Structural response of phyllomanganates to wet aging and aqueous Mn(II)
Abstract not provided
Hinkle, Margaret A. G.↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “Phase III”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Diffusion-Limited Kinetics of Isovalent Cation Exchange in III–V Nanocrystals Dispersed in Molten Salt Reaction Media
The goal of this work is to determine the kinetic factors that govern isovalent cation exchange in III–V colloidal quantum dots using molten salts as the solvent and cation source. We focus on the reactions of InP + GaI 3 → In 1 – x Ga x P and InAs + GaI 3 → In 1–x Ga x As to create technologically important ternary III–V phases. We find that the molten salt reaction medium causes the transformation of nearly spherical InP nanocrystals to tetrahedron-shaped In 1–x Ga x P nanocrystals. Furthermore, we determine that the activation energy for the cation exchange reaction is 0.9 eV for incorporation of Ga into InP and 1.2 eV for incorporation of Ga into InAs, both much lower than the measured values in bulk semiconductors. Next, we use powder XRD simulations to constrain our understanding of the structure of the In 1–x Ga x P nanocrystals. Together our results reveal several important features of molten salt-mediated cation exchange and provide guidance for future development of these materials.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Hydroelastic slamming response in the evolution of a flip-through event during shallow-liquid sloshing
The evolution of a flip-through event [6] upon a vertical, deformable wall during shallow-water sloshing in a 2D tank is analyzed, with specific focus on the role of hydroelasticity. An aluminium plate, whose dimensions are Froude-scaled in order to reproduce the first wet natural frequency associated with the typical structural panel of a Mark III containment system, is used. (Mark III Containment System is a membrane-type tank used in the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) carrier to contain the LNG. A typical structural panel is composed by two metallic membranes and two independent thermal insulation layers. The first membrane contains the LNG, the second one ensures redundancy in case of leakage.) Such a system is clamped to a fully rigid vertical wall of the tank at the vertical ends while being kept free on its lateral sides. Hence, in a 2D flow approximation the system can be suitably modelled, as a double-clamped Euler beam, with the Euler beam theory. The hydroelastic effects are assessed by cross-analyzing the experimental data based both on the images recorded by a fast camera, and on the strain measurements along the deformable panel and on the pressure measurements on the rigid wall below the elastic plate. The same experiments are also carried out by substituting the deformable plate with a fully stiff panel. The pressure transducers are mounted at the same positions of the strain gauges used for the deformable plate. The comparison between the results of rigid and elastic case allows to better define the role of hydroelasticity. The analysis has identified three different regimes characterizing the hydroelastic evolution: a quasi-static deformation of the beam (regime I) precedes a strongly hydroelastic behavior (regime II), for which the added mass effects are relevant; finally, the free-vibration phase (regime III) occurs. A hybrid method, combining numerical modelling and experimental data from the tests with fully rigid plate is proposed to examine the hydroelastic effects. Within this approach, the measurements provide the experimental loads acting on the rigid plate, while the numerical solution enables a more detailed analysis, by giving additional information not available from the experimental tests. More in detail, an Euler beam equation is used to model numerically the plate with the added-mass contribution estimated in time. In this way the resulting hybrid method accounts for the variation of the added mass associated with the instantaneous wetted length of the beam, estimated from the experimental images. Moreover, the forcing hydrodynamic load is prescribed by using the experimental pressure distribution measured in the rigid case. The experimental data for the elastic beam are compared with the numerical results of the hybrid model and with those of the standard methods used at the design stage. The comparison against the experimental data shows an overall satisfactory prediction of the hybrid model. The maximum peak pressure predicted by the standard methods agrees with the result of the hybrid model only when the added mass effect is considered. However, the standard methods are not able to properly estimate the temporal evolution of the plate deformation.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Biomass burning aerosol transport and vertical distribution over the South African-Atlantic region
