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DOE OSTI2020

A Non-Invasive Approach for Elucidating the Spatial Distribution of In Situ Stress in Deep Subsurface Geologic Formations Considered for CO 2 Storage (Task 2 Report Extracting Stress Data from Seismic Data)

This report describes research accomplishments achieved with funding provided through Department of Energy (DOE) Contract DE-FE0031686. The purpose of this DOE funding is to develop methods that can provide key information about stress fields that act on deep rocks without invading the earth to acquire that information. The research objective was to demonstrate methods that extract the azimuth directions of SHmax and SHmin stress in deep rocks from traditional seismic reflection data like the data that are used to explore for deep oil and gas reservoirs. Battelle performed two seismic investigations and achieved estimates of SHmax and SHmin azimuths in both efforts that agreed with local, non-seismic, ground-truth measurements of SHmax orientation. The first procedure utilized vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data; the second effort utilized three-dimensional (3D) seismic data.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Using Natural Gas Liquids to Recover Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources (Final Report)

This document presents final technical findings for the project Using Natural Gas Liquids to Recover Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources (FE0031782). The project is part of the U.S. Department of Energy Oil and Gas Program to develop and advance technologies that can significantly improve the recovery efficiencies of unconventional oil and gas resources. The overall objective of this project is to improve the ultimate recovery from unconventional oil and gas (UOG) resources in the United States by developing a method for using unrefined natural gas liquids (NGLs) as treatment fluids to improve hydrocarbon production. Horizontal extended-lateral drilling coupled with high volume hydraulic fracturing has significantly increased production from UOG resources in the U.S. However, the recovery efficiency is low compared to the estimated oil and gas in place. Recent data indicate that less than 10% of the oil in the liquid-rich UOG reservoirs is produced. Alternative completion methods using NGLs could increase production (Battelle, 2016; Wan et al., 2013; Wan, 2013; Downey et al, 2021); however, field validation tests are needed to develop an approach that is economical, efficient, and compatible in the UOG setting to advance towards commercial deployment. This project aims to develop and field test a method to improve recovery of oil resources in UOG shale plays by using Y-Grade NGLs, or a similar combination of NGLs, as treatment fluids. Refined NGLs have been used as a hydraulic treatment fluid in UOG plays for decades and are shown to be particularly effective because their miscibility with oil allows oil to flow more freely; however, the use of Y-Grade (unrefined) NGLs has not been studied. The use of Y-Grade NGLs would be advantageous over refined NGLs because Y-Grade NGLs do not require infrastructure or investment in refining and are already being produced from many UOG reservoirs. The concept was tested and monitored in the field at a commercial well site owned by project partner Hopco, Ltd. The project team, which consists of multiple oil and gas operators, Linde Gas North America LLC (Linde) and the Ohio Division of Geological Survey (ODGS), has extensive experience with oil and gas production in the Appalachian basin and the ability to work together quickly to solve technical issues and research needs. A key part of the proposed work was the use of existing wells for field testing and monitoring. A total of four wells (three vertical and one horizontal) were available for this project. One of the vertical wells was utilized as the test well for the NGL treatment test. A nearby vertical well was used for microseismic monitoring. The remaining vertical well and the horizontal well provided a baseline for typical UOG production in the oil window of the Utica/Point Pleasant (UPP). Major technical tasks of the project include characterization of the geotechnical properties of the UPP with an emphasis on the field site; design and planning for the NGLs testing; field testing and monitoring; analysis and integration of field data; and economic and resource/reserve assessment. The Shoman monitoring well and Doughty NGL treatment well were successfully plugged back during September-October 2020 in preparation for treatment and monitoring. A nitrogen diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT) was completed on the Doughty well on July 22, 2021, consisting of 133,000 scf (91 Bbl.) of nitrogen. A nitrogen foam frac was completed in the Utica-Point Pleasant interval on August 17, 2021 with funding from outside sources. A microseismic monitoring array was installed in the Shoman well and monitored microseismic activity during the Doughty well frac job. Y-Grade NGL injection commenced on August 26, 2021. A total of 215 Bbl. was injected but the job was shut down due to a small leak on the suction hose on the pump truck. The Y-Grade treatment resumed on August 27, 2021 and an additional 726 Bbl. of Y-Grade NGL was injected at a well head pressure of 3850 psi. Total volume of injected Y-Grade over the two days of injection was 941 Bbl. The well was shut-in for 17 days following injection to allow the Y-Grade NGLs to soak on the formation. Y-Grade treatment flow back commenced on 9/13/2021 on a weekly basis. Production data, including surface pressures, oil, nitrogen, natural gas, and flow times was measured and recorded. Periodic gas samples were collected and analyzed to determine composition of flowback gas. As of July 2022, the treatment well had produced 726 Bbl of oil and 2,888 mcf gas. In August 2022, tubing and packer in the well were removed and a pump was installed to enhance oil recovery. Currently, the operator is producing the well about 2 days a week for a few hours. The performance of the NGL treatment test was evaluated based on reservoir simulations of the treatment process, processing of well testing data, analysis of micro seismic monitoring data, and production data analysis. This analysis suggested that oil production in the small test would continue through 2025. Upscaling the treatment to a horizontal Utica Point-Pleasant well would allow more oil recovery, but the process would involve more investment, services, and operational support. An economic analysis was conducted for scenarios aimed at upscaling the NGL treatment process for more typical horizontal UPP wells in the Appalachian Basin.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2022

