Consequences of Used Nuclear Fuel Failure on Criticality Safety
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High gamma and neutron radiation levels were monitored at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) after installation of new cavity cryomodules and initial test runs in the frame of the ongoing 12 GeV upgrade program. The dose rates scaled exponentially with cavity accelerating fields, but were independent of the presence of an electron beam in the accelerator. Hence, field emission (FE) is the source of origin. This has led to concerns regarding the high field operation (100 MV per cryomodule) in the future 12 GeV era. Utilizing supercomputing, novel FE studies have been performed with electrons tracked through a complete cryomodule. It provides a principal understanding of experimental observations as well as ways to mitigate FE as best as practicable by identification of problematic cavities.
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Brief overview of the underground infrastructure protection capabilities at the NNSS.