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At least 541 records · Page 30
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NASA NTRS1980

Variability of the solar flux in the far ultraviolet 1175-2100 A

An attempt is made to correlate available observations within the framework of a simple two-component model of the full-disk flux which divides the solar surface into quiet and active areas with a constant average contrast factor for the intensity at a particular wavelength. The expected range of variability over the solar cycle of the far UV flux is examined within the 1175-2100 A wavelength range. Two possible indices of solar variability, the calcium plage index and the Zurich sunspot number, are investigated as guides to the fraction of disk covered by active regions and the possible resulting flux variability. In addition, contrast factors I(plage)/I(quiet region) are determined for various lines and continua, and the fraction of the disk covered by plages at various times is estimated. Results are in good agreement with the L-alpha fluxes of Vidal-Madjar (1975) and the broadband observations by Hinteregger (1979), but disagree with the flux variability reported by Heath and Thekaekara (1977) over the 1700-3000 A range.

Cook, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Assessment of variable camber for application to transport aircraft

The potential benefits were determined for the variable camber of commercial transport airplanes designed for intercontinental and domestic missions. A variable camber concept was developed and incorporated into airplanes designed for the two missions. Benefits were evaluated by comparing the mission performance and direct operating costs for the variable camber airplanes with those for reference airplanes designed for the same missions but having fixed geometry high speed wings. Several technical uncertainties associated with implementing variable camber were also examined.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1981

Computer simulation of random variables and vectors with arbitrary probability distribution laws

Assume that there is given an arbitrary n-dimensional probability distribution F. A recursive construction is found for a sequence of functions x sub 1 = f sub 1 (U sub 1, ..., U sub n), ..., x sub n = f sub n (U sub 1, ..., U sub n) such that if U sub 1, ..., U sub n are independent random variables having uniform distribution over the open interval (0,1), then the joint distribution of the variables x sub 1, ..., x sub n coincides with the distribution F. Since uniform independent random variables can be well simulated by means of a computer, this result allows one to simulate arbitrary n-random variables if their joint probability distribution is known.

Bogdan, V. M.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Problems and programming for analysis of IUE high resolution data for variability

Observations of variability in stellar winds provide an important probe of their dynamics. It is crucial however to know that any variability seen in a data set can be clearly attributed to the star and not to instrumental or data processing effects. In the course of analysis of IUE high resolution data of alpha Cam and other O, B and Wolf-Rayet stars several effects were found which cause spurious variability or spurious spectral features in our data. Programming was developed to partially compensate for these effects using the Interactive Data language (IDL) on the LASP PDP 11/34. Use of an interactive language such as IDL is particularly suited to analysis of variability data as it permits use of efficient programs coupled with the judgement of the scientist at each stage of processing.

Grady, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Rapid X-ray variability in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 6814

The HEAO-1 A-2 high time resolution X-ray observations of the X-ray emitting Seyfert I Galaxy NGC 6814 are reported. In sharp distinction with a sample of over 30 active galactic nuclei this object showed strong X-ray variability on timescales less than 3 hours. The mean flux on a timescale of 90 minutes varied by a factor of approximately 2.5 corresponding to Delta L sub x being approximately 1 x 10 to the 43rd power ergs/sec. An autocorrelation analysis shows a characteristic time for variability of 100 (+60 or -25) seconds. There is no indication of spectral variability with an upper limit on a change in the power law spectral index of the absolute value of Delta gamma .37, for a factor two change in intensity. The constraints of such rapid variability on a wide variety of X-ray source mechanisms are considered.

Tennant, A. F.↗
NASA NTRS1981

The HEAO-1 soft X-ray survey of cataclysmic variable stars

A survey of the soft X-ray emission from 206 cataclysmic variable stars, including dwarf novae in optically quiescent states, classical novae, recurrent novae, nova-like objects and polars, is reported. This is an extension of a previous survey of dwarf novae in outbursts by Cordova et al. (1980). The number of surveyed stars that correspond to features greater than 2 sigma is not in excess of the number of chance coincidences expected on the basis of a random sample of positions distributed over the entire sky. While a few cataclysmic variables have been previously identified as X-ray sources, the results of this survey imply that cataclysmic variables as a class must be, at best, low-luminosity X-ray sources with fluxes below the HEAO-1 A2 detector's sensitivity limit of a few times 10 to the -11th erg/sq cm-s in the energy range 0.1-3 keV. The X-ray luminosities of the cataclysmic variables are consistent with predictions from disk accretion models, provided that a wide range of accretion rates apply.

Cordova, F. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Effect of a part-span variable inlet guide vane on the performance of a high-bypass turbofan engine

The ability of a part-span variable inlet guide vane to modulate the thrust of a high bypass turbofan engine was evaluated at altitude/Mach number conditions of 4572 m/0.6 and 9144 m/0.93. Fan-tip, gas generator and supercharger performance were also determined, both on operating lines and during fan duct throttling. The evaluation was repeated with the bypass splitter extended forward to near the fan blade trailing edge. Gross thrust attenuation of over 50% was achieved with 50 deg variable inlet guide vane closure at 100% corrected fan speed. Gas generator supercharger performance fell off with variable inlet guide vane closure but this loss was reduced when a splitter extension was added. The effect of variable inlet guide vane closure on gas generator performance was minimal.