Natrium Demonstration Reactor Support [Abstract]

TerraPower, LLC (TerraPower, Participant) and other private industry partners endeavor to design, license, construct, and operate a sodium-cooled fast-spectrum nuclear reactor technology demonstration plant called Natrium. This demonstration plant is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program (ARDP; DE-FOA-0002271). TerraPower, together with its technology co-developer GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH) and engineering and construction partner Bechtel, submitted a proposal under the program’s Advanced Reactor Demonstration Pathway for its Natrium reactor and energy system and recently received an award. TerraPower is partnering with Battelle Memorial Institute, the Management and Operating Contractor of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL, Contractor) under the Natrium project to provide critical research outcomes necessary to demonstrate the reactor technology. Over the expected five-year timeframe of the project, PNNL will provide TerraPower and its partners with vital support in the areas of post-irradiation examination (PIE) of specimens irradiated in test reactors. These efforts will be combined and managed as a program titled “Natrium Demonstration Reactor Support.”

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Recommendations to Improve the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Reactor Licensing and Approval Process

Due to the urgency around climate change and associated goals for clean energy transition, and Battelle Energy Alliance's (BEA) and Idaho National Laboratory's (INL) role as the nation's nuclear energy laboratory, numerous stakeholders have asked for BEA’s thoughts and recommendations to reduce the time and costs associated with licensing new reactors at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). As an M&O contractor for an FFRDC, BEA is a long-term partner with the Government in seeking to achieve clean energy goals, yet has a level of independence needed to appropriately evaluate this topic. The views herein are informed by extensive BEA experience supporting nuclear energy endeavors including ongoing discussions with current and former regulators, applicants, and licensees. With this background in mind, the United States benefits from having an agency such as the NRC, which is viewed internationally as the leader in nuclear safety licensing and regulation. Nonetheless, while acknowledging the important nuclear safety role satisfied by the NRC, it is apparent that one of the most significant time and resource intensive activities for new reactor developers is the NRC licensing process. The time and cost to obtain NRC licenses add significant financial stress for new reactor projects and may result in abandonment of projects or failure to even begin new projects. The challenge is particularly acute for advanced reactors which may raise unique or new regulatory questions and may be smaller in size, resulting in a much higher proportional impact from regulatory and cost challenges. This situation presents a particularly troublesome risk for the nation given the urgency in which utilities are working to transition to clean, non-carbon-emitting energy sources like nuclear energy. Reforms to the NRC licensing process have the potential to greatly increase certainty and support the successful progress of new reactors. The NRC can retain its world-class nuclear safety reputation while becoming a world leader for regulatory efficiency and a critical enabler to the clean energy transition. This report describes potential NRC reforms, focusing on those with a statutory connection. Recognizing the potential tradeoffs with any proposed changes, the report attempts to highlight those considerations in the analysis of the reforms. The recommendations are presented as a set of options for consideration. Unless noted, they are independent options, offering stakeholders the option to select a subset for further consideration. Although difficult to calculate precise time improvements for some of the changes, the reforms have the potential for substantial improvements, perhaps even by a factor of two.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Economic Impact of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory on the State of Washington in Fiscal Year 2019

