Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “high loading”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2013

Applying a Stitched, Rod-Stiffened Concept to Heavily Loaded Structure

NASA and the Boeing Company have worked to develop new low-cost, light-weight composite structures for aircraft. A stitched carbon-epoxy material system was developed to reduce the weight and cost of transport aircraft wing structure, first in the NASA Advanced Composites Technology (ACT) program in the 1990's and now in the Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Project. By stitching through the thickness of a dry carbon fiber material prior to cure, the labor associated with panel fabrication and assembly can be significantly reduced and the need for mechanical fasteners is almost eliminated. Stitching provides the benefit of reducing or eliminating delaminations, including those between stiffener flanges and skin. Stitching also reduces part count, and therefore, cost of the structure. The stitched panel concept used in the ACT program in the 1990's used simple blade-stiffeners as stringers, caps and clips. Today, the Pultruded Rod Stitched Efficient Unitized Structure (PRSEUS) concept is being developed for application to advanced vehicle configurations. PRSEUS provides additional weight savings through the use of a stiffener with a thin web and a unidirectional carbon rod at the top of the web which provides structurally efficient stiffening. A comparison between the blade-stiffened structure and PRSEUS is presented focusing on highly loaded structure and demonstrating improved weight reduction.

Jegley, Dawn C.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Simultaneous attenuation of trace organics and change in organic matter composition in the hyporheic zone of urban streams

Trace organic compounds (TrOCs) enter rivers with discharge of treated wastewater. These effluents can contain high loads of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In a 48 h field study, we investigated changes in molecular composition of seven DOM compound classes (FTICR-MS) and attenuation of 17 polar TrOCs in a small urban stream receiving treated wastewater. Correlations between TrOCs and DOM were used to identify simultaneous changes in surface water and the hyporheic zone. Changes in TrOC concentrations in surface water ranged between a decrease of 29.2% for methylbenzotriazole and an increase of 152.2% for the transformation product gabapentin-lactam. In the hyporheic zone, only decreasing TrOC concentrations were observed, ranging from 4.9% for primidone to 93.8% for venlafaxine . TrOC attenuation coincided with a decline of molecular diversity of easily biodegradable DOM compound classes while molecular diversity of poorly biodegradable DOM compound classes increased. This concurrence indicates similar or linked attenuation pathways for biodegradable DOM and TrOCs. Strong correlations between TrOCs and DOM compound classes as well as high attenuation of TrOCs primarily occurred in the hyporheic zone. This suggests high potential for DOM turnover and TrOC mitigation in rivers if hyporheic exchange is sufficient.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1981

Pull-out fibers from composite materials at high rate of loading

Numerical and experimental results are presented on the pullout phenomenon in composite materials at a high rate of loading. The finite element method was used, taking into account the existence of a virtual shear deformation layer as the interface between fiber and matrix. Experimental results agree well with those obtained by the finite element method. Numerical results show that the interlaminar shear stress is time dependent, in addition, it is shown to depend on the applied load time history. Under step pulse loading, the interlaminar shear stress fluctuates, finally decaying to its value under static loading.

Amijima, S.↗
NASA NTRS1992

A new animal model for modulating myosin isoform expression by altered mechanical activity

The purpose of this study was to develop a new rodent model that is capable of delineating the importance of mechanical loading on myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression of the plantar and dorsi flexor muscles of the ankle. The essential components of this system include 1) stimulating electrodes that are chronically implanted into a muscle, allowing for the control of the activation pattern of the target muscle(s); 2) a training apparatus that translates the moment of the ankle into a linear force; and 3) a computer-controlled Cambridge 310 ergometer. The isovelocity profile of the ergometer ensured that the medial gastrocnemius (MG) produced forces that were > 90% of maximal isometric force (Po), and the eccentric contractions of the tibialis anterior (TA) were typically 120% of Po. Both the concentric and eccentric training programs produced statistically significant increases in the muscle mass of the MG (approximately 15%) and TA (approximately 7%) as well as a decrease in myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase activity. Both the white and red regions of the MG and TA exhibited significant increases in the relative content of the type IIa MHC and concomitant decreases in type IIb MHC expression. Although the red regions of the MG and red TA contained approximately 10% type I MHC, the training programs did not affect this isoform. It appears that when a fast-twitch muscle is stimulated at a high frequency (100 Hz) and required to contract either concentrically or eccentrically under high loading conditions, the expression of the type IIa MHC isoform will be upregulated, whereas that of the type IIb MHC will be concomitantly downregulated.

