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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

TA-55 Plutonium Facility Fact Sheet

At the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), virtually all plutonium operations occur within the Plutonium Facility at Technical Area 55 (TA-55). TA-55 is the nation’s most modern plutonium science and manufacturing facility, and is the only fully operational, full capability plutonium facility in the nation. TA-55 supports a wide range of national security programs that involve: 1) stockpile stewardship. 2) plutonium processing. 3) nuclear materials stabilization. 4) materials disposition. 5) nuclear forensics. 6) nuclear counter-terrorism. 7) nuclear energy. Operations at TA-55 maintain a critical skill base of plutonium expertise across a broad suite of technical capabilities. These capabilities form a center of excellence for actinide science and technology, including world-class manufacturing for solving significant national security challenges.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

COVID-19 Testing R&D (Final Report)

Eleven Labs within the US Department of Energy (DOE), National Virtual Biotechnology Laboratory (NVBL), came together as a team to address significant R&D gaps in COVID-19 testing. Beginning in March 2020, the NVBL COVID Testing Team developed an R&D agenda, worked with DOE and other agencies to set priorities, and collaborated to deliver timely results. Priority was given to quick implementation as well as development of novel capabilities for immediate and evolving pandemic needs without placing additional burden on operational performers. Priority elements capitalized on DOE National Laboratory strengths and expertise. The Team delivered: testing and evaluation that enabled decisions on testing options, forwardleaning approaches to prepare for future scale-up needs, and models and experiments that supported prioritization of diagnostic and therapeutic candidates.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

NREL Supply Chain & Circular Economy Capabilities

NREL and JISEA have many supply chain competencies and capabilities. Utilizing these tools and with funding by the DOE Office of Science through the National Virtual Biotechnology Laboratory, a consortium of DOE national laboratories focused on response to COVID-19, provided by the Coronavirus CARES Act, an NREL team prepared case studies regarding necessary PPE to combat COVID.

analysis↗
DOE OSTI2021

IMPECCABLE: Integrated Modeling Pipeline for COVID Cure by Assessing Better Leads

ABSTRACT The drug discovery process currently employed in the pharmaceutical industry typically requires about 10 years and $2-3 billion to deliver one new drug. This is both too expensive and too slow, especially in emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. In silico methodologies need to be improved both to select better lead compounds, so as to improve the efficiency of later stages in the drug discovery protocol, and to identify those lead compounds more quickly. No known methodological approach can deliver this combination of higher quality and speed. Here, we describe an Integrated Modeling PipEline for COVID Cure by Assessing Better LEads (IMPECCABLE) that employs multiple methodological innovations to overcome this fundamental limitation. We also describe the computational framework that we have developed to support these innovations at scale, and characterize the performance of this framework in terms of throughput, peak performance, and scientific results. We show that individual workflow components deliver 100× to 1000× improvement over traditional methods, and that the integration of methods, supported by scalable infrastructure, speeds up drug discovery by orders of magnitudes. IMPECCABLE has screened ~10 11 ligands and has been used to discover a promising drug candidate. These capabilities have been used by the US DOE National Virtual Biotechnology Laboratory and the EU Centre of Excellence in Computational Biomedicine.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Workshop on Sustainable Aviation Fuel-Use Research Opportunities

On February 15-16, 2022, the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Vehicle Technology Office (VTO) within Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) convened a workshop to assess the end-use research opportunities for Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF). This report summarizes the proceedings and findings of the workshop, which the U.S. Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory hosted as a virtual event. During these two half-days, invited members of national laboratories, industry, government, and academia connected virtually to share perspectives on SAF research needs for improving end-use adoption.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Reduced Sediment Settling in Turbulent Flows Due To Basset History and Virtual Mass Effects

The behavior of suspended particles in turbulent flows is a recalcitrant problem spanning wide-ranging fields including geomorphology, hydrology, and dispersion of particulate matter in the atmosphere. One key mechanism underlying particle suspension is the difference between particle settling velocity (w s ) in turbulence and its still water counterpart (w so ). This difference is explored here for a range of particle-to-fluid densities (1 – 10) and particle diameter to Kolmogorov micro-eddy sizes (0.1 – 10). Conventional models of particle fluxes that equate w s to w so result in eddy diffusivities and turbulent Schmidt numbers contradictory to laboratory experiments. Incorporating virtual mass and Basset history forces resolves these inconsistencies, providing clarity as to why w s /w so is sub-unity for the aforementioned conditions. The proposed formulation can be imminently used to model particle settling in turbulence, especially when sediment distribution outcomes over extended time scales far surpassing turbulence time scales are sought.

