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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Isolation of a Cu–H Monomer Enabled by Remote Steric Substitution of a N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand: Stoichiometric Insertion and Catalytic Hydroboration of Internal Alkenes

Transient Cu–H monomers have long been invoked in the mechanisms of substrate insertion in Cu–H catalysis. Their role from Cu–H aggregates has been mostly inferred since ligands to stabilize these monomeric intermediates for systematic studies remain limited. Within the last decade, new sterically demanding N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have led to isolable Cu–H dimers and, in some cases, spectroscopic characterization of Cu–H monomers in solution. In this work, we report an NHC ligand, IPr*R, containing para R groups of CHPh 2 and CPh 3 on the ligand periphery for the isolation of a Cu–H monomer for insertion of internal alkenes. This reactivity has not been reported for (NHC)CuH complexes despite their common application in Cu–H-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization. Changing from CHPh 2 to CPh 3 impacts the relative concentration of Cu–H monomers, rate of alkene insertion, and reaction of a trisubstituted internal alkene. Specifically, for R = CPh 3 , monomeric (IPr*CPh 3 )CuH was isolated and provided >95% monomer (10 mM in C 6 D 6 ). In contrast, for R = CHPh 2 , solutions of [(IPr*CHPh 2 )CuH] 2 are 80% dimer and 20% (IPr*CHPh 2 )CuH monomer at 25 °C based on 1 H, 13 C, and 1 H– 13 C HMBC NMR spectroscopy. Quantitative 1 H NMR kinetic studies on cyclopentene insertion into Cu–H complexes to form the corresponding Cu–cyclopentyl complexes demonstrate a strong dependence on the rate of insertion and concentration of the Cu–H monomer. Only (IPr*CPh 3 )CuH, which has a high monomer concentration, underwent regioselective insertion of a trisubstituted internal alkene, 1-methylcyclopentene, to give (IPr*CPh 3 )Cu(2-methylcyclopentyl), which has been crystallographically characterized. We also demonstrated that (IPr*CPh 3 )CuH catalyzes the hydroboration of cyclopentene and methylcyclopentene with pinacolborane.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Evolution of structure and transport properties of the Ba 8 Cu 16 P 30 clathrate-I framework with the introduction of Ga

Two type-I clathrates were synthesized by introducing Ga into the framework of the Ba 8 Cu 16 P 30 type-I clathrate. The introduction of minute amounts of Ga, 1.9% Ga/M total (where M total = Cu + Ga), resulted in the disturbance of the completely ordered Pbcn superstructure of Ba 8 Cu 16 P 30 . Ba 8 Cu 15.43(2) Ga 0.3 P 30.26(3) crystallizes in a partially ordered orthorhombic Pmna clathrate-I superstructure with five out of 15 framework sites being jointly occupied by metal+phosphorus. Increasing the Ga content resulted in all framework sites being occupied by metal + phosphorus in the archetype cubic Pm n clathrate-I crystal structure of Ba 8 Cu 14.5(3) Ga 1.3 P 30.2(4) with 8.2% Ga/M total . A combination of energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, and single crystal x-ray diffraction was used to determine the structures alongside the compositions. The positional disorder was verified by 31 P solid state NMR spectroscopy. Characterization of the transport properties indicated that the Ga-substituted samples exhibit higher Seebeck coefficients and electrical resistivities compared to its pristine counterpart, in line with the expected reduction of the hole concentration due to Ga/Cu substitution. Moderate improvements in the thermoelectric power factor and overall figure-of-merit were observed for samples with 6.9% and 3.8% Ga/M total as compared to those for the pristine Ba 8 Cu 16 P 30 clathrate. Finally, band structure calculations shed light on how Ga substitution affects the electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of studied clathrates.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1992

The role of spatial attention in visual word processing

Subjects made lexical decisions on a target letter string presented above or below fixation. In Experiments 1 and 2, target location was cued 100 ms in advance of target onset. Responses were faster on validly than on invalidly cued trials. In Experiment 3, the target was sometimes accompanied by irrelevant stimuli on the other side of fixation; in such cases, responses were slowed (a spatial filtering effect). Both cuing and filtering effects on response time were additive with effects of word frequency and lexical status (words vs. nonwords). These findings are difficult to reconcile with claims that spatial attention is less involved in processing familiar words than in unfamiliar words and nonwords. The results can be reconciled with a late-selection locus of spatial attention only with difficulty, but are easily explained by early-selection models.