NASA Discipline Musculoskeletal↗
NASA NTRS2004

Glow Discharge Plasma Demonstrated for Separation Control in the Low-Pressure Turbine

Flow separation in the low-pressure turbine (LPT) is a major barrier that limits further improvements of aerodynamic designs of turbine airfoils. The separation is responsible for performance degradation, and it prevents the design of highly loaded airfoils. The separation can be delayed, reduced, or eliminated completely if flow control techniques are used. Successful flow control technology will enable breakthrough improvements in gas turbine performance and design. The focus of this research project was the development and experimental demonstration of active separation control using glow discharge plasma (GDP) actuators in flow conditions simulating the LPT. The separation delay was shown to be successful, laying the foundation for further development of the technologies to practical application in the LPT. In a fluid mechanics context, the term "flow control" means a technology by which a very small input results in a very large effect on the flow. In this project, the interest is to eliminate or delay flow separation on LPT airfoils by using an active flow control approach, in which disturbances are dynamically inserted into the flow, they interact with the flow, and they delay separation. The disturbances can be inserted using a localized, externally powered, actuating device, examples are acoustic, pneumatic, or mechanical devices that generate vibrations, flow oscillations, or pulses. A variety of flow control devices have been demonstrated in recent years in the context of the external aerodynamics of aircraft wings and airframes, where the incoming flow is quiescent or of a very low turbulence level. However, the flow conditions in the LPT are significantly different because there are high levels of disturbances in the incoming flow that are characterized by high free-stream turbulence intensity. In addition, the Reynolds number, which characterizes the viscous forces in the flow and is related to the flow speed, is very low in the LPT passages.

Ashpis, David e.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Design and Development of a Model to Simulate 0-G Treadmill Running Using the European Space Agency's Subject Loading System

Develop a model that simulates a human running in 0 G using the European Space Agency s (ESA) Subject Loading System (SLS). The model provides ground reaction forces (GRF) based on speed and pull-down forces (PDF). DESIGN The theoretical basis for the Running Model was based on a simple spring-mass model. The dynamic properties of the spring-mass model express theoretical vertical GRF (GRFv) and shear GRF in the posterior-anterior direction (GRFsh) during running gait. ADAMs VIEW software was used to build the model, which has a pelvis, thigh segment, shank segment, and a spring foot (see Figure 1).the model s movement simulates the joint kinematics of a human running at Earth gravity with the aim of generating GRF data. DEVELOPMENT & VERIFICATION ESA provided parabolic flight data of subjects running while using the SLS, for further characterization of the model s GRF. Peak GRF data were fit to a linear regression line dependent on PDF and speed. Interpolation and extrapolation of the regression equation provided a theoretical data matrix, which is used to drive the model s motion equations. Verification of the model was conducted by running the model at 4 different speeds, with each speed accounting for 3 different PDF. The model s GRF data fell within a 1-standard-deviation boundary derived from the empirical ESA data. CONCLUSION The Running Model aids in conducting various simulations (potential scenarios include a fatigued runner or a powerful runner generating high loads at a fast cadence) to determine limitations for the T2 vibration isolation system (VIS) aboard the International Space Station. This model can predict how running with the ESA SLS affects the T2 VIS and may be used for other exercise analyses in the future.