Geology↗
DOE OSTI2021

AI-Enhanced Co-Design for Next-Generation Microelectronics: Innovating Innovation (Workshop Report)

On April 6-8, 2021, Sandia National Laboratories hosted a virtual workshop to explore the potential for developing AI-Enhanced Co-Design for Next-Generation Microelectronics (AICoM). The workshop brought together two themes. The first theme was articulated in the 2018 Department of Energy Office of Science (DOE SC) “Basic Research Needs for Microelectronics” (BRN) report, which called for a “fundamental rethinking” of the traditional design approach to microelectronics, in which subject matter experts (SMEs) in each microelectronics discipline (materials, devices, circuits, algorithms, etc.) work near-independently. Instead, the BRN called for a non-hierarchical, egalitarian vision of co-design, wherein “each scientific discipline informs and engages the others” in “parallel but intimately networked efforts to create radically new capabilities.” The second theme was the recognition of the continuing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) that are currently enhancing and accelerating the solution of traditional design problems in materials science, circuit design, and electronic design automation (EDA).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Technology Acceptance Workshop Meeting Proceedings, April 20-29, 2022

The Renewable Energy Wildlife Institute and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory convened a virtual workshop facilitated by the Consensus Building Institute in April 2022 to identify recommendations on how to accelerate the rate of research and development, evaluation, and adoption of technologies for monitoring or minimizing wildlife impacts from wind energy. The workshop drew on expertise from stakeholder groups including technology developers, federal agencies, conservation nonprofits, and the wind industry. Over the course of four sessions, participants discussed incentives and barriers to technology development beginning with early field testing and validation, through full-scale experimental deployment, and finally broad-scale acceptance and commercial deployment.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Path to Sustainable Aviation Fuel

A variety of technologies are currently under development for producing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), and one of the most promising technologies is the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of low-cost waste feedstocks. Organizations across the globe are conducting research and development on HTL technology at scales varying from the laboratory to demonstrations focused on various aspects of technology development. The identification of more advanced and sustainable solutions to maximize the fuel yield while optimizing fuel properties and achieving cost parity with conventional fuels is the major focus in developing HTL technology. This workshop on the application of HTL to produce SAF, coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office, Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), was held virtually on November 17–19, 2020. A broad spectrum of experts from industry, academia, national laboratories, and government from across the globe participated in the workshop, contributing their ideas, insights, and perspectives. A series of keynote presentations, plenary presentations, and breakout sessions provided an interdisciplinary framework for sharing information and building collaboration. This document provides an overview of the content discussed in the presentations as well as the breakout session discussion. Diverse stakeholder perspectives were gathered, and this wealth of information collectively provides an update on the current state of the field and identifies the key research opportunities.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2024

NETL Mobile Emissions Laboratory

This presentation was given (virtually) at the workshop on Atmospheric Chemistry and Dispersion Modelling of Non-CO2 Emissions from Carbon Capture at the National Carbon Capture Center on November 21, 2024. The presentation describes capabilities of NETL's new mobile emissions laboratory trailer.

air emissions↗
DOE OSTI2021

Data Science and Computation for Rapid and Dynamic Compression Experiment Workflows at Experimental Facilities, September 8-11, 2020. Workshop Report

The application of high pressure to materials has enabled discoveries in scientific fields such as planetary science, materials science, and materials synthesis. Recent advances in X-ray user light sources and other facilities, co-location and integration of user facilities with high-pressure drivers, availability of high-performance computing (HPC) platforms, and the development of new data science techniques have created opportunities for, and challenges in, advancing data analytics for rapid and dynamic compression experiments. To address these challenges, harness the emerging technology now available, and expedite scientific discovery, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) hosted a virtual workshop entitled “Data Science and Computation for Rapid and Dynamic Compression Workflows at Experimental Facilities” from September 8 to 11, 2020. The workshop included 95 registered scientists and analytics experts from 15 universities, 9 United States (US) national laboratories, 5 US and European X-ray light sources, neutron sources such as the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), other big science facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF), and an industry representative. The workshop included 31 invited talks and 4 lightning talks by students and postdocs.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Proceedings of the 2021 Airborne Wind Energy Workshop