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is known for its impressive record of scientific and technical contributions to the nation. But you may not know that we are also one of Washington State’s most important economic contributors. PNNL and its operator, Battelle, have an enduring commitment to the health and growth of Washington State and our local community. When economic impact and scientific innovation converge, the results are impressive. We invite you to read more about PNNL’s economic impact in FY 2019 and the details behind these impressive figures in the full report, located at https://www.pnnl.gov/economic-impact.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Marine Sciences Laboratory Radionuclide Air Emissions Report for Calendar Year 2018

The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (DOE-SC) Pacific Northwest Site Office has oversight and stewardship duties associated with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Marine Sciences Laboratory (MSL), located on Battelle Land-Sequim. The facility has two buildings with the potential to emit low levels of radioactive materials. This report is prepared to document compliance with the Code of Federal Regulation, Title 40, Protection of the Environment, Part 61, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, Subpart H, “National Emission Standards for Emissions of Radionuclides Other than Radon from Department of Energy Facilities” and Washington Administrative Code Chapter 246-247, Radiation Protection–Air Emissions. Compliance is indicated by comparing the estimated effective dose equivalent (EDE) to the maximally exposed individual (MEI) with the 10 millirem per year (mrem/yr) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard. The MSL has only fugitive emissions sources. Despite the fact that the regulations are intended for application to point source emissions, fugitive emissions are included with regard to complying with the EPA standard. The EDE to the MSL MEI due to routine operations in 2018 was 4.5E-04 mrem (4.5E-06 mSv). No non-routine emissions occurred in 2018. The MSL is in compliance with the federal and state 10 mrem/yr standard.