Mccann, Robert S.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on La8Cu3O16 by Materials Project

La8Cu3O16 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent La3+ sites. In the first La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.79 Å. In the second La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.84 Å. In the third La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.78 Å. In the fourth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.86 Å. In the fifth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.86 Å. In the sixth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.83 Å. In the seventh La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.94 Å. In the eighth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.94 Å. There are four inequivalent Cu+2.67+ sites. In the first Cu+2.67+ site, Cu+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 3°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–2.41 Å. In the second Cu+2.67+ site, Cu+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–3°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.40 Å. In the third Cu+2.67+ site, Cu+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–3°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.40 Å. In the fourth Cu+2.67+ site, Cu+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–2.41 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to four La3+ and two Cu+2.67+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu+2.67+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and one Cu+2.67+ atom to form distorted OLa4Cu square pyramids that share edges with two equivalent OLa4Cu square pyramids and faces with two OLa4Cu2 octahedra. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and one Cu+2.67+ atom to form distorted OLa4Cu square pyramids that share a cornercorner with one OLa4Cu square pyramid, edges with two OLa4Cu2 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent OLa4Cu square pyramids. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five La3+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu+2.67+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu+2.67+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and one Cu+2.67+ atom to form distorted OLa4Cu square pyramids that share edges with two equivalent OLa4Cu square pyramids and faces with two OLa4Cu2 octahedra. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and two Cu+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OLa4Cu2 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent OLa4Cu2 octahedra, edges with two OLa4Cu square pyramids, and faces with two OLa4Cu square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and two Cu+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OLa4Cu2 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent OLa4Cu2 octahedra, edges with two OLa4Cu square pyramids, and faces with two OLa4Cu square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu+2.67+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu+2.67+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five La3+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to four La3+ and two Cu+2.67+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and one Cu+2.67+ atom to form distorted OLa4Cu square pyramids that share a cornercorner with one OLa4Cu square pyramid, edges with two OLa4Cu2 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent OLa4Cu square pyramids. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu+2.67+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on MnCu3(PO4)4 by Materials Project

MnCu3(PO4)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic Pm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mn7+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted MnO6 octahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.25 Å. There are three inequivalent Cu+1.67+ sites. In the first Cu+1.67+ site, Cu+1.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CuO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with four equivalent CuO6 pentagonal pyramids, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.31 Å. In the second Cu+1.67+ site, Cu+1.67+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.86–2.51 Å. In the third Cu+1.67+ site, Cu+1.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CuO6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with four equivalent CuO6 pentagonal pyramids, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.32 Å. There are four inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one MnO6 octahedra, corners with three CuO6 pentagonal pyramids, and an edgeedge with one CuO6 pentagonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 48°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.57 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one MnO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one CuO6 pentagonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 48°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.58 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three CuO6 pentagonal pyramids and an edgeedge with one CuO6 pentagonal pyramid. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.57 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one CuO6 pentagonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 52°. There is two shorter (1.55 Å) and two longer (1.56 Å) P–O bond length. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Mn7+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Cu+1.67+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu+1.67+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu+1.67+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mn7+, one Cu+1.67+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu+1.67+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu+1.67+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Cu+1.67+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Mn7+ and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu+1.67+ and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Mn7+, one Cu+1.67+, and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu+1.67+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CuGe3 by Materials Project

