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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 541 records · Page 30
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

In situ molecular imaging of ion clusters reveals the acid gas capture capacity and mechanism of water-lean ionic liquids

Water-lean solvents are a promising technology for capturing acid gases like carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). In situ liquid time-of-flight secondary ionization mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) is used to study a representative solvent N-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3-morpholinopropan-1-amine (2-EEMPA) with different CO 2 loadings to reveal the complex solvent structure upon CO 2 capture. Characteristic peaks of 2-EEMPA, such as m/z – 215 C 11 H 23 N 2 O 2 – (deprotonated 2-EEMPA) and m/z + 217 C 11 H 25 N 2 O 2 + (protonated 2-EEMPA), are detected due to acid gas uptake. Also, solvent molecules and carboxylate ion pairs, such as m/z – 259 C 12 H 23 N 2 O 4 – [(deprotonated 2-EEMPA∙∙∙CO 2 )] and m/z + 261 C 12 H 25 N 2 O 4 + (protonated 2-EEMPA∙∙∙CO 2 ), are observed. Interestingly, more than one CO 2 molecule can be captured per each solvent molecule as evidenced in SIMS mass spectra, for example, m/z – 321 C 13 H 25 N 2 O 7 – [(deprotonated 2-EEMPA)∙∙∙2CO 2 ∙∙∙H 2 O], m/z + 305 C 13 H 25 N 2 O 4 + [(protonated 2-EEMPA)∙∙∙2CO 2 ], m/z – 389 C 17 H 29 N 2 O 8 – [(deprotonated 2-EEMPA)∙∙∙3CO 2 ∙∙∙3CH 2 ], and m/z + 373 C 16 H 25 N 2 O 8 + [(protonated 2-EEMPA)∙∙∙3CO 2 ∙∙∙2C]. However, the monomer of 2-EEMPA and CO 2 seems to be most prevalent. Furthermore, solvent clusters are detected in loaded solvents, for instance m/z + 433 C 22 H 49 N 4 O 4 + [(2-EEMPA)2∙∙∙H] and m/z + 646 [(2-EEMPA) 3 -2H], while capturing CO 2 at different amounts. Relative abundance of cluster ions provides a semi-qualitative venue to assess the free energies of gas capture energetics, indicating the relative stability trend within the same solvent system, previously impossible. These observed ion clusters are verified with molecular modeling, where dimer, trimer, and cluster ions are validated for their presence either due to weak molecular interactions or hydrogen bonds. In situ molecular imaging of ionic liquids and molecular modeling reveals that the acid gas capture mechanism by ionic liquids includes both physical adsorption and chemical bonding with multiple reaction pathways, engaging cluster formation and alteration of solvent structures.

Acid gas capture↗
DOE OSTI2025

Capacity optimization of nuclear power integration to meet dynamic industrial demand

To decarbonize their industrial facilities, The Dow Chemical Company has collaborated with Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to study the integration of nuclear power with an industrial chemical facility. Using Holistic Energy and Resource Optimization Network developed at INL for optimizing and analyzing integrated energy systems, a nuclear microreactor system was sized and evaluated for dynamic dispatch to Dow Silicones Corporation’s Carrollton, KY (USA) site for iloxane production. It was found that a 180 MW th system (12 × 15MW th ) with 75.1 MWh th of thermal energy storage could provide heat and power to the chemical facilities. In the process, this would reduce electricity imports by 99.9 % and reduce the Scope 1 and 2 emissions of the site by 292,100 tonnes CO 2 /yr (98.8 %). The primary novelty of this work is a first of a kind design and optimization of a microreactor powered integrated energy system to provide heat and power to a chemical plant using real plant data. This analysis will pave the way for future studies using dispatchable clean energy sources to reduce carbon emissions and commodity industries’ reliance on fossil fuels.

22 - GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Influence of alkali-silica reaction on the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams with minimum transverse reinforcement

A growing number of critical concrete infrastructure are affected by alkali-silica reaction (ASR) damage such as the Seabrook Nuclear Power Plant in New Hampshire, Parker arch-gravity dam in Arizona, and several highway bridges in California and Texas. ASR causes expansion and cracking and degrades the concrete mechanical properties. Despite a wealth of material level studies there is still limited large-scale experimental data regarding the effects of ASR on reinforced concrete (RC) members. Due to the brittle nature of the shear failure in RC structures, this study focuses on the shear response of full-scale ASR damaged RC beams with minimum shear reinforcement. Six RC beams were built with different levels of ASR susceptibility and conditioned in different environments during which continuous expansion monitoring was performed. The beams all contained reactive fine aggregate (sand) and two of them had additional alkali, 1.25% by weight of cement, to accelerate ASR. The highest expansion rate of the beams happened during the first 150 days and the expansions stayed constant after 240 days and 330 days for beams conditioned in outdoor and laboratory conditions, respectively, until the last measurement at 575 days. The highest expansion, 0.4%, was seen in the beams with additional alkali and conditioned outside with regular water spray. Out of the six beams, three were selected at different levels of ASR damage and two shear tests were performed on the minimally reinforced spans close to the ends of each beam. Results indicated that beams gain shear strength from ongoing cement hydration in the presence of moisture for ASR expansions less than 0.2%. Compared to one of the beams with 0.2% ASR expansion, one of the other samples with 0.4% expansion lost 6% of its shear strength, 25% of its shear stiffness, and showed about two times larger shear cracks and shear deformations at peak load. Finally, the shear reinforcement yielded at 20% less load in the beam with 0.4% expansion compared to the beam with 0.2% expansion.

42 ENGINEERING↗