Optically thick smoke aerosol plumes originating from biomass burning (BB) in the southwestern African Savanna during the austral spring are transported westward by the free tropospheric winds to primarily overlie vast stretches of stratocumulus cloud decks in the southeast Atlantic. In this work, we evaluated the simulations of long-range transport of BB aerosol by the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) and four other global aerosol models over the complete South African-Atlantic region using Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations to find any distinguishing or common model biases. Models, in general, captured the vertical distribution of aerosol over land but exhibited some common features after long-range transport of smoke plumes that were distinct from that of CALIOP. Most importantly, the model-simulated BB aerosol plumes quickly descend to lower levels just off the western coast of the continent, while CALIOP data suggest that smoke plumes continue their horizontal transport at elevated levels above the marine boundary layer. This is crucial because the sign of simulated aerosol semidirect effect can change depending on whether the bulk of the absorbing aerosols is present within or above the cloud levels in a model. The levels to which the aerosol plumes get subsided and the steepness of their descent vary amongst the models and amongst the different subregions of the domain. Investigations into possible causes of differences between GEOS-5 and CALIOP aerosol transport over the ocean revealed a minimal role of aerosol removal process representation in the model as opposed to model dynamics.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Inorganic Alterations in Unconventional Shale Reservoirs: Importance of Additive and Base Fluid Chemistry
The effective development of unconventional petroleum systems requires the use of significant water resources. In an effort to reduce the consumption of freshwater resources for hydraulic fracturing, highly saline produced waters are increasingly recycled for use as a base fluid. However, there are significant knowledge gaps regarding potential water–rock interactions resulting from the introduction of produced waters and associated additives into shale reservoirs such as formation and deposition of mineral scale, which can negatively affect hydrocarbon production through wellbore restriction and damage to hydraulically generated fractures. To assess the impacts of field stimulation practices in the subsurface, a series of laboratory experiments were completed using (a) three distinct sedimentary rock formations of the Midland Basin (Texas, USA) and (b) additives with two different base fluids: municipal fresh water and clean brine. The experimental approach used relevant injection sequences and mixing ratios in specialized reactors for 3 weeks. Static pressurized experiments and nonpressurized time-resolved experiments were undertaken. The resulting solids and liquids were analyzed by using a variety of laboratory- and synchrotron-based techniques. The use of an acid spearhead (15% HCl) resulted in texturing of both clay-rich and calcareous shales, which can temporarily enhance porosity but subsequently result in mineral scale deposition. The primary matrix scale was Fe(III)-bearing phases, which occurred in all experiments regardless of base fluid chemistry. Additionally, strontium sulfate (SrSO 4 ) precipitated on shale surfaces when clean brines were used. It was concluded that clean brine was the main source of Sr 2+ species, while persulfate breaker degradation and oxidation of pyrite were the sources of SO 4 2– . Sulfate scaling was more pronounced in clay-rich shales, suggesting that Sr sorption is important for promoting celestite formation. This work demonstrates that mineral scale deposition is a complex phenomenon, whereby the type and proportions of various mineral phases are determined from reservoir alteration processes and coprecipitation of constituents from injection fluids. In conclusion, the experimental results shown here should be considered when evaluating different base fluids and additives in order to mitigate mineral precipitation in unconventional shale reservoirs, which could result in reservoir degradation.
Jew, Adam D. [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory↗
Enhanced Manganese Oxidation at the Biofilm–Fluid Interface Drives Pore-Scale Patterns in Mineral Precipitation
Microbial oxidation of manganese (Mn) from aqueous Mn(II) to solid-phase Mn(III, IV) minerals catalyzes Mn(II) removal in natural and engineered porous systems. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal evolution of Mn biomineralization in confined spaces that experience simultaneous Mn(II) delivery and Mn oxide precipitation. Here, we combine time-lapse microscopy, image analysis, and mass spectrometry to quantify the extent and rate of Mn biomineralization by Pseudomonas putida GB-1 in an optically transparent two-dimensional porous medium. We found that Mn(II) oxidation initially occurred within biofilms but shifted over time toward the edges of biofilms in contact with pore fluid. Minerals precipitated outside of the initial biofilm footprint likely due to surface-mediated oxidation of Mn(II) by nascent biogenic Mn oxides, reinforcing a gradient in mineral accumulation from the Mn(II) source near the reactor inlet to the outlet. The rate of mineral precipitation outside the biofilm footprint surpassed the rate of mineral accumulation inside biofilms within 6 h and accounted for two-thirds of the total Mn oxide mass in the pore space at the end of the experiment. This work advances a mechanistic understanding of coupled biotic and abiotic Mn oxidation in porous environments while providing a novel platform to quantify microbe-mineral-fluid interactions.