Ge3Cu is Sodium arsenide structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cu is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to eleven Ge atoms. There are a spread of Cu–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.95 Å. There are two inequivalent Ge sites. In the first Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Cu and six Ge atoms. There are three shorter (2.85 Å) and three longer (2.95 Å) Ge–Ge bond lengths. In the second Ge site, Ge is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three equivalent Cu and six equivalent Ge atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnCu2PO9 by Materials Project

Cu2ZnPO9 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Cu sites. In the first Cu site, Cu is bonded to five O atoms to form distorted CuO5 trigonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one ZnO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, and edges with three equivalent CuO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.24 Å. In the second Cu site, Cu is bonded to six O atoms to form CuO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one ZnO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one CuO6 octahedra, and edges with three equivalent CuO5 trigonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.12 Å. Zn is bonded to four O atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CuO6 octahedra, corners with three equivalent PO4 tetrahedra, and a cornercorner with one CuO5 trigonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 64°. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.02 Å. P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CuO6 octahedra, corners with three equivalent ZnO4 tetrahedra, and a cornercorner with one CuO5 trigonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 50°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.60 Å. There are nine inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn and one P atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn and one P atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.26 Å. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two Cu and one O atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Cu atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Cu and one P atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn and one P atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two Cu and one Zn atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Cu atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cu3BO5 by Materials Project

Cu3BO5 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Cu+2.33+ sites. In the first Cu+2.33+ site, Cu+2.33+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing CuO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.42 Å. In the second Cu+2.33+ site, Cu+2.33+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing CuO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.62 Å. In the third Cu+2.33+ site, Cu+2.33+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–2.74 Å. In the fourth Cu+2.33+ site, Cu+2.33+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.86 Å) and two longer (1.94 Å) Cu–O bond length. B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.37 Å) and two longer (1.39 Å) B–O bond length. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four Cu+2.33+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Cu+2.33+ and one B3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Cu+2.33+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing OCu4 tetrahedra. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Cu+2.33+ and one B3+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Cu+2.33+ and one B3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Tl3Cu4As8Pb3S20 by Materials Project

Cu4Tl3Pb3As8S20 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Cu+1.75+ sites. In the first Cu+1.75+ site, Cu+1.75+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form edge-sharing CuS4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.36 Å. In the second Cu+1.75+ site, Cu+1.75+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form edge-sharing CuS4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.36 Å. In the third Cu+1.75+ site, Cu+1.75+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form edge-sharing CuS4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.37 Å. In the fourth Cu+1.75+ site, Cu+1.75+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form edge-sharing CuS4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.37 Å. There are three inequivalent Tl1+ sites. In the first Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight S2- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–S bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.94 Å. In the second Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight S2- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–S bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.77 Å. In the third Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S2- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–S bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.34 Å. There are three inequivalent Pb2+ sites. In the first Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–S bond distances ranging from 2.76–3.47 Å. In the second Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to six S2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–S bond distances ranging from 2.73–3.61 Å. In the third Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to six S2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–S bond distances ranging from 2.69–3.60 Å. There are eight inequivalent As3+ sites. In the first As3+ site, As3+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of As–S bond distances ranging from 2.19–2.41 Å. In the second As3+ site, As3+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.29 Å) and two longer (2.31 Å) As–S bond lengths. In the third As3+ site, As3+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of As–S bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.33 Å. In the fourth As3+ site, As3+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of As–S bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.35 Å. In the fifth As3+ site, As3+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of As–S bond distances ranging from 2.22–2.32 Å. In the sixth As3+ site, As3+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of As–S bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.30 Å. In the seventh As3+ site, As3+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of As–S bond distances ranging from 2.22–2.33 Å. In the eighth As3+ site, As3+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three S2- atoms. There are a spread of As–S bond distances ranging from 2.23–2.35 Å. There are twenty inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Tl1+, one Pb2+, and one As3+ atom. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Cu+1.75+, one Tl1+, two Pb2+, and one As3+ atom. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Cu+1.75+, two Tl1+, and one As3+ atom. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cu+1.75+, one Tl1+, one Pb2+, and one As3+ atom. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Tl1+, one Pb2+, and one As3+ atom. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Pb2+ and two As3+ atoms. In the seventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two Pb2+ and two As3+ atoms. In the eighth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Cu+1.75+, one Tl1+, and one As3+ atom. In the ninth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cu+1.75+, one Tl1+, one Pb2+, and one As3+ atom. In the tenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cu+1.75+, two Tl1+, and one As3+ atom. In the eleventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cu+1.75+, two Pb2+, and one As3+ atom. In the twelfth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cu+1.75+, two Tl1+, one Pb2+, and one As3+ atom. In the thirteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Cu+1.75+, one Tl1+, one Pb2+, and one As3+ atom. In the fourteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Tl1+ and two As3+ atoms. In the fifteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Tl1+ and two As3+ atoms. In the sixteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Tl1+, one Pb2+, and one As3+ atom. In the seventeenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cu+1.75+, two Tl1+, one Pb2+, and one As3+ atom. In the eighteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cu+1.75+, two Pb2+, and one As3+ atom. In the nineteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Cu+1.75+, two Tl1+, and one As3+ atom. In the twentieth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Tl1+, one Pb2+, and one As3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on La8Cu7O19 by Materials Project