On March 2-3, 2021, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducted a virtual workshop to evaluate the status, potential development, and technical viability of AWE systems as a source of energy in the United States. Stakeholder input provided at the workshop will contribute to the report to Congress. This report summarizes key workshop findings, current technology research and development activities in the United States, and opportunities and potential modes of collaboration and coordination for future technology research and development activities. The workshop focused on U.S. stakeholders in AWE, with approximately 100 experts and industry stakeholders from AWE technology developers, operators, engineering firms, consultants, government, national laboratories, and university researchers. The workshop began with an explanation from DOE's Wind Energy Technologies Office (WETO) Technology Manager, Ben Hallissy, of the context and purpose of the workshop, including a request from Congress that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) deliver a "report on the potential for, and technical viability of, airborne wind energy systems to provide a significant source of energy in the United States, including a summary of research, development, demonstration, and commercialization needs, including an estimate of Federal funding requirements, to further examine and validate the technical and economic viability of airborne wind energy concepts over the 10-year period." The workshop began with brief introductions from attendees who explained their interest in AWE. Nicolas El Hayek of Planair summarized the proceedings from the AWE workshop held in September 2020 by the International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind Task 11. This was followed by a presentation by Roland Schmehl of TU-Delft summarizing European AWE R&D efforts. Chris Vermillion of North Carolina State University and Jason Jonkman of NREL presented an overview of U.S. R&D efforts. Then five panelists discussed AWE markets, sizes of AWE systems, challenges, and opportunities. Panelists included: Cristina Archer, professor at the College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment and associate director at the Center for Research in Wind (CReW) at the University of Delaware; Stephan Brabeck, chief technology officer at SkySails; Thierry Delahave, innovation and technology development lead at Saipem; Rob Creighton, founder and chief executive officer at WindLift; and David Schaefer, founder and chief executive officer at eWind Solutions. The second day of the workshop began with a brief overview of five key topics that are crucial to enabling AWE in the United States. These topics range from estimates of the U.S. wind resource, technical generation potential, economic analysis, environmental challenges, status of current technology and R&D activities, and needed activities to enable commercialization of AWE. This set the stage for a robust discussion in breakout groups where individuals could offer their opinions on the potential opportunities for AWE in the United States. The following topics were discussed in the breakout groups: resource potential and energy output, technical potential, social and environmental impacts, and permitting, techno-economic analysis and markets, technology assessment and upscaling and demonstration and commercialization needs. The second day concluded with reports by the NREL research team, communicating the key themes and outcomes from each of the breakout group discussions.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

2022 LLNL Nuclear Science and Security Summer Internship Program

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Nuclear Science and Security Summer Internship Program (NS 3 IP) is designed to give graduate and undergraduate students an opportunity to come to LLNL for 8–10 weeks of hands-on research. Students conduct research under the supervision of a staff scientist, attend a weekly lecture series, interact with other students, and present their work to the LLNL scientific community at the end of the program. Students also have the opportunity to meet staff scientists one-on-one, participate in LLNL facility tours (e.g., the National Ignition Facility and Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry), and gain a better understanding of the various science programs at LLNL. Due to the travel and access restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2022 NS 3 IP was organized as a hybrid internship program. Five of the 20 NS 3 IP students participated remotely. One of the 8 students funded directly by DTRA participated remotely. With LLNL’s extensive institutional support, remote students accessed the laboratory’s cyberinfrastructure through a secure virtual desktop environment and all seminars, mentor interactions, summer presentations, and laboratory tours had a remote option. The hybrid approach to the internship program provided flexibility to both the interns and their mentors to construct creative research projects that maximized student exposure to nuclear science research that is relevant to DTRA and LLNL. We anticipate continuing a hybrid internship format in the summer of 2023.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2024

Community Input on the Need, Scope, and Development Roadmap of a Proposed National Virtual Biosecurity for Bioenergy Crops Center (NVBBCC)

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) was awarded a pilot project in FY22 under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Biopreparedness Research Virtual Environment (BRaVE) initiative, to define research priorities, needs, and requirements for a national virtual center devoted to the biosecurity of bioenergy crops. The mission of the proposed center, referred to as the National Virtual Biosecurity for Bioenergy Crop Center (NVBBCC), would be to provide the scientific basis and tools to detect, characterize, model, and mitigate biothreats to bioenergy crops. This function will be essential to ensure the projected increased US reliance over the next few decades on key plant-based energy products, such as biojet fuel. The NVBBCC is envisioned as a distributed, virtual center with multiple national laboratories at its core to maximize the use of existing unique facilities and expertise across the DOE complex. A major goal of the pilot project was to develop a roadmap for establishing NVBBCC through a series of meetings to gather community input. A total of about 150 individuals, drawn from DOE laboratories, the USDA, academia, NIH, DHS and the private sector participated in six planning meetings held in FY23. Four of the meetings were focused on specific research topics (disease detection, dispersion and disease propagation, biomolecular characterization of plant-pathogen interaction, and mitigation strategies). These four meetings were followed by a meeting that focused on computational needs to support collaborative, data-intensive research within a distributed center as well as workforce development. A final meeting focused on establishing and maintaining preparedness within NVBBCC to respond to an emerging disease within bioenergy crops and how it would collaborate and coordinate with USDA and DHS.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2022

