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At least 55 records · Page 3

On the modulated light in the intermediate polar FO Aquarii/H 2215-086

The modulated light in the Intermediate Polar FO Aqr at the three periods P(sub spin) = 20.9 min, P(sub orb) = 4.85 hr and P(sub beat) = 22.5 min is studied in different spectral ranges to derive information on their nature. In this system the accretion geometry, with or without an accretion disk, is still a matter of debate (Hellier 1991; Norton et al. 1992). The different orbital behavior of phase coherence between the spin and beat pulses in the X-rays (Norton et al. 1992) and in the optical/IR regions cannot be easily accounted for by only a diskless dominated geometry where the accretion flow is switching from one pole to the other each half of the beat period. We therefore propose an accretion scenario where a non-axisymmetric disk is present. In such a non-standard accretion disk an azimuthal structure provides not only the source of variable mass transfer to the white dwarf, but also a reprocessing site which is mainly viewing the X-ray emission from the lower pole. Our spectral analysis shows that reprocessing is also occurring at the surface of the secondary star. The spin pulsation in the optical and IR continua can be explained by the so-called 'accretion curtain' model (Rosen et al. 1988) though an additional reprocessing component at the spin period cannot be excluded. In contrast to the X-rays, the beat optical/IR modulation is not intrinsic. Reprocessing at the surface of the secondary star and at the thickened part of the disk can also account for the orbital modulation in the UV, optical and IR regions.

Martino, D. DE↗

Dynamic Optical Grating Device and Associated Method for Modulating Light

A dynamic optical grating device and associated method for modulating light is provided that is capable of controlling the spectral properties and propagation of light without moving mechanical components by the use of a dynamic electric and/or magnetic field. By changing the electric field and/or magnetic field, the index of refraction, the extinction coefficient, the transmittivity, and the reflectivity fo the optical grating device may be controlled in order to control the spectral properties of the light reflected or transmitted by the device.

Park, Yeonjoon↗

Correlation with a spatial light modulator having phase and amplitude cross coupling

In correlation filtering a spatial light modulators is traditionally modeled as affecting only the phase or only the amplitude of light. Usually, however, a single operating parameter affects both phase and amplitude. An integral constraint is developed that is a necessary condition for optimizing a correlation filter having single parameter coupling between phase and amplitude. The phase-only filter is shown to be a special case.

Juday, Richard D.↗

Method to Enhance the Operation of an Optical Inspection Instrument Using Spatial Light Modulators

For many aspheric and freeform optical components, existing interferometric solutions require a custom computer-generated hologram (CGH) to characterize the part. The overall objective of this research is to develop hardware and a procedure to produce a combined, dynamic, Hartmann/ Digital Holographic interferometry inspection system for a wide range of advanced optical components, including aspheric and freeform optics. This new instrument would have greater versatility and dynamic range than currently available measurement systems. The method uses a spatial light modulator to pre-condition wavefronts for imaging, interferometry, and data processing to improve the resolution and versatility of an optical inspection instrument. Existing interferometers and Hartmann inspection systems have either too small a dynamic range or insufficient resolution to characterize conveniently unusual optical surfaces like aspherical and freeform optics. For interferometers, a specially produced, computer-generated holographic optical element is needed to transform the wavefront to within the range of the interferometer. A new hybrid wavefront sensor employs newly available spatial light modulators (SLMs) as programmable holographic optical elements (HOEs). The HOE is programmed to enable the same instrument to inspect an optical element in stages, first by a Hartmann measurement, which has a very large dynamic range but less resolution. The first measurement provides the information required to precondition a reference wave that avails the measurement process to the more precise phase shifting interferometry. The SLM preconditions a wavefront before it is used to inspect an optical component. This adds important features to an optical inspection system, enabling not just wavefront conditioning for null testing and dynamic range extension, but also the creation of hybrid measurement procedures. This, for example, allows the combination of dynamic digital holography and Hartmann sensing procedures to cover a virtually unlimited dynamic range with high resolution. Digital holography technology brings all of the power and benefits of digital holographic interferometry to the requirement, while Hartmann-type wavefront sensors bring deflectometry technologies to the solution. The SLM can be used to generate arbitrary wavefronts in one leg of the interferometer, thereby greatly simplifying its use and extending its range. The SLM can also be used to modify the system into a dynamic Shack-Hartmann system, which is useful for optical components with large amounts of slope. By integrating these capabilities into a single instrument, the system will have tremendous flexibility to measure a variety of optical shapes accurately.