Caldwell, E. C.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Improved Processing Techniques for Inclusion-Free Steel for Bearing and Mechanical Component Applications

High hardness, high carbide powder metallurgy tools steels such as M62 enable the operation of ball bearings at extremely high load and stress levels. Operation under such conditions increases the potential for rolling contact fatigue failure attributed to ceramic particle inclusions. To address this challenge, industry has sought steel made from ever increasing levels of cleanliness but the results have been uneven owing to the random nature of the occurrence of material flaws. One common approach is to rely upon careful ingot inspections prior to bearing manufacture. By selecting the cleanest portion of an ingot, it is expected that bearings relatively free from material flaws will result. This approach is not always successful because detrimental flaws that exist deep within an ingot can pass inspection undetected potentially causing subsequent failure. Recent efforts to commercialize an intermetallic material, 60NiTi, for rolling element bearings demonstrates a pathway to produce bearing steel that is free from unwanted ceramic particle inclusions. In this paper, the process used to make bearing grade ceramic-free NiTi alloys is described and applied to steelmaking. At its core, the NiTi process differs from steel making in one key aspect. NiTi alloys are made from elementally pure starting materials that are melted, blended and processed in equipment absolutely free from exposure to oxygen and ceramics ensuring a ceramic particle-free product. In contrast, the predominant method to make bearing steel is to employ a successive series of purification steps to reduce contamination levels below required thresholds. This paper describes the processes developed and applied to high carbide tool steel, M62. The resulting material and microstructures are evaluated and compared to M62 prepared by conventional powder metallurgy techniques. It is hoped that the application of materials manufacturing techniques used for fracture sensitive ceramics and intermetallic materials like NiTi can provide a pathway to Ultra-Clean, Ceramic-Inclusion free steels for rolling element bearings and other failure critical applications.

Steel↗
NASA NTRS2002

Conceptual Design of a Supersonic Business Jet Propulsion System

NASA's Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology Program (UEETP) is developing a suite of technology to enhance the performance of future aircraft propulsion systems. Areas of focus for this suite of technology include: Highly Loaded Turbomachinery, Emissions Reduction, Materials and Structures, Controls, and Propulsion-Airframe Integration. The two major goals of the UEETP are emissions reduction of both landing and take-off nitrogen oxides (LTO-NO(x)) and mission carbon dioxide (CO2) through fuel burn reductions. The specific goals include a 70 percent reduction in the current LTO-NO(x) rule and an 8 percent reduction in mission CO2 emissions. In order to gain insight into the potential applications and benefits of these technologies on future aircraft, a set of representative flight vehicles was selected for systems level conceptual studies. The Supersonic Business Jet (SBJ) is one of these vehicles. The particular SBJ considered in this study has a capacity of 6 passengers, cruise Mach Number of 2.0, and a range of 4,000 nautical miles. Without the current existence of an SBJ the study of this vehicle requires a two-phased approach. Initially, a hypothetical baseline SBJ is designed which utilizes only current state of the art technology. Finally, an advanced SBJ propulsion system is designed and optimized which incorporates the advanced technologies under development within the UEETP. System benefits are then evaluated and compared to the program and design requirements. Although the program goals are only concerned with LTO-NO(x) and CO2 emissions, it is acknowledged that additional concerns for an SBJ include take-off noise, overland supersonic flight, and cruise NO(x) emissions at high altitudes. Propulsion system trade-offs in the conceptual design phase acknowledge these issues as well as the program goals. With the inclusion of UEETP technologies a propulsion system is designed which performs at 81% below the LTO-NO(x) rule, and reduces fuel burn by 23 percent compared to the current technology.

Bruckner, Robert J.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Automation-Accelerated Electrolyte Design Mitigates Solubility Competition between Redox-Active Molecules and Supporting Salts

In nonaqueous redox-flow batteries (NRFBs), redox-active organic molecules (ROMs) and supporting salts compete for solvation sites, limiting achievable energy density. We combine automated high-throughput experimentation (HTE) with camera-based saturation monitoring and quantitative NMR to measure paired (ROM, salt) solubilities across single and mixed organic solvents. Using 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTZ) with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as a model system, we find that a binary m-xylene/acetonitrile mixture dissolves ≈3 M of both BTZ and LiTFSI─surpassing the previously reported 2 M ceiling for neat acetonitrile─by leveraging complementary solvation (MX is BTZ-philic and salt-phobic; ACN stabilizes LiTFSI). A random-forest model (RMSE ≈ 0.24) trained on solvent descriptors highlights log P and salt concentration as dominant predictors and predicts MX/ACN ≈0.3/0.7 (v/v) to be near-optimal. These formulations retain practical viscosity and ∼5 mS·cm –1 conductivity at high loading. In conclusion, the workflow provides a reproducible, data-centric route to NRFB electrolyte design and motivates an open, standardized dual-solute solubility resource for accelerated electrolyte discovery.