40 CFR 61 Subpart H↗
DOE OSTI2023

Oak Ridge National Laboratory Annual Sustainability Report 2023

ORNL, managed under contract by UT-Battelle LLC, is DOE’s largest science and energy laboratory and, as such, executes the widest range of mission capabilities. Diverse expertise spans a broad range of scientific and engineering disciplines, enabling research and science achievements to accelerate the delivery of solutions to the marketplace. ORNL supports DOE’s national missions of scientific discovery, clean energy, and security. To execute these activities, ORNL has grown significantly over 80 years of continuous operations, consisting of facilities with commissioning dates ranging from the 1940s to the present—an extraordinary set of distinctive scientific facilities and equipment. The complexities of such a variety of facilities require teamwork among divisions, a wide variety of conservation projects, and creative strategies to achieve the desired energy and water savings. Such a diverse and unique set of major facilities, totaling over 5.5 million square feet, with 6,000 employees, requires an innovative plan to accomplish advancements in operational efficiencies. ORNL is tasked with the management of an extraordinary set of distinctive scientific facilities and equipment for DOE. ORNL is mission-driven, and its mission has grown substantially over the decades. ORNL’s core research capabilities provide broad science and technology support for DOE in the areas of energy, environment, and national security. Currently, ORNL is a world leader in materials, neutron, and nuclear science and engineering, and in high-performance computing and data analytics. ORNL’s vast portfolio of research facilities must be maintained and carefully upgraded to protect the nation’s investment in scientific analysis. The goal of sustainable and resilient operations is to enable more effective execution of ORNL’s science and technology mission. Sustainable operational practices and enhanced resilience strive for excellent results while remaining diligent in energy conservation, environmental stewardship, asset management, and community engagement. The Sustainable ORNL Program (Sustainable ORNL) Continuous improvements in operational and business processes must be integrated into the fabric of the ORNL culture to maximize the return from the investment made in modernizing facilities and equipment. The Sustainable ORNL program promotes the legacy of system-wide best practices, management commitment, and employee engagement that will lead ORNL into a future of efficient, resilient, and sustainable operations. ORNL leadership and Sustainable ORNL champions receive regular status reports on the progress of each project and focus area (i.e., roadmap) and periodic summary reports. More information can be found at the program’s website. The Sustainable ORNL roadmap structure endorses 15 vital roadmaps. The figure below summarizes the current project assignments and demonstrates that each project contributes to the wellbeing of the whole. Continuous employee engagement and regular status reports confirm the ideals of the program. The roadmap structure is not static; as the science mission advances and the needs of the organization evolve, the Sustainable ORNL roadmap structure elements are modified to align with developing priorities. In 2022, Sustainable ORNL made roadmap changes to better align ORNL to support new federal requirements that have been issued.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Research Technology Laboratory (RTL) Disposition Program Final Status Survey Report

As part of the Battelle Facility Restoration Program (Smoter and Biebesheimer 2017), the Research Technology Laboratory (RTL) Complex was remediated through demolition and surveyed to show it meets the radiological release criteria for unrestricted use under the clearance process (DOE 2011). The restoration program has directed the implementation of the Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) methodology (NRC 2011) to verify the suitability of the site to be released for unrestricted use under the clearance process in U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Order 458.1 (Biebesheimer 2018a; DOE 2011). The use of MARSSIM is accepted by federal and state agencies, including DOE. This report documents how the MARSSIM process was used to assure any residual radioactivity is within acceptable levels and as low as reasonably achievable. Past land use for the RTL Complex property included agricultural, residential, and industrial activity. The historical site assessment (HSA) (Lindenmeier et al. 2015; Biebesheimer 2018b) identified use of radionuclides in past RTL Complex research and development activities from commissioning in 1966 until it was vacated in 2017. Based on the information provided in the HSA, the RTL Complex was delineated into six survey units. The 520 building footprint, tank vault and 530 building footprint, other building footprints, and pipeline survey units included excavated areas. The paved areas and open areas survey units were unexcavated areas. Survey units were all determined to be Class 3, with low probability of containing residual radioactivity, after demolition of the structures within the RTL Complex. The Research Technology Laboratory (RTL) Disposition Program: Final Status Survey Plan (Bunn et al. 2018) was designed and conducted to provide quantitative data regarding the residual radioactivity present in each survey unit. Authorized radiological release limits were developed and approved by the DOE Office of Science in December 2016 (DOE 2017). Fourteen random sample locations were identified within each survey unit. Forty-four specific judgmental sample locations were selected across the site based on information in the HSA. The number of sample locations within a survey unit ranged from 15 to 28, for a total of 127 random and judgmental sample locations identified across the RTL Complex. Sampling for the final status survey occurred over 12 days between November 11 and December 7, 2018. Laboratory results were independently validated by Analytical Quality Associates prior to evaluation. All of the over 880 residual radioactivity measurements were less than the release limits and action levels established through the RTL Disposition Program. A sum of fractions calculation for each survey unit resulted in values that were less than unity. Based on the results presented in this report, the restoration program recommends that the RTL Complex be released for unrestricted use.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

