment-water interface or from surrounding land. Results show the operation of a strong community-level diel cycle, probably driven by interconnected temperature, light abundance, dissolved oxygen concentration and nutrient flux effects.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

An Autonomous MCP Bridge to Rucio: Enhancing Data Management Accessibility for High Energy Physics

The Rucio Data Management System [1] is an important tool used by High Energy Physics experiments, including those at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, to store and manage exabyte-scale scientific datasets. Despite its central role in coordinating data across globally distributed storage sites, Rucio's command line interface (CLI) presents a steep learning curve, and makes it difficult for scientists to navigate through. To solve this issue, a containerized Model Context Protocol (MCP) [2] server was built that connects Large Language Models directly to Rucio, allowing AI agents to handle data tasks by using simple, natural language rather than memorized terminal commands. The core engineering focus of this project was moving the server away from slow terminal commands that require text parsing and replacing them with a native Python Client API toolset and a planned REST API framework. Moving to the Python API handles data operations directly in memory, which helps clear up formatting errors, provides the AI with clean, structured JSON data and speeds up tool execution. To prove that the system actually works, a benchmarking pipeline was also built with various questions to test the AI across four different model configurations. The questions included finding data scopes, tracking down specific datasets, and checking replication rules. Through benchmarking, early runs showed that with raw terminal text, the model would get confused and stuck, whereas switching to the Python API to feed the AI clean, structured data yielded massive improvement. By creating an intelligent and autonomous bridge to a storage network, this project shows how AI can be implemented in scientific data management, which ultimately helps scientists at Fermilab spend less time sorting through data and more time focusing on their experiments and analysis.

Akella, Kashyap [William Rainey Harper Coll.]↗
DOE OSTI2019

Uncertainty Propagation in Coupled Atmosphere–Wave–Ocean Prediction System: A Study of Hurricane Earl (2010)

This study focuses on understanding the evolution of Hurricane Earl (2010) with respect to random perturbations in the storm’s initial strength, size, and asymmetry in wind distribution. We rely on the Unified Wave Interface-Coupled Model (UWIN-CM), a fully coupled atmosphere–wave–ocean system to generate a storm realization ensemble, and use polynomial chaos (PC) expansions to build surrogate models for time evolution of both the maximum wind speed and minimum sea level pressure in Earl. The resulting PC surrogate models provide statistical insights on probability distributions of model responses throughout the simulation time span. Statistical analysis of rapid intensification (RI) suggests that initial perturbations having intensified and counterclockwise-rotated winds are more likely to undergo RI. In addition, for the range of initial conditions considered RI seems mostly sensitive to azimuthally averaged maximum wind speed and asymmetry orientation, rather than storm size and asymmetry magnitude; this is consistent with global sensitivity analysis of PC surrogate models. Finally, we combine initial condition perturbations with a stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme (SKEBS) forcing in the UWIN-CM simulations and conclude that the storm tracks are substantially influenced by the SKEBS forcing perturbations, whereas the perturbations in initial conditions alone had only limited impact on the storm-track forecast.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Three-dimensional Core-collapse Supernova Simulations with 160 Isotopic Species Evolved to Shock Breakout

We present three-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae using the FLASH code that follow the progression of the explosion to the stellar surface, starting from neutrino radiation hydrodynamic simulations of the neutrino-driven phase performed with the Chimera code. We consider a 9.6 M ⊙ zero-metallicity progenitor starting from both 2D and 3D Chimera models and a 10 M ⊙ solar-metallicity progenitor starting from a 2D Chimera model, all simulated until shock breakout in 3D while tracking 160 nuclear species. The relative velocity difference between the supernova shock and the metal-rich Rayleigh–Taylor (R-T) "bullets" determines how the metal-rich ejecta evolves as it propagates through the density profile of the progenitor and dictates the final morphology of the explosion. We find maximum 56 Ni velocities of ~1950 and ~1750 km s -1 at shock breakout from 2D and 3D 9.6 M ⊙ Chimera models, respectively, due to the bullets' ability to penetrate the He/H shell. When mapping from 2D, we find that the development of higher-velocity structures is suppressed when the 2D Chimera model and 3D FLASH model meshes are aligned. The development of faster-growing spherical-bubble structures, as opposed to the slower-growing toroidal structure imposed by axisymmetry, allows for interaction of the bullets with the shock and seeds further R-T instabilities at the He/H interface. We see similar effects in the 10 M ⊙ model, which achieves maximum 56 Ni velocities of ~2500 km s -1 at shock breakout.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

CORAL: A framework for rigorous self-validated data modeling and integrative, reproducible data analysis