Electrolytes↗
NASA NTRS2002

Aeroelastic Calculations of Quiet High- Speed Fan Performed

An advanced high-speed fan was recently designed under a cooperative effort between the NASA Glenn Research Center and Honeywell Engines & Systems. The principal design goals were to improve performance and to reduce fan noise at takeoff. Scale models of the Quiet High-Speed Fan were tested for operability, performance, and acoustics. During testing, the fan showed significantly improved noise characteristics, but a self-excited aeroelastic vibration known as flutter was encountered in the operating range. Flutter calculations were carried out for the Quiet High-Speed Fan using a three-dimensional, unsteady aerodynamic, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbomachinery code named "TURBO." The TURBO code can accurately model the viscous flow effects that can play an important role in various aeroelastic problems such as flutter with flow separation, flutter at high loading conditions near the stall line (stall flutter), and flutter in the presence of shock and boundary-layer interaction. Initially, calculations were performed with no blade vibrations. These calculations were at a constant rotational speed and a varying mass flow rate. The mass flow rate was varied by changing the backpressure at the exit boundary of the computational domain. These initial steady calculations were followed by aeroelastic calculations in which the blades were prescribed to vibrate harmonically in a natural mode, at a natural frequency, and with a fixed interblade phase angle between adjacent blades. The AE-prep preprocessor was used to interpolate the in-vacuum mode shapes from the structural dynamics mesh onto the computational fluid dynamics mesh and to smoothly propagate the grid deformations from the blade surface to the interior points of the grid. The aeroelastic calculations provided the unsteady aerodynamic forces on the blade surface due to blade vibrations. These forces were vector multiplied with the structural dynamic mode shape to calculate the work done on the blade during one vibration period, then this result was converted to an aerodynamic damping. Flutter occurs when the aerodynamic damping becomes negative, if structural damping is ignored. The results of these aeroelastic calculations are summarized in this plot of aerodynamic damping versus mass flow rate at a constant rotational speed. As the backpressure is increased, the mass flow rate through the fan decreases and the fan operating point moves towards the stall line. The aeroelastic calculations showed that the aerodynamic damping decreases as the stall line is approached, as observed during testing. In addition, the aeroelastic calculations with the TURBO code correctly predicted the aeroelastic parameters: the most unstable vibration mode and interblade phase angle, as observed during testing. The Quiet High-Speed Fan demonstrated significant noise reductions during testing, but flutter imposed limits on its operating range. The accurate calculation of the aeroelastic characteristics using the TURBO code is a significant step toward eliminating flutter from the operating range and toward realizing the benefits of reduced fan noise. The aeroelastic calculations described here were performed under a grant by University of Toledo researchers in collaboration with Glenn's researchers.

Bakhle, Milind A.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Boundary-Layer Separation Control under Low-Pressure Turbine Airfoil Conditions using Glow-Discharge Plasma Actuators