Biofilms↗
The solvent component of macromolecular crystals
On average, the mother liquor or solvent and its constituents occupy about 50% of a macromolecular crystal. Ordered as well as disordered solvent components need to be accurately accounted for in modelling and refinement, often with considerable complexity. The mother liquor from which a biomolecular crystal is grown will contain water, buffer molecules, native ligands and cofactors, crystallization precipitants and additives, various metal ions, and often small-molecule ligands or inhibitors. On average, about half the volume of a biomolecular crystal consists of this mother liquor, whose components form the disordered bulk solvent. Its scattering contributions can be exploited in initial phasing and must be included in crystal structure refinement as a bulk-solvent model. Concomitantly, distinct electron density originating from ordered solvent components must be correctly identified and represented as part of the atomic crystal structure model. Herein, are reviewed (i) probabilistic bulk-solvent content estimates, (ii) the use of bulk-solvent density modification in phase improvement, (iii) bulk-solvent models and refinement of bulk-solvent contributions and (iv) modelling and validation of ordered solvent constituents. A brief summary is provided of current tools for bulk-solvent analysis and refinement, as well as of modelling, refinement and analysis of ordered solvent components, including small-molecule ligands.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Nanostructure and compositional segregation of soft magnetic FeNi-based nanocomposites with multiple nanocrystalline phases
Soft magnetic metal amorphous nanocomposite alloys are produced through rapid solidification and thermal annealing yielding nanocrystals embedded within an amorphous precursor. Similar free energies in Co-rich and FeNi-based alloy systems result in multiple nanocrystalline phases being formed during devitrification. Studies of multi-phase crystallization processes have been reported for Co-rich alloys but relatively few have investigated FeNi-based systems. A detailed characterization of compositional partitioning and microstructure of an optimally annealed FeNi-based MANC (Fe 70 Ni 30 ) 80 Nb 4 Si 2 B 14 alloy is presented through complementary high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). HRTEM demonstrates orientation relationships between FCC and BCC nanocrystals, suggesting heterogeneous nucleation of nanocrystals in the amorphous matrix or a cooperative mechanism of nucleation between BCC and FCC nanocrystallites. APT results show evidence for (i) the segregation of Fe and Ni between nanocrystals of different phases, (ii) B partitioning to the amorphous phase, and (iii) an Nb-enriched shell surrounding nanocrystals.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
SECARB Bottom Hole Gravity Data
Borehole gravity measurements obtained during the SECARB project at the Cranfield oil site in Mississippi from CFU31-F2 and CFU31-F3 wells. Data was used to calculate density changes within the Cranfield reservoir and to test borehole gravity performance compared to a variety of other methods for monitoring the injected CO2 plume. Associated Publications: Dodds, K., Krahenbuhl, R., Reitz, A., Li, Y., Hovorka, S. D., 2013, Evaluation of time lapse borehole gravity for CO2 plume detection SECARB Cranfield: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control.