Bobula, G. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Cooled variable nozzle radial turbine for rotor craft applications

An advanced, small 2.27 kb/sec (5 lbs/sec), high temperature, variable area radial turbine was studied for a rotor craft application. Variable capacity cycles including single-shaft and free-turbine engine configurations were analyzed to define an optimum engine design configuration. Parametric optimizations were made on cooled and uncooled rotor configurations. A detailed structural and heat transfer analysis was conducted to provide a 4000-hour life HP turbine with material properties of the 1988 time frame. A pivoted vane and a moveable sidewall geometry were analyzed. Cooling and variable geometry penalties were included in the cycle analysis. A variable geometry free-turbine engine configuration with a design 1477K (2200 F) inlet temperature and a compressor pressure ratio of 16:1 was selected. An uncooled HP radial turbine rotor with a moveable sidewall nozzle showed the highest performance potential for a time weighted duty cycle.

Rogo, C.↗
NASA NTRS1981

The X-ray and optical characteristics of the cataclysmic variables V794 Aquilae

Observations of V794 Aql have revealed features that are consistent with its inclusion in the class of cataclysmic variables. The features include: (1) a 0.1-4.5 keV luminosity of 5 x 10 to the 30th ergs/sec for a d-value of 100 pc, with a hardness ratio of 11; (2) blue colors; (3) 0.5 mag variability on 40-min time scales, and 3.0 mag variability on the time scale of one day; and (4) a weak He II 4686 A, which argues against classification of V794 Aql as an AM Her-type variable. It is predicted that V794 Aql has a period shorter than six hours, with a strong possibility for eclipses, and is a strong UV emission source.

Szkody, P.↗
NASA NTRS1981

318-MHz variability of complete samples of extragalactic radio sources

It is found by a low-frequency variability survey, involving two- and three-epoch, 318-MHz observations of extragalactic sources in samples complete to 3 Jy at 1400 MHz and 1 Jy at 5000 MHz, that steep-spectrum sources do not seem to vary while all flat-spectrum sources exhibit low-frequency variability greater than 8% over about 5 yr. It is also found that the flat-spectrum sources with inverted spectra show the largest fractional variations, and that there is a correlation between the incidence of low-frequency variability and the determination that a source is an optically violent variable. These statistical properties are consistent with models which invoke radio and optical emission relativistic beaming.

Dennison, B.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Rapid X-ray variability in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 6814

In contrast with the Tennant et al (1981) sample of over 30 active galactic nuclei, HEAO 1 A-2 high time resolution X-ray observations of the X-ray emitting Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 6814 show strong X-ray variability on time scales of less than 3 hr. On a time scale of 90 min, the mean flux varied by a factor of about 2.5, and a characteristic time for variability of 100 + 60 or - 25 sec is obtained by autocorrelation analysis. There is no indication of spectral variability with an upper limit on a change in the power law spectral index of less than about 0.37, for a factor 2 change in intensity. The constraints of such rapid variability on a range of X-ray source mechanisms is discussed.

Tennant, A. F.↗
NASA NTRS1981

BE Ursae Majoris /PG 1155 + 492/ - A unique cataclysmic-variable-like object

The variable spectrum of BE Ursae Majoris, which is similar to that of the cataclysmic variables (CVs), shows (1) an emission-line spectrum with the high-excitation CN 4650 A blend as the strongest optical feature, weaker H and He lines, and a strong Balmer jump, and (2) an absorption spectrum dominated by He. Although the object shows no evidence of photometric variability on either short or long time-scales, it has been shown by Kurochkin (1964, 1971) to have a 2.29-day, sinusoidal, 1.5-mag variation. The luminosity is dominated by a UV power-law component, though the 4000-10000 A continuum is flat. The hypothesis that this object is an active mass transfer binary is not supported by its photometric behavior, energy distribution and long period, despite the spectroscopic variability. Nevertheless, three components whose nature is not understood remain: (1) an ultraviolet source whose energy distribution is explainable neither by a uniform temperature primary star nor by an accretion disk; (2) a reprocessed component powered by the UV star; and (3) a component similar to a CV disk, producing the optically thick Balmer lines.

Ferguson, D. H.↗
NASA NTRS1982

BL Herculis stars - Theoretical models for field variables

Type II Cepheids with periods between 1 and 3 days, commonly designated as Bl Herculis stars, have been modeled here with the aim of interpreting the wide variety of light curves observed among the field variables. Previously modeled globular cluster members are used as standard calibration objects. The major finding is that only a small range of luminosities is capable of generating a large variety of light curve types at a given period. For a mass of approximately 0.60 solar mass, the models are able to reproduce the observed mean luminosities, dispersion of mean luminosities, periods, light amplitudes, light asymmetries, and phases of secondary features in the light curves of known BL Her stars. It is possible that the metal-rich variables (which are found only in the field) have luminosities lower than those of most metal-poor variables. The present revised mass for BL Her, a metal-rich object, is not significantly different from the mean mass of the metal-poor variables.

