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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 541 records · Page 30

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1994

Low-light video observations of frequent luminous structures in the stratosphere above thunderstorms

A new series of video measurements were made of the phenomenon provisionally termed the cloud-to-stratosphere (CS) event, an electrical discharge extending to great heights above thunderstorm tops. This new series of measurements were accomplished by properly positioning a sensor, the Xybion model ISS 225 low-light monochrome imaging system with a C-mount fl.8 manual zoom lens, and training it on the appropriate portion of the sky above a distant thunderstorm complex mean Fort Collins, Colorado. The resulting images are currently undergoing intensive analysis. Some tentative conclusions are given. Cloud-to-stratosphere events occur far more frequently than previously suspected and are perhaps a ubiquitous aspect of many larger convective systems. Cloud-to-stratosphere events are also of substantial horizontal extent, on the order of tens of kilometers in some cases.

Lyons, Walter A.↗

NASA NTRS1995

Combining Video Memory Operations

Designs of video random-access memory (VRAM) integrated circuits operating under control by external logic circuits simplified according to concept of combining two memory operations performed separately heretofore. Eliminates need for DRAM-refresh timers and counters, reducing amount of circuitry needed to control VRAM thereby reducing time needed to design VRAM. Simplification also reduces time needed to redesign DRAM-refresh logic circuitry when adapting VRAM design to another VRAM for which timing specifications different. Concept can be applied to VRAM clocking data out to display unit continuously.

Kania, Michael J.↗

NASA NTRS1995

Real-Time Compression Of Digital Video

Enhanced DPCM video compression algorithm utilizes non-uniform quantizer, non-adaptive predictor, and multi-level Huffman coder to substantially reduce data rate below that achievable with conventional DPCM. Images reconstructed without noticeable degradation.

Bizon, Thomas P.↗

NASA NTRS1995

STS-69 Flight Day 1 Video File

The first day of the STS-69 flight is highlighted in this video. Shown are the prelaunch and launch activities and the in-orbit SPARTAN-201 satellite pre-deployment checkout of the robot arm in the shuttle's bay. The flight crew consisted of Cmdr. Dave Walker, Pilot Ken Cockrell, and Mission Specialists Jim Voss, Jim Newman, and Mike Gernhardt. Earth views of cloud cover are included.

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NASA NTRS1995

Techniques for video compression

In this report, we present our study on multiprocessor implementation of a MPEG2 encoding algorithm. First, we compare two approaches to implementing video standards, VLSI technology and multiprocessor processing, in terms of design complexity, applications, and cost. Then we evaluate the functional modules of MPEG2 encoding process in terms of their computation time. Two crucial modules are identified based on this evaluation. Then we present our experimental study on the multiprocessor implementation of the two crucial modules. Data partitioning is used for job assignment. Experimental results show that high speedup ratio and good scalability can be achieved by using this kind of job assignment strategy.

Wu, Chwan-Hwa↗

NASA NTRS1995

Methods of video and shearography inspection

The goal of this research effort was to study methods of video image correlation and electronic shearography for nondestructive evaluation of aerospace components. Methods of physical load application must be developed before interrogations with these methods may be used to qualify hardware. To that end, inspection procedures were developed for a variety of aerospace components and material systems. Experiments were also conducted from which the relationship between the control settings of the electronic shearography apparatus may be related to flaw detectability. A short feasibility study was conducted to determine the applicability of electronic shearography to the determination of the stress intensity factor of a Mode 1 crack tip by measurement of the localized zone of three dimensional plasticity

Lansing, Matthew D.↗

NASA NTRS1996

Computing Displacements And Strains From Video Images

Subpixel digital video image correlation (SDVIC) technique for measuring in-plane displacements on surfaces of objects under loads, without contact. Used for analyses of experimental research specimens or actual service structures of virtually any size or material. Only minimal preparation of test objects needed, and no need to isolate test objects from minor vibrations or fluctuating temperatures. Technique implemented by SDVIC software, producing color-graduated, full-field representations of in-plane displacements and partial derivatives with respect to position along both principal directions in each image plane. From representations, linear strains, shear strains, and rotation fields determined. Written in C language.