La8Cu7O19 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are sixteen inequivalent La3+ sites. In the first La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.78 Å. In the second La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.83 Å. In the third La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.79 Å. In the fourth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.81 Å. In the fifth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.78 Å. In the sixth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.85 Å. In the seventh La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.36–2.79 Å. In the eighth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.36–2.82 Å. In the ninth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.82 Å. In the tenth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–3.01 Å. In the eleventh La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–3.11 Å. In the twelfth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.80 Å. In the thirteenth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.84 Å. In the fourteenth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–3.10 Å. In the fifteenth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–3.00 Å. In the sixteenth La3+ site, La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.82 Å. There are fourteen inequivalent Cu2+ sites. In the first Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.47 Å. In the second Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–3°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.46 Å. In the third Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.68 Å. In the fourth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.70 Å. In the fifth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–3°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.45 Å. In the sixth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.74 Å. In the seventh Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.10 Å. In the eighth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–3°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.46 Å. In the ninth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–3°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.46 Å. In the tenth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.04 Å. In the eleventh Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.03 Å. In the twelfth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–3°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.44 Å. In the thirteenth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–2°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.47 Å. In the fourteenth Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.07 Å. There are thirty-eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu2+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and two equivalent Cu2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, corner, and face-sharing OLa4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and two Cu2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, corner, and face-sharing OLa4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and one Cu2+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and two equivalent Cu2+ atoms to form distorted OLa4Cu2 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent OLa4Cu2 octahedra, corners with two equivalent OLa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one OLa4Cu2 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent OLa4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu2+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four La3+ and two Cu2+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and two Cu2+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two La3+ and four Cu2+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one La3+ and four Cu2+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu2+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu2+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two La3+ and four Cu2+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four La3+ and two Cu2+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one La3+ and four Cu2+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and two equivalent Cu2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, corner, and face-sharing OLa4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and two Cu2+ atoms. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent La3+ and three Cu2+ atoms to form distorted OLa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent OLa4Cu2 octahedra, corners with two equivalent OLa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, and an edgeedge with one OLa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 51–55°. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and two equivalent Cu2+ atoms to form distorted OLa4Cu2 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent OLa4Cu2 octahedra, corners with two equivalent OLa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one OLa4Cu2 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent OLa4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent La3+ and three Cu2+ atoms. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four La3+ and two Cu2+ atoms. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent La3+ and three Cu2+ atoms to form distorted OLa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent OLa4Cu2 octahedra, corners with two equivalent OLa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramids, and an edgeedge with one OLa2Cu3 trigonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 51–55°. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four La3+ and two Cu2+ atoms. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and two equivalent Cu2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, corner, and face-sharing OLa4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent La3+ and three Cu2+ atoms. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu2+ atom. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu2+ atom. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu2+ atom. In the twenty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three La3+ and two Cu2+ atoms. In the thirtieth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and two Cu2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, corner, and face-sharing OLa4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the thirty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and two equivalent Cu2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, corner, and face-sharing OLa4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°. In the thirty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu2+ atom. In the thirty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu2+ atom. In the thirty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu2+ atom. In the thirty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu2+ atom. In the thirty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five La3+ and one Cu2+ atom. In the thirty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and two Cu2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, corner, and face-sharing OLa4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the thirty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four La3+ and two Cu2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, corner, and face-sharing OLa4Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Restructuring of Benzimidazole-Based Copper Complexes during Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction

Copper-based molecular catalysts have been widely used for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (ERCO 2 ). However, establishing a correlation between structure and catalytic performance has been challenging due to the dynamic nature of these materials under ERCO 2 working conditions. Here, we report on the restructuring of the copper complexes [Cu(bzimpy)Cl 2 ] and [Cu(pyrben) 2 (NO 3 )]NO 3 during ERCO 2 in an acidic medium, evidencing its effects on the observed activity, selectivity, and stability. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) suggested that, at sufficiently negative potentials, the Cu 2+ centers of both complexes are reduced to undercoordinated Cu 0 species. Pb underpotential deposition of post-ERCO 2 samples indicated that such Cu 0 species also present a dominant contribution of the (100) domain, which is in line with the high Faradaic efficiency toward C 2 products (∼45%) shown by both complexes at −1.24 V vs RHE. By combining online electrochemical mass spectrometry, in situ XAS, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and quantitative product analysis, we found that [Cu(bzimpy)Cl 2 ] exhibits a partially reversible restructuring, regenerating the main complex moiety, [Cu(bzimpy)] 2+ , and its geometry.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS2002

Characterization of iron, manganese, and copper synthetic hydroxyapatites by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

The incorporation of micronutrients (e.g., Fe, Mn, Cu) into synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA) is proposed for slow release of these nutrients to crops in NASA's Advanced Life Support (ALS) program for long-duration space missions. Separate Fe3+ (Fe-SHA), Mn2+ (Mn-SHA), and Cu2+ (Cu-SHA) containing SHA materials were synthesized by a precipitation method. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to determine the location of Fe3+, Mn2+, and Cu2+ ions in the SHA structure and to identify other Fe(3+)-, Mn(2+)-, and Cu(2+)-containing phases that formed during precipitation. The EPR parameters for Fe3+ (g=4.20 and 8.93) and for Mn2+ (g=2.01, A=9.4 mT, D=39.0 mT and E=10.5 mT) indicated that Fe3+ and Mn2+ possessed rhombic ion crystal fields within the SHA structure. The Cu2+ EPR parameters (g(z)=2.488, A(z)=5.2 mT) indicated that Cu2+ was coordinated to more than six oxygens. The rhombic environments of Fe3+ and Mn2+ along with the unique Cu2+ environment suggested that these metals substituted for the 7 or 9 coordinate Ca2+ in SHA. The EPR analyses also detected poorly crystalline metal oxyhydroxides or metal-phosphates associated with SHA. The Fe-, Mn-, and Cu-SHA materials are potential slow release sources of Fe, Mn, and Cu for ALS and terrestrial cropping systems.