Borehole↗
SECARB Petrographic Data and Photos
Thin sections, sedimentary graphic logs, and XRD results from CFU31-F2 and CFU31-F3 wells. Data collected as part of geologic characterization phase of SECARB project at the Cranfield oilfield in southwest Mississippi. Thin sections for CFU29-12 well also included. Associated Publications: Kordi, M., 2013, Characterization and prediction of reservoir quality in chlorite-coated sandstones: evidence from the Late Cretaceous Lower Tuscaloosa Formation at Cranfield Field, Mississippi, U.S.A., The University of Texas at Austin, Ph.D. dissertation, 193 p.
carbon↗
SECARB Soil-Gas Monitoring Data
Soil-Gas monitoring data collected at the P-site and DAS study locations during SECARB project at Cranfield oil site in Mississippi. Data was used to study influence of gravel pad, pit, plants, and plugged and abandoned (P&A) oil well on near-surface soil-gas compositions. Associated Publications: Anderson, J. S., Romanak, K. D., Yang, C., Lu, J., Hovorka, S. D., and Young, M. H., 2017, Gas source attribution techniques for assessing leakage at geologic CO 2 storage sites: Evaluating a CO 2 and CH 4 soil gas anomaly at the Cranfield CO 2 -EOR site: Chemical Geology, v. 454, p. 93-104, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.02.024 Hingst, M. C., 2013. Geochemical effects of elevated methane and carbon dioxide in near-surface sediments above an EOR/CCUS site, The University of Texas at Austin, Master’s thesis. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21836 Lu, J., Kharaka, Y. K., Thordsen, J. J., Horita, J., Karamalidis, A., Griffith, C., Hakala, J. A., Ambats, G., Cole, D. R., Phelps, T. J., Manning, M. A., Cook, P. J., and Hovorka, S. D., 2012, CO 2 -rock-brine interactions in Lower Tuscaloosa Formation at Cranfield CO2 sequestration site, Mississippi, U.S.A.: Chemical Geology, v. 291, p. 269-277. Yang, C., Jamison, K., Xue, L., Dai, Z., Hovorka, S. D., Fredin, L., and Treviño, R. H., 2017, Quantitative assessment of soil CO 2 concentration and stable carbon isotope for leakage detection at geological carbon sequestration sites: Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, v. 7, no. 4, p. 680-691, doi:10.1002/ghg.1679. Yang, C., Romanak, K. D., Reedy, R. C., Hovorka, S. D., and Treviño, R. H., 2017, Soil gas dynamics monitoring at a CO2-EOR site for leakage detection: Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources, v. 3, p. 351-364, doi:10.1007/s40948-017-0053-7
capture↗
SECARB Core Analysis Data and Photos
Core photos and analysis collected from Cranfield oilfield in southwest Mississippi as part of SECARB project. Cores are from CFU31F-1, CFU31F-2, and CFU31F-3 wells in the Detailed Area of Study. Data includes permeability and porosity measurements and gamma ray scans. Associated Publications: Kordi, M., 2013, Characterization and prediction of reservoir quality in chlorite-coated sandstones: evidence from the Late Cretaceous Lower Tuscaloosa Formation at Cranfield Field, Mississippi, U.S.A., The University of Texas at Austin, Ph.D. dissertation, 193 p.
carbon↗
SECARB Cranfield Well Logs
Borehole logs from the SECARB project at the Cranfield oil site in Franklin, Mississippi . Well logs are a part of the geologic characterization phase of SECARB; CFU 31F-1, CFU 31F-2, CFU 31F-3 well logs from Detailed Area of Study (DAS) and other well logs. Associated Publications: Butsch, R., Brown, A. L., Bryans, B., Kolb, C., Hovorka, S. D., 2013, Integration of well-based subsurface monitoring technologies: lessons learned at SECARB study, Cranfield, MS: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.06.010.