Russell, Samuel S.↗

NASA NTRS1996

Video System For Inspecting Walls Of Cavities

Endoscopic video-imaging system generates panoramic image of part of wall of cavity surrounding tip of probe inserted in cavity. Not necessary to rotate probe to obtain panoramic image. If simple inspection without measurement required, device called "cylindrical light ring" mounted on probe to illuminate scene. Different illumination device used when required to measure distance of wall of cavity from cylindrical axis of probe. System used, for example, to inspect inner surface of tube, passage, or manifold located deep within engine or other complex structure.

Gilbert, John A.↗

NASA NTRS1996

Monocular Video Measurement Of Position And Orientation

Monocular video imaging and image-data-processing system views robotic vehicle and measures position and orientation of vehicle in terms of position and orientation of colored cylinder mounted on vehicle. Data-processing subsystem determines position of cylinder from viewing angle and size of colored cylinder in image. System also follows innovative approach in determining orientation of cylinder.

Volpe, Richard A.↗

NASA NTRS1995

A Robust Model-Based Coding Technique for Ultrasound Video

This paper introduces a new approach to coding ultrasound video, the intended application being very low bit rate coding for transmission over low cost phone lines. The method exploits both the characteristic noise and the quasi-periodic nature of the signal. Data compression ratios between 250:1 and 1000:1 are shown to be possible, which is sufficient for transmission over ISDN and conventional phone lines. Preliminary results show this approach to be promising for remote ultrasound examinations.

Docef, Alen↗

NASA NTRS1990

Linear Calibration of Radiographic Mineral Density Using Video-Digitizing Methods

Radiographic images can provide quantitative as well as qualitative information if they are subjected to densitometric analysis. Using modern video-digitizing techniques, such densitometry can be readily accomplished using relatively inexpensive computer systems. However, such analyses are made more difficult by the fact that the density values read from the radiograph have a complex, nonlinear relationship to bone mineral content. This article derives the relationship between these variables from the nature of the intermediate physical processes, and presents a simple mathematical method for obtaining a linear calibration function using a step wedge or other standard.

Martin, R. Bruce↗

NASA NTRS1990

Linear Calibration of Radiographic Mineral Density Using Video-Digitizing Methods

Radiographic images can provide quantitative as well as qualitative information if they are subjected to densitometric analysis. Using modem video-digitizing techniques, such densitometry can be readily accomplished using relatively inexpensive computer systems. However, such analyses are made more difficult by the fact that the density values read from the radiograph have a complex, nonlinear relationship to bone mineral content. This article derives the relationship between these variables from the nature of the intermediate physical processes, and presents a simple mathematical method for obtaining a linear calibration function using a step wedge or other standard.

Martin, R. Bruce↗

NASA NTRS1992

Operationally Efficient Propulsion System Study (OEPSS): OEPSS Video Script

The OEPSS video film, along with the OEPSS Databooks, provides a data base of current launch experience that will be useful for design of future expendable and reusable launch systems. The focus is on the launch processing of propulsion systems. A brief 15-minute overview of the OEPSS study results is found at the beginning of the film. The remainder of the film discusses in more detail: current ground operations at the Kennedy Space Center; typical operations issues and problems; critical operations technologies; and efficiency of booster and space propulsion systems. The impact of system architecture on the launch site and its facility infrastucture is emphasized. Finally, a particularly valuable analytical tool, developed during the OEPSS study, that will provide for the "first time" a quantitative measure of operations efficiency for a propulsion system is described.

