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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Thermal and mechanical treatments for nickel and some nickel-base alloys: Effects on mechanical properties

This report deals with heat treating and working nickel and nickel-base alloys, and with the effects of these operations on the mechanical properties of the materials. The subjects covered are annealing, solution treating, stress relieving, stress equalizing, age hardening, hot working, cold working, combinations of working and heat treating (often referred to as thermomechanical treating), and properties of the materials at various temperatures. The equipment and procedures used in working the materials are discussed, along with the common problems that may be encountered and the precautions and corrective measures that are available.

Hall, A. M.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Sinter of uniform, predictable, blemish-free nickel plaque for large aerospace nickel cadmium cells

A series of nickel slurry compositions were tested. Important slurry parameters were found to be the nature of the binder, a pore former and the method of mixing. A slow roll mixing which is non-turbulent successfully eliminated entrapped air so that bubbles and pockets were avoided in the sinter. A slurry applicator was developed which enabled an equal quantity of slurry to be applied to both sides of the grid. Sintering in a furnace having a graded atmosphere characteristic, ranging from oxidizing to strongly reducing, improved adhesion of porous sinter to grid and resulted in a uniform welding of nickel particles to each other throughout the plaque. Sintering was carried out in a horizontal furnace having three heating zones and 16 heating control circuits. Tests used for plaque evaluation include (1) appearance, (2) grid location and adhesion, (3) mechanical strength, (4) thickness, (5) weight per unit area, (6) void volume per unit area, (7) surface area and (8) electrical resistance. Plaque material was impregnated using Heliotek proprietary processes and 100 AH cells were fabricated.

Seiger, H. N.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The measurement of the stacking fault energy in copper, nickel and copper-nickel alloys

The relationship of hydrogen solubility and the hydrogen embrittlement of high strength, high performance face centered cubic alloys to the stacking fault energy of the alloys was investigated. The stacking fault energy is inversely related to the distance between the two partial dislocations which are formed by the dissociation of a perfect dislocation. The two partial dislocations define a stacking fault in the crystal which offers a region for hydrogen segregation. The distance between the partial dislocations is measured by weak beam, dark field transmission electron microscopy. The stacking fault energy is calculated. Pure copper, pure nickel and copper-nickel single crystals are used to determine the stacking fault energy.

Leighly, H. P., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A 37.5-kW point design comparison of the nickel-cadmium battery, bipolar nickel-hydrogen battery, and regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell energy storage subsystems for low Earth orbit

Nickel-cadmium batteries, bipolar nickel-hydrogen batteries, and regenerative fuel cell storage subsystems were evaluated for use as the storage subsystem in a 37.5 kW power system for space station. Design requirements were set in order to establish a common baseline for comparison purposes. The storage subsystems were compared on the basis of effective energy density, round trip electrical efficiency, total subsystem weight and volume, and life.

Manzo, M. A.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The failure mechanism of a nickel electrode in a nickel-hydrogen cell

Studies on a number of types of nickel electrodes after cycle failure in a Ni/H2 cell showed that the failure is due to the loss of high rate discharge capability rather than an absolute capacity loss. The failure mechanism is speculated to be a combination of migration of the active material away from the current collecting nickel sinter, increased porosity of the active material caused by cycling, and an electrical isolation process of the active material during discharge.

Lim, H. S.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A 37.5-kW point design comparison of the nickel-cadmium battery, bipolar nickel-hydrogen battery, and regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell energy storage subsystems for low earth orbit

Nickel-cadmium batteries, bipolar nickel-hydrogen batteries, and regenerative fuel cell storage subsystems were evaluated for use as the storage subsystem in a 37.5 kW power system for Space Station. Design requirements were set in order to establish a common baseline for comparison purposes. The storage subsystems were compared on the basis of effective energy density, round trip electrical efficiency, total subsystem weight and volume, and life.

