An experimental study of gyro interaction in the ionosphere, at oblique incidence.
Gyro disturbing wave interaction with obliquely incident wanted wave in nighttime lower E region
E LAYER↗
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Results for “ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPAGATION”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Launching of surface waves on axial-cylindrical reactive surface
Energy transportation by reflected, surface wave, and radiation fields during excitation of dominant transverse magnetic surface wave on axial-cylindrical reactive surface
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE↗
Current distribution and input admittance of an infinite cylindrical antenna in anisotropic plasma.
Current distribution and input admittance of infinitely long cylindrical antenna driven by slice generator and immersed in anisotropic plasma
CURRENT DISTRIBUTION↗
Space Shuttle communications experiments
Experiments which are under consideration for possible flight on the Space Shuttle in the 1980's to aid in the development of new communications techniques are outlined. A millimeter wave communications experiment for the study of propagation above 10 GHz and an electromagnetic environment experiment for the characterization of fields in orbit are planned to provide information needed for effective spectrum conservation. An antenna range experiment is being studied to provide an in-orbit far-field RF signal source for measuring ground antenna patterns and gain over a wide frequency range. Additional experiments will be intended to test spacecraft technology developments, including such communications system components as large phased array antennas and solid state transmitters and receivers.
Wolff, E. A.↗
The application of artificial electron beams to magnetospheric research
Scientific and technical progress made in the utilization of electron beams injected from large sounding rockets for the investigation of magnetospheric structure and dynamics and plasma physics is reviewed. Consideration is given to the problem of vehicle neutralization during the generation of electron beams in the ionosphere and the stability and electromagnetic wave emissions of electron beams propagating in space. Optical effects observed during the two Hess artificial aurora experiments, the Minnesota Echo IV and V experiments, the Zarnitsa-1 artificial aurora experiment and the Precede-Excede experiments are discussed, together with atmospheric scattering effects observed during Echo I, II and III, and results of the three experimental programs which have detected and analyzed beams after passage through the distant magnetosphere (the second Hess experiment, ARAKS and the Electron Echo experiments) are presented. Finally, plans for future research are outlined, and a chronology and complete bibliography of the programs conducted to date are included.
Winckler, J. R.↗
A Fourier collocation time domain method for numerically solving Maxwell's equations
A new method for solving Maxwell's equations in the time domain for arbitrary values of permittivity, conductivity, and permeability is presented. Spatial derivatives are found by a Fourier transform method and time integration is performed using a second order, semi-implicit procedure. Electric and magnetic fields are collocated on the same grid points, rather than on interleaved points, as in the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. Numerical results are presented for the propagation of a 2-D Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) mode out of a parallel plate waveguide and into a dielectric and conducting medium.
Shebalin, John V.↗
Fiber-Optic Strain Sensors With Linear Characteristics
Fiber-optic modal domain strain sensors having linear characteristics over wide range of strains proposed. Conceived in effort to improve older fiber-optic strain sensors. Linearity obtained by appropriate choice of design parameters. Pattern of light and dark areas at output end of optical fiber produced by interference between electromagnetic modes in which laser beam propagates in fiber. Photodetector monitors intensity at one point in pattern.
Egalon, Claudio O.↗
Electromagnetic Properties of Filled, Pixellated Arrays
Filled arrays of bolometers are currently being employed for use in astronomy from the far-infrared through millimeter parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because of the large range of wavelengths for which this is applicable, the number of modes supported by a bolometric pixel will vary according to specific application. Withington et al. (2003) have built a formalism for treating the electromagnetic properties of such bolometers by propagating the second order statistical properties of the radiation through a canonical optical system. In this work, we use this formalism to construct beam pattern images of square pixels for various ratios of p/lambda where p is the pixel size and lambda is the wavelength. In the low mode limit, the diffraction effects cause the beam pattern to be circular with a quadrupole dependence of Stokes Q and U. High mode cases approach the geometric limit. The polarization in these cases can be seen to trace the pixel edges. The effective size of the beam has a direct impact on the inter-pixel coupling and sets the number of independent detectors in an astronomical focal plane. This technique illustrates and quantifies the relationship between pixel size and angular resolution limits for a given wavelength and telescope. This is especially true in the limit of low p/lambda. In this case, the diffraction due to pixelization is non-negligible for the calculation of the overall angular resolution of the telescope. In addition, for instruments that are polarization sensitive, this method also provides a quantitative method for determining the contribution of the instrument to the measured polarization.