Wong, George S.↗

NASA NTRS1998

Space Shuttle Video Images: An Example of Warm Cloud Lightning

Warm cloud lightning has been reported in several tropical locations. We have been using the intensified monochrome TV cameras at night during a number of shuttle flights to observe large active thunderstorms and their associated lightning. During a nighttime orbital pass of the STS-70 mission on 17 July 1995 at 07:57:42 GMT, the controllers obtained video imagery of a small cloud that was producing lightning. Data from a GOES infrared image establishes that the cloud top had a temperature of about 271 degrees Kelvin ( -2 degrees Celsius). Since this cloud was electrified to the extent that a lightning discharge did occur, it may be another case of lightning in a cloud that presents little if any evidence of frozen or melting precipitation.

Vaughan, Otha H., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1999

Lesson Plan Prototype for International Space Station's Interactive Video Education Events

The outreach and education components of the International Space Station Program are creating a number of materials, programs, and activities that educate and inform various groups as to the implementation and purposes of the International Space Station. One of the strategies for disseminating this information to K-12 students involves an electronic class room using state of the art video conferencing technology. K-12 classrooms are able to visit the JSC, via an electronic field trip. Students interact with outreach personnel as they are taken on a tour of ISS mockups. Currently these events can be generally characterized as: Being limited to a one shot events, providing only one opportunity for students to view the ISS mockups; Using a "one to many" mode of communications; Using a transmissive, lecture based method of presenting information; Having student interactions limited to Q&A during the live event; Making limited use of media; and Lacking any formal, performance based, demonstration of learning on the part of students. My project involved developing interactive lessons for K-12 students (specifically 7th grade) that will reflect a 2nd generation design for electronic field trips. The goal of this design will be to create electronic field trips that will: Conform to national education standards; More fully utilize existing information resources; Integrate media into field trip presentations; Make support media accessible to both presenters and students; Challenge students to actively participate in field trip related activities; and Provide students with opportunities to demonstrate learning

Zigon, Thomas↗

NASA NTRS1997

CCD Video Observation of Microgravity Crystallization of Lysozyme and Correlation with Accelerometer Data

Lysozyme has been crystallized using the ESA Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility onboard the NASA Space Shuttle Orbiter during the IML-2 mission. CCD video monitoring was used to follow the crystallization process and evaluate the growth rate. During the mission some tetragonal crystals were observed moving over distances of up to 200 micrometers. This was correlated with microgravity disturbances caused by firings of vernier jets on the Orbiter. Growth-rate measurement of a stationary crystal (which had nucleated on the growth reactor wall) showed spurts and lulls correlated with an onboard activity; astronaut exercise. The stepped growth rates may be responsible for the residual mosaic block structure seen in crystal mosaicity and topography measurements.

Snell, E. H.↗

NASA NTRS1999

Position Estimation Verification Testing for the Video Guidance Sensor and Dynamic Overhead Target Simulator

The Video Guidance Sensor, part of the Automated Rendezvous and Capture mechanism, is due to undergo formal qualification testing at Marshall Space Flight Center. Before it undergoes this qualification, a test was needed to verify repeatability of the sensor, and to allow different sensor configurations to be compared. This test was developed at the Flight Robotics Laboratory. The test uses a software script to drive the sensor target to the same position and thus allows sensor runs to be compared. The sensor target is the Dynamic Overhead Target Simulator. The simulator uses encoders as its position indicator. Distance Measuring Device's were used to independently verify the software script, the sensor reading, and the target position. The test area, sensor, and other test equipment are briefly described. The actual data is tabulated and will serve as a baseline for future tests. The software script was found to be adequate for the test. Position repeatability was acceptable for all the equipment. The system test is now ready to be used in formal qualification testing.

Gaines, Joseph↗

NASA NTRS1999

TRW Video News: Chandra X-ray Observatory

This NASA Kennedy Space Center sponsored video release presents live footage of the Chandra X-ray Observatory prior to STS-93 as well as several short animations recreating some of its activities in space. These animations include a Space Shuttle fly-by with Chandra, two perspectives of Chandra's deployment from the Shuttle, the Chandra deployment orbit sequence, the Initial Upper Stage (IUS) first stage burn, and finally a "beauty shot", which represents another animated view of Chandra in space.

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