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At least 541 records · Page 30

Search for the nonresonant production of Higgs boson pairs via gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion in the $b\bar{b}$τ + τ – final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for the nonresonant production of Higgs boson pairs in the HH → $b\overline{b}$$\tau^{+}\tau^{-}$ channel is performed using 140 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The analysis strategy is optimized to probe anomalous values of the Higgs boson self-coupling modifier $\kappa_{\tau}$ and of the quartic HHVV (v = W,Z) coupling modifier $\kappa$ 2⁢V . No significant excess above the expected background from Standard Model processes is observed. An observed (expected) upper limit μ HH < 5.9⁢(3.3) is set at 95% confidence-level on the Higgs boson pair production cross section normalized to its Standard Model prediction. The coupling modifiers are constrained to an observed (expected) 95% confidence interval of -3.1 <$\kappa_{\tau}$ < 9.0 (-2.5 < $\kappa_{\tau}$ < 9.3) and -0.5 <$\kappa$ 2⁢V < 2.7 (-0.2 <$\kappa$ 2⁢V < 2.4), assuming all other Higgs boson couplings are fixed to the Standard Model prediction. The results are also interpreted in the context of effective field theories via constraints on anomalous Higgs boson couplings and Higgs boson pair production cross sections assuming different kinematic benchmark scenarios.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Data-driven model validation for neutrino-nucleus cross section measurements

Neutrino-nucleus cross section measurements are needed to improve interaction modeling to meet the precision needs of neutrino experiments in efforts to measure oscillation parameters and search for physics beyond the Standard Model. We review the difficulties associated with modeling neutrino-nucleus interactions that lead to a dependence on event generators in oscillation analyses and cross section measurements alike. We then describe data-driven model validation techniques intended to address this model dependence. The method relies on utilizing various goodness-of-fit tests and the correlations between different observables and channels to probe the model for defects in the phase space relevant for the desired analysis. These techniques shed light on relevant mismodeling, allowing it to be detected before it begins to bias the cross section results. We compare more commonly used model validation methods which directly validate the model against alternative ones to these data-driven techniques and show their efficacy with fake data studies. These studies demonstrate that employing data-driven model validation in cross section measurements represents a reliable strategy to produce robust results that will stimulate the desired improvements to interaction modeling.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

QED nuclear medium effects at EIC energies

Here, we present the first calculation of quantum electrodynamics (QED) nuclear medium effects under the experimental conditions of future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) experiments. Our work offers numerical estimates, particularly in the context of inclusive deep inelastic scattering on a $^{208}_{82}$Pb nucleus. While prior studies have predominantly focused on elastic scattering, our investigation extends to the more complex scenarios of inelastic processes within a nuclear medium. Our findings suggest that the cross section corrections due to QED nuclear medium effects could be substantial, reaching or exceeding the level of experimental precision. This work further compares the effects of single rescattering events with those of multiple rescatterings, as particles travel the nuclear volume. We estimate the dominant source of the uncertainties associated with our formalism by varying the scale of the atomic physics where the screening of the electric field of the nucleus happens. This calculation not only contributes to the understanding of QED nuclear medium effects, but also offers a path to a more precise extraction of the process-independent nonperturbative structure of nuclei.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

First Measurement of Differential Charged Current Quasielasticlike $\nu_{\mu}$ -Argon Scattering Cross Sections with the MicroBooNE Detector

We report on the first measurement of flux-integrated single differential cross sections for charged-current (CC) muon neutrino ($\nu_{\mu}$) scattering on argon with a muon and a proton in the final state, 40 Ar $(\nu_{\mu},μp)X$. The measurement was carried out using the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber detector with an exposure of 4.59 × 10 19 protons on target. Events are selected to enhance the contribution of CC quasielastic (CCQE) interactions. The data are reported in terms of a total cross section as well as single differential cross sections in final state muon and proton kinematics. We measure the integrated per-nucleus CCQE-like cross section (i.e., for interactions leading to a muon, one proton, and no pions above detection threshold) of (4.93 ± 0.76 stat ± 1.29 sys )×10 -38 cm 2 , in good agreement with theoretical calculations. The single differential cross sections are also in overall good agreement with theoretical predictions, except at very forward muon scattering angles that correspond to low-momentum-transfer events.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

First Measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering on Argon

We report the first measurement of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) on argon using a liquid argon detector at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source. Two independent analyses prefer CEvNS over the background-only null hypothesis with greater than 3σ significance. The measured cross section, averaged over the incident neutrino flux, is (2.2±0.7)×10 –39 cm 2 —consistent with the standard model prediction. In conclusion, the neutron-number dependence of this result, together with that from our previous measurement on CsI, confirms the existence of the CEvNS process and provides improved constraints on nonstandard neutrino interactions.

39 ≤ A ≤ 58↗

Results from the Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST)

The Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST) was designed to investigate the deficit of electron neutrinos 𝜈𝑒 observed in previous gallium-based radiochemical measurements with high-intensity neutrino sources, commonly referred to as the “gallium anomaly,” which could be interpreted as evidence for oscillations between 𝜈𝑒 and sterile neutrino (𝜈 𝑠 ) states. A 3.414-MCi 51 Cr 𝜈 𝑒 source was placed at the center of two nested Ga volumes and measurements were made of the production of 71 Ge through the charged current reaction, 71 Ga ⁢(𝜈 𝑒 ,𝑒 − ) ⁢71 Ge, at two average distances. The measured production rates for the inner and the outer targets, respectively, are [54.9$^{+2.5}_{−2.4}$⁢(stat) ± 1.4⁢(syst)] and [55.6$^{+2.7}_{−2.6}$⁢(stat) ± 1.4⁢(syst)] atoms of 71 Ge/𝑑. The ratio (𝑅) of the measured rate of 71 Ge production at each distance to the expected rate from the known cross section and experimental efficiencies are 𝑅 in = 0.79 ± 0.05 and 𝑅 out = 0.77 ± 0.05. The ratio of the outer to the inner result is 0.97 ± 0.07, which is consistent with unity within uncertainty. The rates at each distance were found to be similar, but 20%–24% lower than expected, thus reaffirming the anomaly. Furthermore, these results are consistent with 𝜈 𝑒 → 𝜈 𝑠 oscillations with a relatively large Δ⁢𝑚 2 (>0.5 eV 2 ) and mixing sin 2 ⁡2⁢𝜃 (≈ 0.4).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Pion-Induced Radiative Corrections to Neutron β Decay

In this work, we compute the electromagnetic corrections to neutron β decay using a low-energy hadronic effective field theory. We identify new radiative corrections arising from virtual pions that were missed in previous studies. The largest correction is a percent-level shift in the axial charge of the nucleon proportional to the electromagnetic part of the pion-mass splitting. Smaller corrections, comparable to anticipated experimental precision, impact the β-ν angular correlations and the β asymmetry. We comment on implications of our results for the comparison of the experimentally measured nucleon axial charge with first-principles computations using lattice QCD and on the potential of β decay experiments to constrain beyond-the-standard-model interactions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

First Observation of Cyclotron Radiation from MeV-Scale e ± following Nuclear β Decay

We present an apparatus for detection of cyclotron radiation yielding a frequency-based β ± kinetic energy determination in the 5 keV to 2.1 MeV range, characteristic of nuclear β decays. The cyclotron frequency of the radiating β particles in a magnetic field is used to determine the β energy precisely. Our work establishes the foundation to apply the cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) technique, developed by the Project 8 Collaboration, far beyond the 18-keV tritium endpoint region. We report initial measurements of β – ’s from 6 He and β + ’s from 19 Ne decays to demonstrate the broadband response of our detection system and assess potential systematic uncertainties for β spectroscopy over the full (MeV) energy range. To our knowledge, this is the first direct observation of cyclotron radiation from individual highly relativistic β’s in a waveguide. Furthermore, this work establishes the application of CRES to a variety of nuclei, opening its reach to searches for new physics beyond the TeV scale via precision β-decay measurements.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Reanalysis of the 𝛽− $\overline{v}$ 𝑒 Angular Correlation Measurement from the aSPECT Experiment with New Constraints on Fierz Interference