Carson, R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Variable camber rotor study

Deployment of variable camber concepts on helicopter rotors was analytically assessed. It was determined that variable camber extended the operating range of helicopters provided that the correct compromise can be obtained between performance/loads gains and mechanical complexity. A number of variable camber concepts were reviewed on a two dimensional basis to determine the usefulness of leading edge, trailing edge and overall camber variation schemes. The most powerful method to vary camber was through the trailing edge flaps undergoing relatively small motions (-5 deg to +15 deg). The aerodynamic characteristics of the NASA/Ames A-1 airfoil with 35% and 50% plain trailing edge flaps were determined by means of current subcritical and transonic airfoil design methods and used by rotor performance and loads analysis codes. The most promising variable camber schedule reviewed was a configuration with a 35% plain flap deployment in an on/off mode near the tip of a blade. Preliminary results show approximately 11% reduction in power is possible at 192 knots and a rotor thrust coefficient of 0.09. The potential demonstrated indicates a significant potential for expanding the operating envelope of the helicopter. Further investigation into improving the power saving and defining the improvement in the operational envelope of the helicopter is recommended.

Dadone, L.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Global mesoscale variability from collinear tracks of SEASAT altimeter data

Eight to nine sets of global collinear altimeter data with a cross-track grid spacing of approximately 900 km at the equator and 600 km at midlatitude have been obtained from the last 25 days of the 1978 SEASAT mission. Since the geoid is time-invariant, such observations can reveal sea surface height variability caused by dynamic ocean phenomena. Variations due to deep ocean mesoscale features are presently solved for by eliminating the longer wavelength deviations, yielding sea height profiles with an accuracy of a few cm, and a global variability map constructed from these data which reveal an exceptionally realistic perspective of mesoscale energetics. The dominance of exceedingly small variability over extensive regions of the oceans is noted. In both the Atlantic and the Pacific, the North Equatorial Current systems were clearly expressed as zonal bands of higher variability.

Cheney, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Oceanic mesoscale variability and general circulation from satellite altimetry: A status report

Progress on the applications of satellite altimetry from SEASAT and Geos-3 to the study of oceanic mesoscale variability and general circulation is reviewed. The major conclusion for the applications to mesoscale variability is that an optimally designed altimetric mission with a lifetime of several years will improve our knowledge of the global mesoscale variability to an extent unattainable by any other practical means. The proposed Topex mission will allow one to view the global oceanic variability in such a wide range of periods and wavelengths: from 20 days to 3 to 5 years; from 50 to 10,000 km. However, the goal of determining the general circulation cannot be achieved by a single altimetric mission, because a highly accurate geoid needs to be determined independently. The scenario of the combination of Topex with Gravsat, a gravity mission that will give accurate geoid information, will allow the global general circulation to be determined at scales as small as 100 km. Areas of research needing to be performed with existing altimeter data are also discussed.

Fu, L. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Numerical analysis of a variable camber rotor blade as a lift control device

A new rotor configuration called the variable camber rotor was numerically investigated as a lift control device. This rotor differs from a conventional (baseline) rotor only in the blade aft section. In this configuration, the aft section or flap is attached to the forward section by pin joint arrangement, and also connected to the rotor control system for the control of rotor thrust level and vectoring. Pilot action to the flap deflection controls rotor lift and tip path plane tilt. The drag due to flaps is presented and the theoretical result correlated with test data. The assessment of payoff for the variable camber rotor in comparison with conventional (baseline) rotor was examined in hover. The variable camber rotor is shown to increase hover power required by 1.35%, but such a minimal power penalty is not significant enough to be considered a negative result. In forward flight, the control needs of the variable camber rotor were evaluated.

Awani, A. O.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Slotted variable camber flap

Variable camber actuator assemblies broaden the range of speeds at which lift to drag performance is maximized for slotted flap wings. Lift is improved over a broader range of cruising speeds by varying wing camber with rotational flap movements that do not introduce wing slots and induced drag. Forward flaps are secured to forward flange links which extended from, and are a part of forward flap linkage assemblies. The forward flaps rotate about flap pivots with their rotational displacement controlled by variable camber actuator assemblies located between the forward flaps and the forward flange links. Rear flaps are held relative to the forward flaps by rear flap linkage assemblies which may act independently from the forward flap linkage assemblies and the variable camber actuator assemblies. Wing camber is varied by rotating the flaps with the variable camber actuator assemblies while the flaps are in a deployed or tucked position. Rotating the flaps in a tucked position does not introduce significant wing surface discontinuities, and reduces aircraft fuel consumption on most flight profiles.

Andrews, D. G.↗