NASA Center JSC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Crystallographic characterization of a tri-Asp metal-binding site at the three-fold symmetry axis of LarE

Detailed crystallographic characterization of a tri-aspartate metal-binding site previously identified on the three-fold symmetry axis of a hexameric enzyme, LarE from Lactobacillus plantarum, was conducted. By screening an array of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent metal ions, we demonstrated that this metal binding site stoichiometrically binds Ca 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Cd 2+ , but not monovalent metal ions, Cr 3+ , Mg 2+ , Y 3+ , Sr 2+ or Ba 2+ . Extensive database searches resulted in only 13 similar metal binding sites in other proteins, indicative of the rareness of tri-aspartate architectures, which allows for engineering such a selective multivalent metal ion binding site into target macromolecules for structural and biophysical characterization.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CuBIr by Materials Project

IrCuB crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fdd2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ir is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent B atoms. There are a spread of Ir–B bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.18 Å. Cu is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent B atoms. There are a spread of Cu–B bond distances ranging from 2.22–2.38 Å. B is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Ir and three equivalent Cu atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on EuCuBi by Materials Project

EuCuBi is hexagonal omega structure-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Eu is bonded to six equivalent Cu and six equivalent Bi atoms to form a mixture of edge and face-sharing EuCu6Bi6 cuboctahedra. All Eu–Cu bond lengths are 3.45 Å. All Eu–Bi bond lengths are 3.45 Å. Cu is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Eu and three equivalent Bi atoms. All Cu–Bi bond lengths are 2.70 Å. Bi is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Eu and three equivalent Cu atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ce3Mn(Al3Cu)8 by Materials Project

Ce3Mn(CuAl3)8 crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ce is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent Cu and twelve Al atoms. All Ce–Cu bond lengths are 3.45 Å. There are eight shorter (3.16 Å) and four longer (3.24 Å) Ce–Al bond lengths. Mn is bonded in a cuboctahedral geometry to twelve Al atoms. All Mn–Al bond lengths are 2.73 Å. Cu is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Ce and three equivalent Al atoms. All Cu–Al bond lengths are 2.53 Å. There are three inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ce, two equivalent Cu, and six Al atoms. There are four shorter (2.73 Å) and two longer (2.77 Å) Al–Al bond lengths. In the second Al site, Al is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to one Ce, one Mn, and eight Al atoms. All Al–Al bond lengths are 2.73 Å. In the third Al site, Al is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to one Ce, one Mn, and eight Al atoms. All Al–Al bond lengths are 2.73 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on YbCuPb by Materials Project

YbCuPb is hexagonal omega structure-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Yb is bonded to six equivalent Cu and six equivalent Pb atoms to form a mixture of edge and face-sharing YbCu6Pb6 cuboctahedra. All Yb–Cu bond lengths are 3.26 Å. All Yb–Pb bond lengths are 3.26 Å. Cu is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Yb and three equivalent Pb atoms. All Cu–Pb bond lengths are 2.72 Å. Pb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Yb and three equivalent Cu atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cu5H8(ClO5)2 by Materials Project

Cu5H4(O4Cl)2(H2O)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of two water molecules and one Cu5H4(O4Cl)2 framework. In the Cu5H4(O4Cl)2 framework, there are four inequivalent Cu+2.80+ sites. In the first Cu+2.80+ site, Cu+2.80+ is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four O2- and one Cl1- atom. There is two shorter (1.82 Å) and two longer (1.93 Å) Cu–O bond length. The Cu–Cl bond length is 2.71 Å. In the second Cu+2.80+ site, Cu+2.80+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.22 Å. In the third Cu+2.80+ site, Cu+2.80+ is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four O2- and two equivalent Cl1- atoms. There is two shorter (1.94 Å) and two longer (1.98 Å) Cu–O bond length. Both Cu–Cl bond lengths are 2.80 Å. In the fourth Cu+2.80+ site, Cu+2.80+ is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four O2- and two equivalent Cl1- atoms. There is two shorter (1.92 Å) and two longer (1.93 Å) Cu–O bond length. Both Cu–Cl bond lengths are 2.83 Å. There are two inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one O2- and one Cl1- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.01 Å. The H–Cl bond length is 1.95 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one O2- and one Cl1- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.01 Å. The H–Cl bond length is 1.93 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Cu+2.80+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Cu+2.80+ and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two equivalent Cu+2.80+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Cu+2.80+ atoms. Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Cu+2.80+ and two H1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