On the basis of revisions of some of the systematic errors, we reanalyzed the electron-antineutrino angular correlation (𝑎 coefficient) in free neutron decay inferred from the recoil energy spectrum of the protons which are detected in 4⁢𝜋 by the aSPECT spectrometer. With 𝑎=−0.104 02⁢(82), the new value differs only marginally from the one published in 2020. Here, the experiment also has sensitivity to 𝑏, the Fierz interference term. From a correlated (𝑏,𝑎) fit to the proton recoil spectrum, we derive a limit of 𝑏 =−0.0098⁢(193) which translates into a somewhat improved 90% confidence interval region of −0.041 ≤ 𝑏 ≤ 0.022 on this hypothetical term. Tighter constraints on 𝑏 can be set from a combined analysis of the PERKEO III (𝛽 asymmetry) and aSPECT measurement which suggests a finite value of 𝑏 with 𝑏 (𝑐) =−0.0181 ± 0.0065 deviating by 2.82⁢𝜎 from the standard model.

Beta decay↗

Impact of Next-to-Leading-Order Weak Standard-Model-Effective-Field-Theory Corrections in e + e − → Z H

We present results from a complete next-to-leading order (NLO) calculation of e + e − → Z H in the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) framework, including all contributions from dimension-six operators. At NLO, there are novel dependencies on CP violating parameters in the gauge sector, on modifications to the Higgs boson self-couplings, on alterations to the top quark Yukawa couplings, and on four-fermion operators involving the electron and the top quark, among others. We show that including only the logarithms resulting from renormalization group scaling can produce misleading results, and further, we explicitly demonstrate the constraining power of combining measurements from different energy scales. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for Fractionally Charged Particles with CUORE

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a detector array comprised by 988 5 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm TeO 2 crystals held below 20 mK, primarily searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 130 Te. Unprecedented in size among cryogenic calorimetric experiments, CUORE provides a promising setting for the study of exotic throughgoing particles. Using the first tonne year of CUORE’s exposure, we perform a search for hypothesized fractionally charged particles (FCPs), which are well-motivated by various standard model extensions and would have suppressed interactions with matter. Across the searched range of charges 𝑒/24−𝑒/2 no excess of FCP candidate tracks is observed over background, setting leading limits on the underground FCP flux with charges 𝑒/24 −𝑒/5 at 90% confidence level. Using the low background environment and segmented geometry of CUORE, we establish the sensitivity of tonne-scale subkelvin detectors to diverse signatures of new physics.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Unique Forbidden Beta Decays at Zero Momentum Transfer

We report an exploratory study of the 𝒪⁡(𝛼) structure-dependent electromagnetic radiative corrections to unique first-forbidden nuclear beta decays. We show that the insertion of angular momentum into the nuclear matrix element by the virtual or real photon exchange opens up the decay at vanishing nuclear recoil momentum which was forbidden at tree level, leading to a dramatic change in the decay spectrum not anticipated in existing studies. We discuss its implications for precision tests on the standard model and searches for new physics.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Testing the lepton content of the proton at HERA and EIC

Although protons are baryons with an overall vanishing lepton number, they possess a non-trivial leptonic content arising from quantum fluctuations which can be described by lepton parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton. These PDFs have been recently computed and can be used to define lepton-induced processes at high-energy colliders. In this article, we propose a novel way to test the computation of lepton PDFs of the proton by analyzing both non-resonant di-lepton and resonant Z gauge boson production processes induced by leptons within the proton at proton-electron colliders like HERA and EIC. Despite the fact that lepton PDFs of the proton are known to be small, this work demonstrates that both processes imply a measurable yield of events at HERA and EIC, which could be used to test these PDFs.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering at the European Spallation Source