Modem low-pressure turbines, in general, utilize highly loaded airfoils in an effort to improve efficiency and to lower the number of airfoils needed. Typically, the airfoil boundary layers are turbulent and fully attached at takeoff conditions, whereas a substantial fraction of the boundary layers on the airfoils may be transitional at cruise conditions due to the change of density with altitude. The strong adverse pressure gradients on the suction side of these airfoils can lead to boundary-layer separation at the latter low Reynolds number conditions. Large separation bubbles, particularly those which fail to reattach, cause a significant degradation of engine efficiency. A component efficiency drop of the order 2% may occur between takeoff and cruise conditions for large commercial transport engines and could be as large as 7% for smaller engines at higher altitude. An efficient means of of separation elimination/reduction is, therefore, crucial to improved turbine design. Because the large change in the Reynolds number from takeoff to cruise leads to a distinct change in the airfoil flow physics, a separation control strategy intended for cruise conditions will need to be carefully constructed so as to incur minimum impact/penalty at takeoff. A complicating factor, but also a potential advantage in the quest for an efficient strategy, is the intricate interplay between separation and transition for the situation at hand. Volino gives a comprehensive discussion of several recent studies on transition and separation under low-pressure-turbine conditions, among them one in the present facility. Transition may begin before or after separation, depending on the Reynolds number and other flow conditions. If the transition occurs early in the boundary layer then separation may be reduced or completely eliminated. Transition in the shear layer of a separation bubble can lead to rapid reattachment. This suggests using control mechanisms to trigger and enhance early transition. Gad-el-Hak provides a review of various techniques for flow control in general and Volino discusses recent studies on separation control under low-pressure-turbine conditions utilizing passive as well as active devices. As pointed out by Volino, passive devices optimized for separation control at low Reynolds numbers tend to increase losses at high Reynolds numbers, Active devices have the attractive feature that they can be utilized only in operational regimes where they are needed and when turned off would not affect the flow. The focus in the present paper is an experimental Separation is induced on a flat plate installed in a closed-circuit wind tunnel by a shaped insert on the opposite wall. The flow conditions represent flow over the suction surface of a modem low-pressure-turbine airfoil ('Pak-B'). The Reynolds number, based on wetted plate length and nominal exit velocity, is varied from 50,000 to 300,000, covering cruise to takeoff conditions. Low (0.2%) and high (2.5%) Gee-stream turbulence intensities are set using passive grids. A spanwise-oriented phased-plasma-array actuator, fabricated on a printed circuit board, is surface- flush-mounted upstream of the separation point and can provide forcing in a wide frequency range. Static surface pressure measurements and hot-wire anemometry of the base and controlled flows are performed and indicate that the glow-discharge plasma actuator is an effective device for separation control. of active separation control using glow discharge plasma actuators.

Hultgren, Lennart S.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Underpotential Deposition of 3D Transition Metals: Versatile Electrosynthesis of Single-Atom Catalysts on Oxidized Carbon Supports

Use of single-atom catalysts (SACs) has become a popular strategy for tuning activity and selectivity toward specific pathways. However, conventional SAC synthesis methods require high temperatures and pressures, complicated procedures, and expensive equipment. Recently, underpotential deposition (UPD) has been investigated as a promising alternative, yielding high-loading SAC electrodes under ambient conditions and within minutes. Yet only few studies have employed UPD to synthesize SACs, and all have been limited to UPD of Cu. In this work, a flexible UPD approach for synthesis of mono- and bi-metallic Cu, Fe, Co, and Ni SACs directly on oxidized, commercially available carbon electrodes is reported. The UPD mechanism is investigated using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and, finally, the catalytic performance of a UPD-synthesized Co SAC is assessed for electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia. In conclusion, the findings expand upon the usefulness and versatility of UPD for SAC synthesis, with hopes of enabling future research toward realization of fast, reliable, and fully electrified SAC synthesis processes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Carbon Fiber and Syntactic Foam Hybrid Materials via Core–Shell Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing

Abstract Biological materials often employ hybrid architectures, such as the core–shell (C–S) motif present in porcupine quills and plant stems, to achieve unique specific properties and performance. Drawing inspiration from these natural materials, a new method to fabricate lightweight and stiff C–S architected filaments is reported. Specifically, a C–S printhead conducive to printing highly loaded fiber‐filled inks, as well as a new low‐density syntactic foam ink, are utilized to 3D‐print C–S architectures consisting of a syntactic epoxy foam core surrounded by a stiff carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite shell. Effective printing of test specimens and structures with controlled geometry, composition, and architecture is demonstrated. The new foam ink exhibits density as low as 0.68 g cm −3 and C–S structures exhibit up to 25% higher specific flexural stiffness ( E 1/3 /ρ) than either constituent alone. Finally, a new mechanical model is presented to predict this performance improvement while accounting for potential eccentricity of the core.