Manzo, M. A.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Migration of Co in nickel oxide/hydroxide of a nickel electrode in a Ni/H2 cell

Cobalt redistribution in nickel active material has been reported. This redistribution was suspected to be related to capacity fading. The objective of this work is to establish a relationship between cobalt redistribution and capacity fading. Microscopic cobalt distribution in nickel active material was studied using three EDX techniques: line scan, point-by-point analysis, and dot maps. Results from this study are presented.

Lim, Hong S.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Capacity fade in nickel cadmium and nickel hydrogen cells

Research and operational experience with capacity fade in nickel cadmium and nickel hydrogen cells are summarized in outline form. The theoretical causes of capacity fade are reviewed and the role of cell storage, positive electrodes, and cobalt additives are addressed. Three examples of observed capacity fade are discussed: INTELSAT 5, INTELSAT 6, and an Explorer platform. Finally, prevention and recovery methods are addressed and the current status of Eagle Picher/Hughes research is discussed.

Edgar, Tim↗
NASA NTRS1993

Thermodynamics of nickel-cadmium and nickel-hydrogen batteries

Thermodynamic parameters for Nickel-Cadmium (NiCad) and Nickel-Hydrogen (NiH2) batteries are calculated for temperatures ranging from 273.15K (0 C) to 373.15K (100 C). For both systems, we list equilibrium and thermoneutral voltages for the cells, and in the case of the NiH2 battery, these data are provide for hydrogen fugacities ranging from 0.01 to 100 (atm) to simulate the full discharged and charged states. The quality of the input thermodynamic data are assessed and the effect of assuming different cell reactions is analyzed.

Macdonald, Digby D.↗
NASA NTRS1996

First principles nickel-cadmium and nickel hydrogen spacecraft battery models

The principles of Nickel-Cadmium and Nickel-Hydrogen spacecraft battery models are discussed. The Ni-Cd battery model includes two phase positive electrode and its predictions are very close to actual data. But the Ni-H2 battery model predictions (without the two phase positive electrode) are unacceptable even though the model is operational. Both models run on UNIX and Macintosh computers.

Timmerman, P.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Electrolyte Management Considerations in Modern Nickel Hydrogen and Nickel Cadmium Cell and Battery Designs

This paper reviews three general areas where the potassium ion content can impact the performance and life of nickel hydrogen and nickel cadmium cells. Sample calculations of the concentration or volume changes that can take place within operating cells are presented. With the aid of an accurate model of an operating cell or battery, the impact of changes of potassium ion content within a potential cell design can be estimated. All three of these areas are directly related to the volume tolerance and pore size engineering aspects of the components used in the cell or battery design.

Thaller, Lawrence H.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Oxidation of TD nickel at 1050 C and 1200 C as compared with three grades of nickel of different purity

The isothermal oxidation of three nickels of different purity, Ni-200, Ni-270, and JM-Ni, was compared with that of TD-Ni in air at 1050 and 1200 C. The samples were oxidized as ground, as polished, or as annealed and polished. Weight change, metal loss, scale thickness, oxide morphology, and scale texture were determined. In degree of oxidation, TD-Ni was nearly the same as the higher purity materials, Ni-270 and JM-Ni; and less pure Ni-200 oxidized more than the others. However, in microstructure and scale texture the TD-Ni more closely resembled Ni-200. Grinding only charged the texture of the oxides of Ni_200 and TD-Ni.

Lowell, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Diffusion in thoriated and nonthoriated nickel and nickel-chromium alloys at 1260 C

Various solid-solid diffusion couples were assembled from thoriated and nonthoriated nickel-base alloys, welded, and diffusion annealed at 1260 C. Concentration profiles indicated that a thoria dispersion does not affect diffusion in Cr(alloy):Ni and Ni-4.8Al:Ni types of couples unless a fine grain structure is retained by the thoria particles. Metallography revealed the presence of thoria-free bands in the thoriated-Ni side of the diffusion zone. The bands contained grain boundaries and, in some cases, non-Kirkendall porosity. A mechanism based on the operation of vacancy sources is proposed to explain the thoria-free bands. In addition, a particular DS-NiCr:Ni couple had negligible Kirkendall porosity. This behavior was related to the grain structure of the particular lot of DS-NiCr.

Whittenberger, J. D.↗