Recent advancements in information extraction methodology and hardware for Earth Resources Survey Systems
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Thomson, F. J.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Extracting land use information from the earth resources technology satellite data by conventional interpretation methods
A procedure for obtaining land use data from satellite imagery by the use of conventional interpretation methods is presented. The satellite is described briefly, and the advantages of various scales and multispectral scanner bands are discussed. Methods for obtaining satellite imagery and the sources of this imagery are given. Equipment used in the study is described, and samples of land use maps derived from satellite imagery are included together with the land use classification system used. Accuracy percentages are cited and are compared to those of a previous experiment using small scale aerial photography.
Vegas, P. L.↗
Digital methods of extracting spectral characteristics in a transient signal
The use of algorithms for digital spectral analysis to study transient random signals of the X(t) = A(t) x N(t) type is discussed.
Maslov, V. K.↗
Three-dimensional evaluation of energy extraction in output cavities of klystron amplifiers
Description of an accurate three-dimensional mathematical model and computer program for calculating electronic interaction, electron trajectories, beam interception, and efficiency in the output cavity of a klystron amplifier. The highest computed efficiency for an optimally bunched beam was 80.3% with 6% ideal interception. Efficiency is shown to increase initially with interception.
Kosmahl, H. G.↗
The simultaneous quantitation of ten amino acids in soil extracts by mass fragmentography
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Pereira, W. E.↗
Extraction and utilization of space acquired physiographic data for water resources development
ERTS-1 satellite imagery was evaluated as a means of providing useful watershed physiography information. From these data physiographic parameters such as drainage basin area and shape, drainage density, stream length and sinuosity, and the percentage of a watershed occupied by major land use types were obtained in three study areas. The study areas were: (1) Southwestern Wisconsin; (2) Eastern Colorado, and (3) portions of the Middle Atlantic States. Using ERTS-1 imagery at 1:250,000 and 1:100,000 scales it was found that drainage basin area and shape and stream sinuosity were comparable (within 10%) in all study areas to physiographic measurements derived from conventional topographic maps at the same scales.
Rango, A.↗
Automatic data extraction of earth resources information from Skylab imagery of S.E. Spain
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
Vangenderen, J. L.↗
Image enhancement and advanced information extraction techniques for ERTS-1 data
The author has identified the following significant results. It was demonstrated and concluded that: (1) the atmosphere has significant effects on ERTS MSS data which can seriously degrade recognition performance; (2) the application of selected signature extension techniques serve to reduce the deleterious effects of both the atmosphere and changing ground conditions on recognition performance; and (3) a proportion estimation algorithm for overcoming problems in acreage estimation accuracy resulting from the coarse spatial resolution of the ERTS MSS, was able to significantly improve acreage estimation accuracy over that achievable by conventional techniques, especially for high contrast targets such as lakes and ponds.
Malila, W. A.↗
Optimal linear and nonlinear feature extraction based on the minimization of the increased risk of misclassification
General classes of nonlinear and linear transformations were investigated for the reduction of the dimensionality of the classification (feature) space so that, for a prescribed dimension m of this space, the increase of the misclassification risk is minimized.
Defigueiredo, R. J. P.↗
Integration time required to extract accurate static and dynamic data from transonic wind-tunnel tests
Because the forces and pressures on wind-tunnel models tested at transonic speeds are not steady, even for 'static' aerodynamic tests, integration time is required to obtain data of acceptable accuracy. The integration time required for both static and dynamic tests is evaluated analytically and confirmed by experimental measurements. It is shown that, for static and dynamic tests, the accuracy obtained is a function of integration time, frequency content of the signal, and the ratio of the dynamic amplitude to the full signal of interest. In addition, for the dynamic case, the frequency band width used in analysis is important. Results of this study indicate that, for typical data accuracy desired from models in a large transonic wind tunnel (11- by 11-ft), up to the following integration times are required: static force and moment tests, 0.5 sec; static pressure tests, 0.1 sec; flutter tests, 30 to 60 sec; and random-dynamic tests, 10 sec.
Muhlstein, L., Jr.↗
A simple method to extract information on anisotropy of particle fluxes from spin-modulated counting rates of cosmic ray telescopes
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Hsieh, K. C.↗
Extracting and desalting amino acids from soils and sediments Evaluation of methods
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Cheng, C.-N.↗
Extracting lignins from mill wastes
Addition of quaternary ammonium compound and activated charcoal to pulp and mill wastes precipitates lignins in sludge mixture. Methanol dissolves lignins for separation from resulting slurry. Mineral acid reprecipitates lignins in filtered solution. Quaternary ammonium compound, activated charcoal, as well as water may be recovered and recycled from this process.
Humphrey, M. F.↗
Extraction of urea and ammonium ion
Water purification system keeps urea and ammonium ion concentration below toxic limits in recirculated water of closed loop aquatic habitat. Urea is first converted to ammonium ions and carbon dioxide by enzygmatic action. Ammonium ions are removed by ion exchange. Bioburden is controlled by filtration through 0.45 micron millipore filters.
Anselmi, R. T.↗
Classification of multispectral image data by extraction and classification of homogeneous objects
A method of classification of digitized multispectral image data is described. It is designed to exploit a particular type of dependence between adjacent states of nature that is characteristic of the data. The advantages of this, as opposed to the conventional per point approach, are greater accuracy and efficiency, and the results are in a more desirable form for most purposes. Experimental results from both aircraft and satellite data are included.
Kettig, R. L.↗
Destruction of the recreational, asthetic, agricultural, wildlife conservation and preservation, and residential uses of the land as a result of the abuses of the manufacturing, commercial, extractive, construction, and transportation industries
Explicit concern over land use and abuse stems from the recognition of the negative impacts of unrestrained and unregulated economic, industrial, and population growth upon finite land resources. Only one quarter of the total surface area of the earth is land, and of that a large portion is uninhabitable. The present stresses upon the land include urbanization, urban sprawl and urban congestion; electrical, nuclear industrial park siting requirements; land degradation through stripping surface minerals; land degradation through disposal of radioactive wastes, sewage sludge, solid waste and other industrial wastes; rising demand for agricultural land; and the erosion and destruction of land through elimination of protective coverings such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands.
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Computer classification of remotely sensed multispectral image data by extraction and classification of homogeneous objects
A method of classification of digitized multispectral images is developed and experimentally evaluated on actual earth resources data collected by aircraft and satellite. The method is designed to exploit the characteristic dependence between adjacent states of nature that is neglected by the more conventional simple-symmetric decision rule. Thus contextual information is incorporated into the classification scheme. The principle reason for doing this is to improve the accuracy of the classification. For general types of dependence this would generally require more computation per resolution element than the simple-symmetric classifier. But when the dependence occurs in the form of redundance, the elements can be classified collectively, in groups, therby reducing the number of classifications required.
Kettig, R. L.↗
ALARM: A highly efficient eigenvalue extraction routine for very large matrixes
A highly efficient computer program, called ALARM, for the determination of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of large symmetric matrices (over 10,000 degrees of freedom), was described. As such, it is highly useful for analyzing complex finite element and finite difference idealizations encountered in structural dynamics and acoustic probelms. The program is based upon a scheme which reduces a large matrix to an equivalent tridiagonal one of much smaller size. The main strength of the algorithm lies in its ability to retain all the information required to obtain the eigenvalues at either end of the original matrix spectrum.
Ojalvo, I. U.↗