Pack, Robert C.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Salt‐in‐Salt Reinforced Carbonate Electrolyte for Li Metal Batteries

Abstract The instability of carbonate electrolyte with metallic Li greatly limits its application in high‐voltage Li metal batteries. Here, a “salt‐in‐salt” strategy is applied to boost the LiNO 3 solubility in the carbonate electrolyte with Mg(TFSI) 2 carrier, which enables the inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for excellent Li metal anode performance and also maintains the cathode stability. In the designed electrolyte, both NO 3 − and PF 6 − anions participate in the Li + ‐solvent complexes, thus promoting the formation of inorganic‐rich SEI. Our designed electrolyte has achieved a superior Li CE of 99.7 %, enabling the high‐loading NCM811||Li (4.5 mAh cm −2 ) full cell with N/P ratio of 1.92 to achieve 84.6 % capacity retention after 200 cycles. The enhancement of LiNO 3 solubility by divalent salts is universal, which will also inspire the electrolyte design for other metal batteries.

Liu, Sufu↗
DOE OSTI2025

Cleavable Strand‐Fusing Cross‐Linkers as Additives for Chemically Deconstructable Thermosets with Preserved Thermomechanical Properties

Abstract Permanently cross‐linked polymer networks—thermosets—are often difficult to chemically deconstruct. The installation of cleavable bonds into the strands of thermosets using cleavable comonomers as additives can facilitate thermoset deconstruction without replacement of permanent cross‐links, but such monomers can lead to reduced thermomechanical properties and require high loadings to function effectively, motivating the design of new and optimal cleavable additives. Here, we introduce “strand‐fusing cross‐linkers” (SFCs), which fuse two network strands via a four‐way cleavable cross‐link. SFCs enable deconstruction of model polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) thermosets with as little as one‐fifth of the molar loading needed to achieve deconstruction using traditional cleavable comonomers. SFCs function under traditional oven curing as well as low‐energy frontal ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) conditions and lead to improved thermomechanical properties, for example, glass transition temperatures, compared to prior cleavable comonomer designs. This work motivates the development of increasingly improved cleavable additives to enable thermoset deconstruction without compromising material performance.

Zhang, Shuyi [Department of Chemistry Massachusett↗
DOE OSTI2022

Salt‐in‐Salt Reinforced Carbonate Electrolyte for Li Metal Batteries

Abstract The instability of carbonate electrolyte with metallic Li greatly limits its application in high‐voltage Li metal batteries. Here, a “salt‐in‐salt” strategy is applied to boost the LiNO 3 solubility in the carbonate electrolyte with Mg(TFSI) 2 carrier, which enables the inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for excellent Li metal anode performance and also maintains the cathode stability. In the designed electrolyte, both NO 3 − and PF 6 − anions participate in the Li + ‐solvent complexes, thus promoting the formation of inorganic‐rich SEI. Our designed electrolyte has achieved a superior Li CE of 99.7 %, enabling the high‐loading NCM811||Li (4.5 mAh cm −2 ) full cell with N/P ratio of 1.92 to achieve 84.6 % capacity retention after 200 cycles. The enhancement of LiNO 3 solubility by divalent salts is universal, which will also inspire the electrolyte design for other metal batteries.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Cleavable Strand‐Fusing Cross‐Linkers as Additives for Chemically Deconstructable Thermosets with Preserved Thermomechanical Properties

Abstract Permanently cross‐linked polymer networks—thermosets—are often difficult to chemically deconstruct. The installation of cleavable bonds into the strands of thermosets using cleavable comonomers as additives can facilitate thermoset deconstruction without replacement of permanent cross‐links, but such monomers can lead to reduced thermomechanical properties and require high loadings to function effectively, motivating the design of new and optimal cleavable additives. Here, we introduce “strand‐fusing cross‐linkers” (SFCs), which fuse two network strands via a four‐way cleavable cross‐link. SFCs enable deconstruction of model polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) thermosets with as little as one‐fifth of the molar loading needed to achieve deconstruction using traditional cleavable comonomers. SFCs function under traditional oven curing as well as low‐energy frontal ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) conditions and lead to improved thermomechanical properties, for example, glass transition temperatures, compared to prior cleavable comonomer designs. This work motivates the development of increasingly improved cleavable additives to enable thermoset deconstruction without compromising material performance.

Zhang, Shuyi [Department of Chemistry Massachusett↗