2022 Site Environmental Report (SER)

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is managed on behalf of the Department of Energy (DOE) by Brookhaven Science Associates (BSA), a partnership between Stony Brook University and Battelle, and six core universities: Columbia, Cornell, Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Princeton, and Yale. For over 75 years, the Laboratory has played a lead role in the DOE Science and Technology mission and continues to contribute to the DOE’s missions in energy resources, environmental quality, and national security. BNL manages its world-class scientific research operations with sensitivity to environmental issues and community concerns. The Laboratory’s Environmental, Safety, Security, and Health (ESSH) Policy reflects the commitment of BNL’s management to fully integrate environmental stewardship into all facets of its mission and operations. BNL prepares an annual Site Environmental Report (SER) in accordance with DOE Order 231.1B, Environment, Safety, and Health Reporting. The report is written to inform the public, regulators, employees, and other stakeholders of the Laboratory’s environmental performance during the calendar year in review. Volume I of the SER summarizes environmental data; environmental management performance; compliance with applicable DOE, federal, state, and local regulations; and performance in restoration and surveillance monitoring programs. BNL has prepared annual SERs since 1971 and has documented nearly all its environmental history since the Laboratory’s inception in 1947. Volume II of the SER, the Groundwater Status Report, is also prepared annually to report on the status of groundwater protection and restoration efforts. Volume II includes detailed technical summaries of groundwater data and treatment system operations and is intended for regulators and other technically oriented stakeholders. A summary of the information contained in Volume II is included in Chapter 7, Groundwater Protection, of this volume.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Idaho National Laboratory’s FY 2021 Greenhouse Gas Report

A greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory is a systematic approach to account for the production and release of certain gases generated by an institution from various emission sources. The gases of interest are those that climate science has identified as related to anthropogenic global climate change. This document presents an inventory of GHGs generated during Fiscal Year (FY) 2021 by Idaho National Laboratory (INL)—a Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored entity located in southeastern Idaho. In recent years, concern has grown about the environmental impact of GHGs. This, together with a desire to decrease harmful environmental impacts, would be enough to encourage the calculation of an inventory of the total GHGs generated at INL. Additionally, INL has a desire to see how its emissions compare with similar institutions, including other DOE national laboratories. Executive Order 13834 requires that federal agencies and institutions track and report GHG emissions where required. INL’s GHG inventory was calculated according to methodologies identified in federal GHG guidance documents using operational control boundaries. It measures emissions generated in three scopes: (1) INL emissions produced directly by stationary or mobile combustion and by fugitive emissions, (2) the share of emissions generated by entities from which INL purchased electrical power, and (3) indirect or shared emissions generated by outsourced activities that benefit INL (occurring outside INL’s organizational boundaries but are a consequence of INL’s activities). This inventory found that INL generated 81,185.05 metric tons (MT) of CO 2 equivalent (CO 2 e) emissions during FY 2021. The following conclusions were made from looking at the results of the individual contributors to INL’s FY 2021 GHG inventory: Electricity (including the associated transmission and distribution losses) is the largest contributor to INL’s GHG inventory, with over 50% of the CO 2 e emissions; Other sources with high emissions were mobile combustion (fleet fuels), employee commuting, stationary combustion (facility fuels), and waste disposal (fugitive emissions from the onsite landfill); Sources with low emissions were waste disposal (contracted disposal), fugitive emissions from refrigerants, wastewater treatment (onsite and contracted), and business ground travel (in personal and rental vehicles). This report details the methods behind quantifying INL’s GHG inventory and discusses lessons learned on better practices by which information important to tracking GHGs can be tracked and recorded. It is important to note that because this report differentiates between those portions of INL that are managed and operated by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC (BEA) and those managed by other contractors, it includes only INL’s activities overseen by BEA. It is assumed that other contractors will provide similar reporting for those activities they manage, where appropriate.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2023