Borehole log↗
SECARB Pressure Monitoring Data
Bottom-hole, above zone monitoring interval, and injection zone pressure data collected during the SECARB project in Cranfield, Mississippi to assess the relationship between pressure field and multiphase field. Submission includes 10-second interval data from Detailed Area of Study wells: CFU31-F1 (injector), CFU31-F2 (observation), CFU31-F3 (observation) and Ella G Lees no. 7 (observation) well located west of the DAS. Associated Publications: Joy, C. A., 2011, The effects of pressure variation and chemical reactions on the elasticity of the lower Tuscaloosa sandstone of the Cranfield Field Mississippi, The University of Texas at Austin, Master’s thesis, 97 p. Kim, S., and Hosseini, S. A., 2013, Above-zone pressure monitoring and geomechanical analysis of a field scale CO2 injection, Cranfield Mississippi, Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, doi:10.1002/ghg.1388. Kim, S., and Hosseini, S. A., 2017, Study on the ratio of pore-pressure/stress changes during fluid injection and its implications for CO2 geologic storage: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, v. 149, p. 138-150, doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2016.10.037. Mathias, S. A., Gluyas, J. G., Gonzalez Martinez de Miguel, G. J., and Hosseini, S. A., 2011, Role of partial miscibility on pressure buildup due to constant rate injection of CO2 into closed and open brine aquifers: Water Resources Research, v. 47, W12525, 11 p., doi:10.1029/2011WR011051. Meckel, T. A., Zeidouni, M., Hovorka, S. D., and Hosseini, S.A., 2013, Assessing sensitivity to well leakage from three years of continuous reservoir pressure monitoring during CO2 injection at Cranfield, MS, USA: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, [insert volume no., page numbers], doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.01.019. Nicot, J.-P., Oldenburg, C. M., Bryant, S. L., and Hovorka, S. D., 2009, Pressure perturbations from geologic carbon sequestration: area-of-review boundaries and borehole leakage driving forces, in Energy Procedia (v. 1, no.1), Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT9, 16–20 November, Washington DC, p. 47–54. Tao, Q., Bryant, S. L., and Meckel, T. A., 2013, Modeling above-zone measurements of pressure and temperature for monitoring CCS sites: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 18, p. 523–530, doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.08.011.
above zone monitoring interval↗
SECARB Electrical Resistance Tomography Data
Electrical Resistance Tomography Data collected as part of SECARB project at Cranfield oil site in Mississippi. Associated Publications: Carrigan, C.R., Yang, X., LaBrecque, D.J., Larsen, D., Freeman, D., Ramirez, A.L., Daily, W., Aines, R., Newmark, R., Friedmann, S. J., Hovorka, S., 2013. Electrical resistivity tomographic monitoring of CO2 movement in deep geologic reservoirs. Int. J. of Greenhouse Gas Control, 18, 401-408. Yang, X., Chen, X., Carrigan, C.R. & Ramirez, A.L., 2014. Uncertainty quantification of CO2 saturation estimated from electrical resistance tomography data at the Cranfield site, Int J Greenh Gas Con, 27, 59-68.
carbon↗
Small Scale Electrical Power Generation from Heat Co-Produced in Geothermal Fluids: Mining Operation
Demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of small scale power generation from low temperature co-produced fluids. Phase I is to Develop, Design and Test an economically feasible low temperature ORC solution to generate power from lower temperature co-produced geothermal fluids. Phase II &III are to fabricate, test and site a fully operational demonstrator unit on a gold mine working site and operate, remotely monitor and collect data per the DOE recommended data package for one year.
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Structure in the 3D Galaxy Distribution. III. Fourier Transforming the Universe: Phase and Power Spectra
We demonstrate the effectiveness of a relatively straightforward analysis of the complex 3D Fourier transform of galaxy coordinates derived from redshift surveys. Numerical demonstrations of this approach are carried out on a volume-limited sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey redshift survey. The direct unbinned transform yields a complex 3D data cube quite similar to that from the Fast Fourier Transform of finely binned galaxy positions. In both cases, deconvolution of the sampling window function yields estimates of the true transform. Simple power spectrum estimates from these transforms are roughly consistent with those using more elaborate methods. The complex Fourier transform characterizes spatial distributional properties beyond the power spectrum in a manner different from (and we argue is more easily interpreted than) the conventional multipoint hierarchy. We identify some threads of modern large-scale inference methodology that will presumably yield detections in new wider and deeper surveys.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Study of Integral Launch and Reentry Vehicle System. Volume 3: Technical Report - Second Phase: Environment and Performance - Volume III
Environment and performance of integral launch and reentry vehicle for space logistics - Vol. 3
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