Trolinger, James↗

Electro-optic crystals and their use for light modulation

Several methods of modulating a beam of light, which have been described in the literature, utilizing the influence of an electrical signal on the birefringence of certain crystals, will be reviewed. These employ optics which respond to the state of polarization of a light beam, and include intensity modulation, position modulation, and the possibility of an electrically tuned optical filter. The influence of the piezo-optic, or strain contribution to the total electro-optic response in the design of an optoelectronic device will be discussed. Current experimental work in our laboratory in which the strain contribution is separated from the direct effect will be described. The strain-free effect is measured by applying a step voltage to the crystal, and observing the initial response. The electro-optical transient response can be observed with nanosecond time resolution. An electronic sampling technique is used to extract the desired response from photon noise. The stress-free or low-frequency effect is measured similarly but at low audio frequencies. Single crystal tetragonal BaT10 3 has been investigated in detail with the result that the strain-optic contribution to the low frequency effect r_(c) = r_(33)—r_(13) is about 80% of the total, where it is only 10% in KDP and 45% in ADP. The magnitudes of the electro-optic effect, dielectric constant, and other related properties are compared for several materials potentially useful as electro-optic modulators, and some comments are made about the practical problems of building a modulator.

ELECTRO-OPTICS↗

Improved Photovoltaic-Driven Quantum Light Modulator

Additional features increase sensitivity and utility. Modifications proposed to improve device described in "Photovoltaic-Driven Multiple-Quantum-Well Modulator" (NPO-16914) and "Strain-Layer-Superlattice Light Modulator" (NPO-16915). Resembles prior devices of this general type but includes active region using quantum state filling and more optimum structure. Exploits quantum well equivalent of Moss-Burnstein shift.

Maserjian, Joseph↗

A hybrid silicon membrane spatial light modulator for optical information processing

A new two dimensional, fast, analog, electrically addressable, silicon based membrane spatial light modulator (SLM) was developed for optical information processing applications. Coherent light reflected from the mirror elements is phase modulated producing an optical Fourier transform of an analog signal input to the device. The DMD architecture and operating parameters related to this application are presented. A model is developed that describes the optical Fourier transform properties of the DMD.

Pape, D. R.↗

Spatial light modulation by beam coupling in GaAs crystals

The first demonstration of spatial light modulation in GaAs using the photorefractive effect is reported. A special configuration was employed in which polarization rotation created by beam coupling was utilized. The ability to obtain these results despite a small coupling gain coefficient demonstrates the usefulness of the polarization technique presented here for optical processing with GaAs crystals.

Cheng, Li-Jen↗

Multi-Quantum-Well Spatial Light Modulators On Si Substrates

Proposed new class of two-dimensional spatial light modulators (SLM's) based on fabrication of multi-quantum-well (MQW) structures (e.g. of AlGaAs and InGaAs) on silicon substrates. Concept makes two-dimensional SLM arrays by taking advantage of mature technology of silicon charge-coupled devices (CCD's). Features include short response times, high resolution, and low switching energies.

Cutts, James A.↗

Optical-data-processing properties of a liquid-crystal television spatial light modulator

The potential of an extremely inexpensive liquid-crystal television (LCTV) as a two-dimensional spatial light modulator has been investigated. The LCTV modulates the transmission of coherent or incoherent light and can either be electronically addressed through a microcomputer or optically addressed with a TV camera. The transmission characteristics of the device have been measured, its diffraction pattern is examined, and its use as an input device for an optical correlator is tested. It is discovered that, with proper modifications, it has potential for optical-data-processing applications.

Liu, H.-K.↗

Real-time computer-generated hologram by means of liquid-crystal television spatial light modulator

The usefulness of an inexpensive liquid-crystal television) (LCTV) as a spatial light modulator for coherent-optical processing in the writing and reconstruction of a single computer-generated hologram has been demonstrated. The thickness nonuniformities of the LCTV screen were examined in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the phase distortions were successfully removed using a technique in which the LCTV screen was submerged in a liquid gate filled with an index-matching nonconductive mineral oil with refractive index of about 1.45.