Idaho National Laboratory’s FY 22 Greenhouse Gas Report

A greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory is a systematic approach to account for the production and release of certain gases generated by an institution from various emission sources. The gases of interest are those that climate science has identified as related to anthropogenic global climate change. This document presents an inventory of GHGs generated during fiscal year (FY) 2022 by Idaho National Laboratory (INL)—a Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored entity located in southeastern Idaho. In recent years, concern has grown about the environmental impact of GHGs. This, together with a desire to decrease harmful environmental impacts, would be enough to encourage the calculation of an inventory of the total GHGs generated at INL. Additionally, INL has a desire to see how its emissions compare with similar institutions, including other DOE national laboratories. Executive Order 14057 requires that federal agencies and institutions track and report GHG emissions where required. INL’s GHG inventory was calculated according to methodologies identified in federal GHG guidance documents using operational control boundaries. It measures emissions generated in three scopes: (1) INL emissions produced directly by stationary or mobile combustion and by fugitive emissions, (2) the share of emissions generated by entities from which INL purchased electrical power, and (3) indirect or shared emissions generated by outsourced activities that benefit INL (occurring outside INL’s organizational boundaries, but are a consequence of INL’s activities). This inventory found that INL generated 75,572.42 metric tons (MT) of CO2 equivalent (CO2e) emissions during FY 2022. The following conclusions were made from looking at the results of the individual contributors to INL’s FY 2022 GHG inventory: • Electricity (including the associated transmission and distribution losses) is the largest contributor to INL’s GHG inventory, with over 50% of the CO2e emissions. • Other sources with high emissions were mobile combustion (fleet fuels), employee commuting, stationary combustion (facility fuels), and waste disposal (fugitive emissions from the onsite landfill). • Sources with low emissions were waste disposal (contracted disposal), fugitive emissions from refrigerants, wastewater treatment (onsite and contracted), and business ground travel (in personal and rental vehicles). This report details the methods behind quantifying INL’s GHG inventory and discusses lessons learned on better practices by which information important to tracking GHGs can be tracked and recorded. It is important to note that because this report differentiates between those portions of INL that are managed and operated by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC (BEA) and those managed by other contractors, it includes only INL’s activities overseen by BEA. It is assumed that other contractors will provide similar reporting for those activities they manage, where appropriate.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Integrated Risk-Informed Condition Based Maintenance Capability and Automated Platform: Technical Report 1

Due to continuing global energy market trends, driven heavily by the abundant preserves of natural gas, there is an immediate need to reduce costs associated with operation and maintenance (O&M) for the current domestic nuclear power industry and for future reactor developments. This is to ensure that nuclear power generation remains an economically competitive and viable option in the energy market. O&M costs include labor-intensive preventive maintenance (PM) programs, which involve manually-performed inspection, calibration, testing, and maintenance of plant assets at periodic frequency and time-based replacement of assets, irrespective of their condition. This has resulted in an expensive, labor-centric business model to achieve high capacity factors. Fortunately, there are technologies (advanced sensors, data analytics, and risk assessment methodologies) that can enable the transition from a labor-centric business model to a technology-centric business model. The technology-centric business model will result in a significant reduction of PM activities, laying the foundation for real-time condition assessment of plant assets, reducing overall labor and part costs. To enable this transition, PKMJ Technical Services LLC is partnering with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Idaho National Laboratory (operated by the Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC) and the Public Services Enterprise Group (PSEG) Nuclear, LLC in the Integrated Risk-Informed Condition-Based Maintenance Capability and Automated Platform Project. In this report, the configuration of a digital cloud platform using Microsoft Azure is discussed, data from the PSEG Salem Nuclear Generating Station Units 1 & 2 are imported into a digital cloud platform, and the data is used for an evaluation of several key areas: cost impact analysis, risk-informed model development, and preventive maintenance strategy optimization. First, the cost impact analysis reviews which plant assets are potential good candidates for condition-based monitoring. Next, INL utilized the data in their local environment to develop the risk-informed model; which provides estimates of failure rates and probability of failures of assets based upon their past performance. The developed model is performed on assets selected from the cost impact analysis. Lastly, engineers assess the preventive maintenance strategy for the selected assets at PSEG against maintenance strategies in the nuclear industry for similar assets to potentially identify acceptable justification for the extension of current maintenance frequencies.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Historic Architectural Resource Survey of the Dosimetry Applications Research (DOSAR) Facility in the 7700 Area of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory

In May 2022, Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc., completed a historic architectural resource survey of buildings associated with the Dosimetry Applications Research Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The laboratory is one of three Department of Energy facilities located on the Oak Ridge Reservation in Roane and Anderson Counties, Tennessee. The Dosimetry Applications Research Facility is located approximately 2 mi southeast of the main Oak Ridge National Laboratory campus. The survey included Buildings 7709, 7710, and 7712, which date to the 1960s. An additional DOSAR building (Building 7735) dates to the late 1980s and was not surveyed since it is outside the period of significance. The survey was conducted at the request of UT-Battelle, LLC, on behalf of the Department of Energy. As stipulated by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, the Department of Energy is required to identify any properties under its jurisdiction that are included in or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. In order to identify historic properties at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in 2017–2018 Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc., conducted a survey of the main campus as well as outlying facilities, publishing the findings in a 2018 report entitled Oak Ridge National Laboratory Historic Architectural Resource Survey. At the time of the 2017–2018 survey, buildings associated with the Dosimetry Applications Research Facility were not accessible for security reasons and the current report serves as an addendum to the 2018 report. In addition, the current survey incorporates information included in a documentation report on Building 7709 completed in 2019. The properties included in the current survey were also evaluated for their collective potential as a historic district. The identification of archaeological properties that are eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places is beyond the scope of this report. Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc., recommends that none of the buildings surveyed for the current report are individually eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. However, the collective of buildings represents a facility that made notable contributions to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s scientific research endeavors from the 1960s to the 1980s, specifically in the field of Health Physics. The buildings and their associated features have also maintained their integrity of setting, materials, design, location, and association. Therefore, Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc., proposes the Dosimetry Applications Research Facility Historic District, which is recommended eligible for listing under Criterion A. The three buildings addressed in the current survey (Buildings 7709, 7710, and 7712) are recommended eligible as contributing resources of the historic district. The district boundary is scribed to incorporate the environs of these three facilities, as well as additional relevant features.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Los Alamos National Laboratory Internal Audit Strategic Plan

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL or the Laboratory) is managed under a management and operations (M&O) contract by Triad National Security, LLC (Triad), a nonprofit, public-focused consortium that includes Battelle Memorial Institute, the Texas A&M University System, and the University of California. The Internal Audit Group (IA) at LANL creates a formal strategic plan every five years in order to establish longer-range goals and initiatives to ensure the group fulfills its purpose as established in the Audit Charter, conforms with relevant standards, and is focused on continuous improvement. This document establishes the five-year strategic plan for fiscal year’s (FY) 2024 - 2028.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Advanced Emission Control for High-Efficiency Engines

The CRADA between Cummins and Battelle will focus on: advanced emission control for high-efficiency engines. It will specifically focus on the following three areas: 1. Passive NOx absorbers - The purpose is to develop next generation materials that can be efficiently used to address the cold-operation, as driven by improved engine efficiency. 2. Oxidation of methane and short alkanes – The purpose is to address cold-operation emissions arising from CNG vehicles. 3. Improved understanding of particulates – The purpose is to understand how particulates are formed which will be used to develop strategies to address the tightening regulations and their enforcement for exhaust particulate matter. The first two areas will be based on PNNL’s technical leadership in the area of zeolite-based materials. The third area will have a shorter time scope to leverage the unique SPLAT capabilities at PNNL to help address Cummins’ needs in improving the understanding of particulates

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2024

Integrated Process for Direct Air Capture of CO 2 and Electrochemical Conversion to Ethanol

This Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between UT-Battelle, LLC and Reactwell, L.L.C. aimed to facilitate the development of an energy-efficient and cost-effective technology that captures carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from ambient air and converts it electrochemically to ethanol. Direct air capture (DAC) of CO 2 offers the prospect of permanently lowering the atmospheric CO 2 concentration, providing economic and energy-efficient technologies can be developed and deployed at a large scale. DAC has the potential for high-capacity atmospheric CO 2 capture, the flexibility of placement anywhere on earth, and the generation of high-purity CO 2 streams. The most significant technical challenge with DAC is the very low atmospheric concentration of CO 2 , thereby requiring sorbents that bind CO 2 quickly, strongly, and selectively against other components in the air. Integrating DAC with CO 2 conversion into useful chemicals, fuels, or materials can provide an economically feasible solution for mitigating climate change. As long as the carbon contained in these products is taken from the atmosphere and no additional carbon emissions result from their production, processing, and transportation, they can be considered carbon-neutral products. This CRADA facilitated the development of a new net-zero emission technology that closes the carbon cycle by combining DAC with the catalytic electrochemical conversion of CO 2 into ethanol.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Idaho National Laboratory Water Assessment

Established in 1949, Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) complex of national laboratories. INL performs work in each of the strategic goal areas of the department: energy, national security, science, and environment, and is the nation’s center for nuclear energy research and development. Located in southeastern Idaho, its physical footprint includes 569,180 acres of federally owned land. A water balance for the fiscal year (FY) 2022 year was conducted for INL to identify major water using equipment and calculate the end-use categories. FY 2022 was selected as the evaluation year per the DOE Sustainability Performance Office. This report provides an analysis of facilities on the INL Site operated by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC (BEA). This water balance report focused on the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) Complex, Materials and Fuels Complex, Idaho Falls campus, and Central Facilities Area campuses, which consumed 98% of the 540,611 thousand gallons (kGal) of water used by INL in FY 2022. The resulting water balance identified the use categories for 75.3% of the FY 2022 water consumption.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Agilent CRADA (Abstract)

The CRADA between Agilent Technologies Inc. and Battelle will focus on five software components as listed below: Prototype 4D Feature Finding functionality with a particular focus on recovering low level features and extending the bottom end dynamic range of IM-MS technology. Compare and contrast developments to current 4D Feature Finding capabilities. Highlight important algorithmic aspects employed. Implement the PNNL saturation correction algorithm. Agilent will give PNNL the needed data file access API and assistance in understanding it implementation and any needed instrumental aspects. Supported high resolution products to include Agilent’s TOF, QTOF and IM-QTOF mass spectrometers. PNNL will then work with Agilent to benchmark performance. Implementation of the PNNL Hadamard de-multiplexing algorithm. Agilent will give provide PNNL the needed date file access API access and as needed assistance in understanding the current Agilent multiplexed IM offering. PNNL will then work with Agilent on benchmark performance. Add ion mobility collision cross sections to existing and new metabolomic libraries for data analysis with Agilent’s informatics program MPP/ID Browser. PNNL will work with Agilent to create a software pipeline that takes data from chemical and metabolic standards and properly formats it for inclusion in MPP accessible libraries, using the collision cross section as a new separation dimension. Improvements of MPP multidimensional matching to identify metabolomic features using multiple characteristics beyond retention time and accurate mass. Most significantly matching will include analyte collision cross section with proposed support for sample fraction or RapidFire cartridge and fragmentation spectra. PNNL will work with Agilent to modify and improve the current MPP analysis pipeline to allow for creating, aligning, and identifying MS features defined by accurate mass, collision cross section and chromatographic retention time. As additional criteria such as fraction or RapidFire cartridge type are supported in the identification process, then they also will become part of the automation workflow. This includes the automation of said system to work with command line program (i.e. not a GUI) sufficient for programmatic execution in a pipeline.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