Abstract Background Many organizations face challenges in managing and analyzing data, especially when relevant datasets arise from multiple sources and methods. Analyzing heterogeneous datasets and additional derived data requires rigorous tracking of their interrelationships and provenance. This task has long been a Grand Challenge of data science and has more recently been formalized in the FAIR principles: that all data objects be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable, both for machines and for people. Adherence to these principles is necessary for proper stewardship of information, for testing regulatory compliance, for measuring the efficiency of processes, and for facilitating reuse of data-analytical frameworks. Findings We present the Contextual Ontology-based Repository Analysis Library (CORAL), a platform that greatly facilitates adherence to all 4 of the FAIR principles, including the especially difficult challenge of making heterogeneous datasets Interoperable and Reusable across all parts of a large, long-lasting organization. To achieve this, CORAL's data model requires that data generators extensively document the context for all data, and our tools maintain that context throughout the entire analysis pipeline. CORAL also features a web interface for data generators to upload and explore data, as well as a Jupyter notebook interface for data analysts, both backed by a common API. Conclusions CORAL enables organizations to build FAIR data types on the fly as they are needed, avoiding the expense of bespoke data modeling. CORAL provides a uniquely powerful platform to enable integrative cross-dataset analyses, generating deeper insights than are possible using traditional analysis tools.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Spectral anomaly methods for aerial detection using KUT nuisance rejection

Aerial detection combines all the challenges of standoff detection with all the difficulties of mobile survey, including large and varying standoff distances and abrupt and significant changes in background. Critical issues for aerial detection include land-water interfaces, rapidly changing KUT backgrounds, and varying down scatter with altitude changes. To address these issues a spectral anomaly method has been adapted to aerial detection. The NSCRAD (Nuisance-Rejection Spectral Comparison Ratio) algorithm was initially developed at PNNL for medium resolution detectors. The algorithm has been used for a range of ground-based detection applications, including ground-based detection, portal monitoring, and OSI applications. The method used in NSCRAD includes both optimized energy windows for detection of threat sources and a nuisance rejection capability. Additionally, the spectral anomaly method was optimized in this work for aerial detection systems to increase the probability of detection of threat sources in aerial search while using the nuisance rejection capability to minimize false alarms from rapidly changing aerial background. The adaptation of NSCRAD for aerial detection includes re-optimization of energy windows, adapting KUT nuisance rejection for aerial backgrounds, development of new methods for background tracking and adjustment of tracking and detection thresholds.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2026

Depth-Resolved X-Ray Nanoimaging of Coherent and Incoherent Energy Transport in Silicon Carbide

Understanding lattice dynamics is crucial for optimizing the process of creating functional structures, such as laser writing of color-center defects. However, existing structural probes have difficulty measuring structural dynamics with submicrometer depth sensitivity. Here, in this study, a depth-resolved ultrafast X-ray nanodiffraction technique is developed to track the lattice dynamics of silicon carbide (SiC) in three dimensions. Upon laser excitation of an aluminum layer that acts as a heat and strain transducer, a specular Bragg peak of SiC shows an overall increase in the X-ray diffraction intensity rather than a peak shift. The relaxation dynamics of the increased intensity are significantly different when probed on and off the Bragg peak. The fast subnanosecond relaxation probed at the maximum of the Bragg peak is a result of the propagation of a coherent strain wave along the depth direction, while a slow relaxation probed at the wings of the Bragg peak reflects a localized incoherent lattice heating. To further visualize these processes, spatiotemporal maps were obtained by scanning the relative position and delay between the laser pump and X-ray probe beams, which capture the propagation of the strain wave, as well as a stationary structural distortion close to the aluminum/SiC interface. These depth-resolved structural measurements disentangle energy dissipation mechanisms in laser-excited SiC, and they open opportunities for finer control of, for example, the formation of optically addressable defect complexes central to quantum information applications.

X-ray nanodiffraction↗
DOE OSTI2023

Deliver Signal Phase and Timing (SPAT) for Energy Optimization of Vehicle Cohort Via Cloud-Computing and LTE Communications

Predictive Signal Phase and Timing (SPAT) message set is one fundamental building block for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) applications such as Eco-Approach and Departure (EAD) at traffic signal controlled urban intersections. Among the two complementary communication methods namely short-range sidelink (PC5) and long-range cellular radio link (Uu), this paper documents the work with long-range link: the complete data chain includes connecting to the traffic signals via existing backhaul communication network, collecting the raw signal phase state data, predicting the signal state changes and delivering the SPAT data via a geofenced service to requests over HTTP protocols. An Application Programming Interface (API) library is developed to support various cellular data transmission reduction and latency improvement techniques. An emulation-based algorithm is applied to predict the traffic signal state changes to provide adequate prediction horizon (e.g., at minimum 2 minutes) for the cohort energy optimization. In fact, the same connectivity and SPAT delivery methodology has been applied to traffic signalized intersections nationwide in the United States upon public agency approvals for access to their firewalled traffic control network and signal control systems or directly to individual controllers. This methodology proves its effectiveness and potential for rapid growth of such SPAT deliveries at mass production scale without needing infrastructure hardware retrofit or excessive communication means. To support the energy optimization of light and heavy-duty vehicle cohorts of mixed automation and propulsion systems (EV, ICE and hybrid), the connection and SPAT deliveries at two sites were completed, including public roads in Washtenaw County, Michigan and closed track test sites at American Center for Mobility (ACM) in Ypsilanti, Michigan. However, only closed test track results at ACM will be presented in this paper. A neuroevolution based optimizer is developed and implemented to control the speed of a vehicle cohort with different propulsion systems and automation levels. Closed track tests showed significant energy savings of the cohort operation.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2017