Mok, Fai↗

All-optical photochromic spatial light modulators based on photoinduced electron transfer in rigid matrices

A single material (not a multi-element structure) spatial light modulator may be written to, as well as read out from, using light. The device has tailorable rise and hold times dependent on the composition and concentration of the molecular species used as the active components. The spatial resolution of this device is limited only by light diffraction as in volume holograms. The device may function as a two-dimensional mask (transmission or reflection) or as a three-dimensional volume holographic medium. This device, based on optically-induced electron transfer, is able to perform incoherent to coherent image conversion or wavelength conversion over a wide spectral range (ultraviolet, visible, or near-infrared regions).

Beratan, David N.↗

Optically addressed spatial light modulators by MBE-grown nipi MQW structures

Promising approaches for achieving optically addressed spatial light modulators (O-SLMs) are investigated based on combining nipi and multiple quantum well structures. Theoretical aspects of photooptic effects achievable in such structures are treated. Test structures are grown by molecular beam epitaxy using two material systems. (In,Ga)As/GaAs and (Al,Ga)As/GaAs. Experiments show large optically controlled modulation of the absorption coefficient in the quantum well layers, a log power dependence on the control signal, millisecond and shorter time response, and generally predictable behavior. The results are encouraging for several different O-SLM device structures proposed.

Maserjian, Joseph↗

Laser-induced patterning for a diffraction grating using the phase change material of Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST) as a spatial light modulator in X-ray optics: a proof of concept

The proposed X-ray spatial light modulator (SLM) concept is based on the difference of X-ray scattering from amorphous and crystalline regions of phase change materials (PCMs) such as Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST). In our X-ray SLM design, the “ on” and “ off” states correspond to a patterned and homogeneous state of a GST thin film, respectively. The patterned state is obtained by exposing the homogeneous film to laser pulses. In this paper, we present patterning results in GST thin films characterized by microwave impedance microscopy and X-ray small-angle scattering at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Spatial Light Modulators as Optical Crossbar Switches

A proposed method of implementing cross connections in an optical communication network is based on the use of a spatial light modulator (SLM) to form controlled diffraction patterns that connect inputs (light sources) and outputs (light sinks). Sources would typically include optical fibers and/or light-emitting diodes; sinks would typically include optical fibers and/or photodetectors. The sources and/or sinks could be distributed in two dimensions; that is, on planes. Alternatively or in addition, sources and/or sinks could be distributed in three dimensions -- for example, on curved surfaces or in more complex (including random) three-dimensional patterns.

Juday, Richard↗

High-throughput homogenization of a quasi-Gaussian ultrafast laser beam using a combined refractive beam shaper and spatial light modulator

Efficiently shaping femtosecond, transverse Gaussian laser beams to flat-top beams with flat wavefronts is critical for large-scale material processing and manufacturing. Existing beam shaping devices fall short either in final beam homogeneity or efficiency. Here, we present an approach that uses refractive optics to perform the majority of the beam shaping and then uses a fine-tune device (spatial light modulator) to refine the intensity profile. For the beam that we selected, circularly asymmetric with intensity fluctuations, our method achieved a uniformity of 0.055 within 90% of the beam area at 92% efficiency. The optimization involved an iterative beam shaping process that converged to optimum within 10 iterations.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Methods and algorithms for computer synthesis of holographic elements to obtain a complex impulse response of optical information processing systems based on modern spatial light modulators

The possibilities of designing optical devices for data processing and imaging based on the manipulation of coherent light beams by means of spatial light modulators (SLMs) are investigated. A review of commercially available SLMs is presented and the limitations of their complex modulation characteristics are analysed. The main problem of using present-day SLMs is the lack of the ability to modulate directly all states within a unit circle in the complex plane. In this regard, the characteristics of current methods for the synthesis of holographic elements are described that implement a given complex impulse response of the optical system and are optimal for using SLMs with purely amplitude, purely phase, and hybrid amplitude – phase modulation. (paper)

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Optical correlator using very-large-scale integrated circuit/ferroelectric-liquid-crystal electrically addressed spatial light modulators

The use of 2-kHz 64 x 64 very-large-scale integrated circuit/ferroelectric-liquid-crystal electrically addressed spatial light modulators as the input and filter planes of a VanderLugt-type optical correlator is discussed. Liquid-crystal layer thickness variations that are present in the devices are analyzed, and the effects on correlator performance are investigated through computer simulations. Experimental results from the very-large-scale-integrated / ferroelectric-liquid-crystal optical-correlator system are presented and are consistent with the level of performance predicted by the simulations.

Turner, Richard M.↗