DECOVALEX-2019: An international collaboration for advancing the understanding and modeling of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes in geological systems

The DECOVALEX Project is an international research collaboration for advancing the understanding and modeling of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes in geological systems. DECOVALEX stands for “DEvelopment of COupled Models and VALidation against EXperiments”. The creation of this international initiative, now running for almost 30 years, was motivated by the recognition that prediction of these coupled effects is an essential part of the performance and safety assessment of geologic disposal systems for radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, and also for a range of other sub-surface engineering activities. DECOVALEX emphasizes joint analysis and comparative modeling of state-of-the-art field and laboratory experiments, across a range of host rock options and repository designs. Participating research teams are from radioactive waste management organizations, national research institutes, regulatory agencies, universities, and consulting groups, providing a wide range of perspectives and solutions to these complex problems. The most recent phase of the DECOVALEX Project, here referred to as DECOVALEX-2019, started in 2016 and ended in 2019. Modeling teams from 13 international partner organizations participated in the comparative evaluation of seven modeling tasks involving complex field and/or laboratory experiments. Furthermore, this Virtual Special Issue on DECOVALEX-2019 provides an in-depth overview of these collaborative research efforts and how these have advanced the state-of-the-art of understanding and modeling coupled THMC processes.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Measured influence of overhead HVAC on exposure to airborne contaminants from simulated speaking in a meeting and a classroom

Tracer gas experiments were conducted in a 158 m 3 room with overhead supply diffusers to study dispersion of contaminants from simulated speaking in physically distanced meeting and classroom configurations. The room was contained within a 237 m 3 cell with open plenum return to the HVAC system. Heated manikins at desks and a researcher operating the tracer release apparatus presented 8-9 thermal plumes. Experiments were conducted under conditions of no forced air and neutral, cooled, or heated air supplied at 980-1100 cmh, and with/out 20% outdoor air. CO 2 was released at the head of one manikin in each experiment to simulate small (< 5 µm diameter) respiratory aerosols. The metric of exposure relative to perfectly mixed (ERM) is introduced to quantify impacts, based on measurements at manikin heads and at three heights in the center and corners of the room. Chilled or neutral supply air provided good mixing with ERMs close to one. Thermal stratification during heating produced higher ERMs at most manikins: 25% were ≥ 2.5 and the highest were > 5× perfectly mixed conditions. Operation of two within-zone air cleaners together moving ≥400 cmh vertically in the room provided enough mixing to mitigate elevated exposure variations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

INGENIOUS Thermal Conductivity Measurement Source Categorization

Thermal conductivity (TC) data taken for different wells at a specified drill depth. This is an abridged version of the complete SMU heat flow database, downloaded from the SMU node of the NGDS at the beginning of INGENIOUS (approximately April 2021), and filtered to the INGENIOUS study area. This National Geothermal Data System (NGDS) project aggregates geothermal data collected and curated by the SMU Geothermal Laboratory and its partner organizations. All columns in this database are the same as the SMU database, except for 2 additions associated with this project. Repeated columns are for data correlation purposes. Column descriptions and data types are the same as previous iterations of the SMU database. The new values that are the addition are two new columns developed as part of the INGENIOUS project: INGENIOUS TC Value | INGENIOUS notes INGENIOUS notes are individual notes that were written for specific data points during the analysis process. There are not always notes associated with each input value. INGENIOUS TC Value includes 4 values: 1. Assumed Measured These are values that are assumed to be measured thermal conductivity values, either within a specific well or within the same study region. Many of these have either a published reference, a reported standard deviation, or a unique thermal conductivity value. 2. Data release - assumed measured These are values in the SMU database that are from proprietary data that were added to the SMU database and are labeled as data release for their reference. These values were searched for in person at the SMU Geothermal Laboratory as well as virtual examination of data available on the NGDS. For many of these, there are reported thermal conductivity values associated with the heat flow data in the database, but no specific table or reference to measurements in the original data release files. 3. Known measured These are values that have a reported measurement, either as an original file in the SMU data files on the NGDS or a reported table in a publication. In the rare circumstances, Maria Richards or David Blackwell confirmed measurement. Confirmation of measurement would be written in the INGENIOUS notes column. 4. Unmeasured Unmeasured values are those that are known to be unmeasured, either estimated from another report or no information given. In the SMU database, there are wells that have a heat flow but no thermal conductivity. These are categorized as unmeasured. There are also heat flow values that are stated to have estimated or generalized average thermal conductivity values for the region and rock type. Because these are known to be unmeasured, they are categorized as such. 5. Blank Blank values are either A quality or X quality. These quality values are stated in the INGENIOUS notes. These values were not going to change associated with the heat flow analysis, so these were not examined.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