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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 541 records · Page 30
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Basic research in meteorology and atmospheric physics

A survey is reported of methods for sounding the atmospheric temperature profile by remote measurements. The emphasis for this period was placed on sounding in the microwave region of the spectrum, sounding in cloudy atmosphere, and measuring sea temperatures remotely. Summaries of the research in the following areas are included: orbital detection of stratospheric aerosols, monthly precipitation charts for the world, determining planetary cloud structure by remote polarization measurement, analysis of Mariner 6 and 7 multicolor photometric photographs of Mars, and techniques for photometric detection of extrasolar planets.

Opstbaum, R.↗
NASA NTRS1972

On the fundamental importance of the social psychology of research as a basic paradigm for the philosophy of science: A philosophical case study of the psychology of the Apollo moon scientists

A combined philosophical and social psychological study of over 40 of the Apollo moon Scientists reveals that the Orthodox or Received View of Scientific Theories is found wanting in several respects: (1) observations are not theory-free; (2) scientific observations are not directly observable; and (3) observations are no less problematic than theories. The study also raises some severe criticisms of distinction between the context of discovery and the context of justification. Not only does this distinction fail to describe the actual practice of science but even more important it has the dangerous effect of excluding some of the strongest lines of evidence which could most effectively challenge the distinction. The distinction is harmful of efforts to found interdisciplinary theories and philosophies of science.

Mitroff, I. I.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Basic forest cover mapping using digitized remote sensor data and automated data processing techniques

Remote sensing equipment and automatic data processing techniques were employed as aids in the institution of improved forest resource management methods. On the basis of automatically calculated statistics derived from manually selected training samples, the feature selection processor of LARSYS selected, upon consideration of various groups of the four available spectral regions, a series of channel combinations whose automatic classification performances (for six cover types, including both deciduous and coniferous forest) were tested, analyzed, and further compared with automatic classification results obtained from digitized color infrared photography.

Coggeshall, M. E.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Basic Economic Principles

An economic approach to design efficient transportation systems involves maximizing an objective function that reflects both goals and costs. A demand curve can be derived by finding the quantities of a good that solve the maximization problem as one varies the price of that commodity, holding income and the prices of all other goods constant. A supply curve is derived by applying the idea of profit maximization of firms. The production function determines the relationship between input and output.

Tideman, T. N.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Basic Transportation Economics

Transportation economics is an integral part of all transportation activities. Refined, detailed, and careful economic analyses consider conduct-performance methodology and the specifications of production, cost and demand functions.

Kneafsey, J. T.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Basic Rate Making

The manner in which the rates charged by airlines are determined is explained. The topics include: (1) the determination of a fair rate of return, (2) the rate base, (3) allowable expenses, (4) load factors, and (5) seating configurations.

Vittek, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Basic flow characteristics of a linear aerospike nozzle segment.

The separated base flow region within a linear aerospike nozzle segment is investigated experimentally in an ejector-diffuser system. The nozzle-diffuser system and base pressure characteristics are described over the pressure ratio range from the 'open wake' to the 'closed wake' operation. Schlieren photographs and static pressure distributions along the test section centerline and top contour describe the transition from 'open wake' to 'closed wake' flow fields. Base pressure and static pressure distributions are utilized to present the effects of a ramp diffuser. The effects of base bleed on the base pressure ratio and structure of the nozzle flow field are also presented.

Mueller, T. J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Fatigue and fracture basic research at the Langley Research Center.

This paper gives some examples of projects underway. The projects are grouped according to the primary parameter being studied: loads, configuration, environment, or material. Significant topics include the effect of truncated loads, the effect of proof-tests, interference fasteners, accelerated and real-time tests for supersonic aircraft materials, crack-growth rates in built-up structures, and a model method by which material can be selected for a particular set of operating conditions.

Davidson, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Basic principles of remote sensing

Forty eight selected bibliographic references dealing with the remote sensing of the environment are given. Emphasis was placed on data that deal with fundamental aspects and principles of the technique.