The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently well on its way to completion, will soon provide the most intense neutron beams for multi-disciplinary science. Fortuitously, it will also generate the largest pulsed neutrino flux suitable for the detection of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEνNS), a process recently measured for the first time at ORNL’s Spallation Neutron Source. We describe innovative detector technologies maximally able to profit from the order-of-magnitude increase in neutrino flux provided by the ESS, along with their sensitivity to a rich particle physics phenomenology accessible through high-statistics, precision CEνNS measurements.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Measurement of the Z boson production cross-section in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV

The first measurement of the Z boson production cross-section at centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV in the forward region is reported, using pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment in year 2017, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 100 ± 2 pb –1 . The production cross-section is measured for final-state muons in the pseudorapidity range 2.0 < η < 4.5 with transverse momentum p T > 20 GeV/c. The integrated cross-section is determined to be ${\sigma}_{Z\to \mu +\mu -}=39.6\pm 0.7\left(\textrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.6\left(\textrm{syst}\right)\pm 0.8\left(\textrm{lumi}\right)\textrm{pb}$ for the di-muon invariant mass in the range 60 < M μμ < 120 GeV/c 2 . This result and the differential cross-section results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order in the strong coupling constant. Based on a previous LHCb measurement of the Z boson production cross-section in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV, the nuclear modification factor RpPb is measured for the first time at this energy. The measured values are ${1.2}_{-0.3}^{+0.5}$ (stat) ± 0.1(syst) in the forward region (1.53 < ${y}_{\mu}^{\ast }$ < 4.03) and ${3.6}_{-0.9}^{+1.6}$ (stat) ± 0.2(syst) in the backward region (–4.97 < ${y}_{\mu}^{\ast }$ < –2.47), where ${y}_{\mu}^{\ast }$ represents the muon rapidity in the centre-of-mass frame.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Energy-enhanced dimension eight SMEFT effects in VBF Higgs production

We study Higgs boson production via vector boson fusion at the LHC, focusing on the process pp → H + jj and capturing the leading energy-enhanced contributions within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) up to order 1/Λ$^{4}$. Employing energy-scaling arguments, we predict the magnitude of each higher-dimensional operator’s contribution. Utilizing the geometric formulation of SMEFT, our analysis incorporates dimension-eight operators not previously considered. We find that the kinematics of vector boson fusion — characterized by two highly forward jets — tend to suppress contributions from higher-dimensional operators, requiring a lower scale Λ for SMEFT effects to become observable. This suggests that the SMEFT remains valid for lower Λ than expected. Combined with the fact that LEP constrains the dimension-six operators with the most considerable impact on vector boson fusion, a regime exists where dimension-eight operators can have significant effects. In many cases, these dimension-eight operators also influence associated production processes like pp → HV(jj), though differences in analysis cuts and kinematics mean this is not always the case. Our findings provide insights that could refine the search for SMEFT signals in collider experiments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

“Unification” of BSM searches and SM measurements: the case of lepton+E T and m W

We develop the idea that the unprecedented precision in Standard Model (SM) measurements, with further improvement at the HL-LHC, enables new searches for physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). As an illustration, we demonstrate that the measured kinematic distributions of the ℓ + E T final state not only determine the mass of the W boson, but are also sensitive to light new physics. Such a search for new physics thus requires a simultaneous fit to the BSM and SM parameters, “unifying” searches and measurements at the LHC and Tevatron. In this paper, we complete the program initiated in our earlier work [1]. In particular, we analyze (i) novel decay modes of the W boson with a neutrinophilic invisible scalar or with a heavy neutrino; (ii) modified production of W bosons, namely, associated with a hadrophilic invisible Z′ gauge boson; and (iii) scenarios without an on-shell W boson, such as slepton-sneutrino production in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Here, we complement our previous MSSM analysis in [1] by considering a different kinematic region. Our results highlight that new physics can still be directly discovered at the LHC, including light new physics, via SM precision measurements. Furthermore, we illustrate that such BSM signals are subtle, yet potentially large enough to affect the precision measurements of SM parameters themselves, such as the W boson mass.

Electroweak Precision Physics↗