Chuss, David T.↗
Magnetic and Electric Field Polarizations of Oblique Magnetospheric Chorus Waves
A theory was developed to explain the properties of the chorus magnetic and electric field components in the case of an arbitrary propagation angle. The new theory shows that a whistler wave has circularly polarized magnetic fields for oblique propagation. This theoretical result is verified by GEOTAIL observations. The wave electric field polarization plane is not orthogonal to the wave vector, and in general is highly elliptically polarized. A special case of the whistler wave called the Gendrin mode is also discussed. This will help to construct a detailed and realistic picture of wave interaction with magnetosphere electrons. It is the purpose of this innovation to study the magnetic and electric polarization properties of chorus at all frequencies, and at all angles of propagation. Even though general expressions for electromagnetic wave polarization in anisotropic plasma are derived in many textbooks, to the knowledge of the innovators, a detailed analysis for oblique whistler wave mode is lacking. Knowledge of the polarization properties is critical for theoretical calculations of resonant wave-particle interactions.
Verkhoglyadova, Olga↗
Design and Development of Aerogel-Based Antennas for Aerospace Applications: A Final Report to the NARI Seedling
As highly porous solids possessing low density and low dielectric permittivity combined with good mechanical properties, polyimide (PI) aerogels offer great promise as an enabling technology for lightweight aircraft antenna systems. While they have been aggressively explored for thermal insulation, barely any effort has been made to leverage these materials for antennas or other applications that take advantage of their aforementioned attributes. In Phase I of the NARI Seedling Project, we fabricated PI aerogels with properties tailored to enable new antenna concepts with performance characteristics (wide bandwidth and high gain) and material properties (low density, environmental stability, and robustness) superior to the state of practice (SOP). We characterized electromagnetic properties, including permittivity, reflectivity, and propagation losses for the aerogels. Simple, prototype planar printed circuit patch antennas from down-selected aerogel formulations were fabricated by molding the aerogels to net shapes and by gold-metalizing the pattern onto the templates via electron beam evaporation in a clean room environment. These aerogel based antennas were benchmarked against current antenna SOP, and exhibited both broader bandwidth and comparable or higher gain performance at appreciably lower mass. Phase II focused on the success of the Phase I results pushing the PI aerogel based antenna technology further by exploring alternative antenna design (i.e., slot coupled antennas) and by examining other techniques for fabricating the antennas including ink jet printing with the goal of optimizing antenna performance and simplifying production. We also examined new aerogel formulations with better moisture and solvent resistance to survive processing conditions. In addition, we investigated more complex antenna designs including passive phased arrays such as 2x4 and 4x8 element arrays to assess the scalability of the aerogel antenna concept. Furthermore, we explored the possibility of developing these arrays in thin, flexible form to make conformable antennas.
insulation↗
Excitation of Banded Whistler Waves in the Magnetosphere
Banded whistler waves can be generated by the whistler anisotropy instability driven by two bi-Maxwellian electron components with T{sub {perpendicular}}/T{sub {parallel}} > 1 at different T{sub {parallel}} For typical magnetospheric condition of 1 < {omega}{sub e}/{Omega}{sub e} < 5 in regions associated with strong chorus, upper-band waves can be excited by anisotropic electrons below {approx} 1 keV, while lower-band waves are excited by anisotropic electrons above {approx} 10 keV. Lower-band waves are generally field-aligned and substantially electromagnetic, while upper-band waves propagate obliquely and have quasi-electrostatic fluctuating electric fields. The quasi-electrostatic feature of upper-band waves suggests that they may be more easily identified in electric field observations than in magnetic field observations. Upper-band waves are liable to Landau damping and the saturation level of upperband waves is lower than lower-band waves, consistent with observations that lower-band waves are stronger than upper-band waves on average. The oblique propagation, the lower saturation level, and the more severe Landau damping together would make upper-band waves more tightly confined to the geomagnetic equator (|{lambda}{sub m}| < {approx}10{sup o}) than lower-band waves.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Electromagnetic waves in an optical photonic lattice
Laser light propagation in a photonic lattice consisting of two parallel waveguide arrays is theoretically studied using the coupled mode method, with the interaction of each waveguide with the nearest neighbours and between the waveguides of the arrays being taken into account. Analytical expressions are obtained that make it possible to accurately predict the presence of localisation of light depending on the coupling constants. Particular solutions of a system of coupled waves are found, which describe strongly localised light propagating without transverse diffraction along the entire lattice at certain values of the coupling constants. The emergence of spatially limited transverse diffraction of light is predicted. (integral optics)
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Near field interaction of microwave signals with a bounded plasma plume
The objective was to study the effect of the arcjet thruster plume on the performance of an onboard satellite reflector antenna. A project summary is presented along with sections on plasma and electromagnetic modeling. The plasma modeling section includes the following topics: wave propagation; plasma analysis; plume electron density model; and the proposed experimental program. The section on electromagnetic modeling includes new developments in ray modeling and the validation of three dimensional ray results.