Clapp, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Basic failure mechanisms in advanced composites

The fundamental failure mechanisms which result from the interaction of thermal cycling and mechanical loading of carbon-epoxy composites were studied. This work was confined to epoxy resin uniderictionally reinforced with HTS carbon fibers, and consists of first identifying local fiber, matrix and interface failure mechanisms using the model composite specimen containing a small number of fibers so that optical techniques can be used for characterization. After the local fracture process has been established for both mechanical loading and thermal cycling, engineering composite properties and gross fracture modes are then examined to determine how the local events contribute to real composite performance. Flexural strength in high fiber content specimens shows an increase in strength with increased thermal cycling. Similar behavior is noted for 25 v/o material up to 200 cycles; however, there is a drastic reduction after 200 cycles indicating a major loss of integrity probably through the accumulation of local cleavage cracks in the tensile region.

Mazzio, V. F.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Basic performance of a multilayer insulation system containing 20 to 160 layers

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the thermal effectiveness of an aluminized Mylar-silk net insulation system containing up to 160 layers. The experimentally measured heat flux was compared with results predicted by using (1) a previously developed semi-empirical equation and (2) an effective-thermal-conductivity value. All tests were conducted at a nominal hot-boundary temperature of 294 K (530 R) with liquid hydrogen as the heat sink. The experimental results show that the insulation performed as expected and that both the semi-empirical equation and effective thermal conductivity of a small number of layers were adequate in predicting the thermal performance of a large number of layers of insulation.

Stochl, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Interferometric methods for measurement of ultrasonic wave velocity: Classification, characteristics and basic defects

Interferometric methods may be considered to include all methods in which the time necessary for a signal to pass through a medium is determined on the basis of the period of oscillation of which the signal consists, while the distance is determined by noting the coincidence between (1) interference between the measured signal and its reflection and ultrasonic interference, or between another signal serving as a reference and electrical interference in the electronic part of the device. In general, all interferometric methods are relatively simple and permit a high degree of accuracy. Theoretically 48 different variations may be distinguished, about 30 of which are capable of practical application. For liquids, where transverse waves do not exist, the number of possible variations is limited to 40, assuming that absolute velocity measurement is desired.

Kozlowski, Z.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Basic research and data analysis for the National Geodetic Satellite Program and for the Earth and Ocean Physics Application Program

Accomplishments in the continuing programs are reported. The data were obtained in support of the following broad objectives: (1) to provide a precise and accurate geometric description of the earth's surface; (2) to provide a precise and accurate mathematical description of the earth's gravitational field; and (3) to determine time variations of the geometry of the ocean surface, the solid earth, the gravity field, and other geophysical parameters.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1974

Reinterpretation of Mariner 9 IRIS data on the basics of a simulation of radiative-conductive transfer in the dust-laden Martian atmosphere

A reinterpretation of the convective heat transport concept is presented for the IRIS measurements as an essential energy transfer mechanism. Thermal convection in a radiatively heated ground atmosphere system is discussed along with CO2 sublimation and diffusion from the Martian polar ice cap. A systematic reappraisal of the existing model is also included.

Pallmann, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Basic research and data analysis for the national geodetic satellite program and for the earth and ocean physics applications program

Activities related to the National Geodetic Satellite Program are reported and include a discussion of Ohio State University's OSU275 set of tracking station coordinates and transformation parameters, determination of network distortions, and plans for data acquisition and processing. The problems encountered in the development of the LAGEOS satellite are reported in an account of activities related to the Earth and Ocean Physics Applications Program. The LAGEOS problem involves transmission and reception of the laser pulse designed to make accurate determinations of the earth's crustal and rotational motions. Pulse motion, ephemeris, arc range measurements, and accuracy estimates are discussed in view of the problem. Personnel involved in the two programs are also listed, along with travel activities and reports published to date.

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