One network metric datastore to track them all: the OSG network metric service

The Open Science Grid (OSG) relies upon the network as a critical part of the distributed infrastructures it enables. In 2012, OSG added a new focus area in networking with a goal of becoming the primary source of network information for its members and collaborators. This includes gathering, organizing, and providing network metrics to guarantee effective network usage and prompt detection and resolution of any network issues, including connection failures, congestion, and traffic routing. In September of 2015, this service was deployed into the OSG production environment. We will report on the creation, implementation, testing, and deployment of the OSG Networking Service. Starting from organizing the deployment of perfSONAR toolkits within OSG and its partners, to the challenges of orchestrating regular testing between sites, to reliably gathering the resulting network metrics and making them available for users, virtual organizations, and higher level services, all aspects of implementation will be reviewed. In particular, several higher-level services were developed to bring the OSG network service to its full potential. These include a web-based mesh configuration system, which allows central scheduling and management of all the network tests performed by the instances; a set of probes to continually gather metrics from the remote instances and publish it to different sources; a central network datastore (esmond), which provides interfaces to access the network monitoring information in close to real time and historically (up to a year) giving the state of the tests; and a perfSONAR infrastructure monitor system, ensuring the current perfSONAR instances are correctly configured and operating as intended. We will also describe the challenges we encountered in ongoing operations of the network service and how we have evolved our procedures to address those challenges. Finally we will describe our plans for future extensions and improvements to the service.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Managing the interfaces for successful waste treatment operations at the river protection project - 15347

The Department of Energy (DOE) is constructing the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) at the Hanford site in Washington to treat and immobilize(vitrify) approximately 432 million liters (114 million gallons) of high level radioactive waste (after all single-shell retrievals are accomplished). The tank operating contractor (TOC) is charged with delivering feed, with preconditioning if required. Other Hanford contractors are charged with providing utilities and other services and waste disposal facilities. In all, four DOE contractors, two DOE offices along with DOE headquarters, and two Washington state regulators play essential roles in enabling successful treatment operations eliminate the radioactive and hazardous waste threats to the public and the environment. DOE has decided that the appropriate approach is to proceed with operations at the WTP's Low-Activity Waste (LAW) vitrification facility ahead of completing the WTP Pretreatment and High Level Waste (HLW) waste vitrification facilities, This paper outlines the approach that is being taken to ensure that all the functions, reviews, and approvals needed for radioactive operations are achieved to allow successful feed delivery, startup, and operations of the WTP in a direct feed to LAW mode. A massive effort is needed to be successful and a One System organization, jointly managed and staffed by WTP and TOC personnel is tasked with achieving the integration, coordination, tracking, and reporting necessary for the endeavor. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2018

Instrumentation and Control Selection for the 12 GeV Hall-B Magnets at Jefferson Lab

Here, as part of the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV accelerator upgrade, the Experimental Physics Hall B detector system requires two superconducting magnets – a Torus and a Solenoid. The specifications required maximum space for the detectors which led to the choice of conduction cooling for each magnet. The Torus consists of 6 trapezoidal 'race-track'-type coils connected in series with an operating current of 3770 A. The Solenoid is an actively shielded 5 Tesla magnet consisting of 5 coils connected in series operating at 2416 A. Within the hall the two magnets are located in close proximity to each other and are surrounded by particle detectors. We describe the philosophy behind the instrumentation selection and control design that accounts for this proximity and other challenging working conditions. We describe the choice of sensor technologies, as well as the control and data acquisition methods. The magnet power and cryogenic control sub-systems are implemented using Allen Bradley Control Logix 1756-L72 Programmable Logic Controllers. Sensor instrumentation read-backs are routed into the PLC via National Instruments cRIO hardware (Field Programmable Gate Arrays or FPGA/RT application) using Jefferson Lab designed FPGA-based multi-sensor-excitation-chassis. Configuration, monitoring, and alarm handlers for the magnet systems are provided via an Experimental Physics Instrumentation & Control System interface (EPICS). Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and the requirement to monitor critical parameters during operation guided the selection of instrumentation and associated hardware. The design of the quench protection and voltage tap sub-systems was driven by the anticipated level of voltages developed during a magnet quench. The primary hard-wired quench detection and protection sub-system together with the secondary PLC-based protection sub-system is also discussed. The successful commissioning and subsequent performance of these magnets demonstrates the robustness of the design and implementation approach that was adopted by the Jefferson Lab team and serves as an excellent 'How To' guide for future projects of this size and complexity.

12 GeV↗