Ling, Hao↗
Broadband Wide-Angle Second Harmonic Generation in Magnetized Plasma: Double Resonant Effect
Conditions for the phase synchronism between high-frequency electromagnetic waves with frequencies ω and 2ω propagating in magnetized plasma are investigated. The variety of the values of the plasma density and magnetic field, as well as of wave polarizations, obeying the synchronism conditions are shown to provide resonant broadband wide-angle nonlinear generation of the second harmonic of the pumping wave. Special attention is given to oblique propagation of interacting waves. The coupling strengths for the resonant mode conversion in magnetized collisional plasma are obtained. The double resonance ensuring efficient nonlinear generation of extraordinary mode in the vicinity of the electron cyclotron resonance (ω(2k) = ω{sub ce}) is considered. Examples illustrating these nonlinear phenomena for some plasma and radiation parameters are presented.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Radar analysis of the clear atmosphere - Angels.
Clear atmosphere angels origin, clear air turbulence detection, radio propagation and atmospheric radar probing
ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING↗
Parametric decays in relativistic magnetized electron-positron plasmas with relativistic temperatures
The nonlinear evolution of a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave in an electron-positron plasma propagating along a constant background magnetic field is considered, by studying its parametric decays. Relativistic effects, of the particle motion in the wave field and of the plasma temperature, are included to obtain the dispersion relation of the decays. The exact dispersion relation of the pump wave has been previously calculated within the context of a relativistic fluid theory and presents two branches: an electromagnetic and an Alfven one. We investigate the parametric decays for the pump wave in these two branches, including the anomalous dispersion zone of the Alfven branch where the group velocity is negative. We solve the nonlinear dispersion relation for different pump wave amplitudes and plasma temperatures, finding various resonant and nonresonant wave couplings. We are able to identify these couplings and study their behavior as we modify the plasma parameters. Some of these couplings are suppressed for larger amplitudes or temperatures. We also find two kinds of modulational instabilities, one involving two sideband daughter waves and another involving a forward-propagating electroacoustic mode and a sideband daughter wave.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Computer simulations of electromagnetic cool ion beam instabilities
Electromagnetic ion beam instabilities driven by cool ion beams at propagation parallel or antiparallel to a uniform magnetic field are studied using computer simulations. The elements of linear theory applicable to electromagnetic ion beam instabilities and the simulations derived from a one-dimensional hybrid computer code are described. The quasi-linear regime of the right-hand resonant ion beam instability, and the gyrophase bunching of the nonlinear regime of the right-hand resonant and nonresonant instabilities are examined. It is detected that in the quasi-linear regime the instability saturation is due to a reduction in the beam core relative drift speed and an increase in the perpendicular-to-parallel beam temperature; in the nonlinear regime the instabilities saturate when half the initial beam drift kinetic energy density is converted to fluctuating magnetic field energy density.
Gary, S. P.↗
Transverse Mode Electron Beam Microwave Generator
An electron beam microwave device having an evacuated interaction chamber to which are coupled a resonant cavity which has an opening between the resonant cavity and the evacuated interaction chamber and an electron gun which causes a narrow beam of electrons to traverse the evacuated interaction chamber. The device also contains a mechanism for feeding back a microwave electromagnetic field from the resonant cavity to the evacuated interaction chamber in such a way as to modulate the direction of propagation of the electron beam, thereby further amplifyjng the microwave electromagnetic field. Furthermore, provision is made for coupling the electromagnetic field out of the electron beam microwave device.
Wharton, Lawrence E.↗