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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Integration of Utility Distributed Energy Resource Management System and Aggregators for Evolving Distribution System Operators

With the rapid integration of distributed energy resources (DERs), distribution utilities are faced with new and unprecedented issues. New challenges introduced by high penetration of DERs range from poor observability to overload and reverse power flow problems, under-over-voltages, maloperation of legacy protection systems, and requirements for new planning procedures. Distribution utility personnel are not adequately trained, and legacy control centers are not properly equipped to cope with these issues. Fortunately, distribution energy resource management systems (DERMSs) are emerging software technologies aimed to provide distribution system operators (DSOs) with a specialized set of tools to enable them to overcome the issues caused by DERs and to maximize the benefits of the presence of high penetration of these novel resources. However, as DERMS technology is still emerging, its definition is vague and can refer to very different levels of software hierarchies, spanning from decentralized virtual power plants to DER aggregators and fully centralized enterprise systems (called utility DERMS). Although they are all frequently simply called DERMS, these software technologies have different sets of tools and aim to provide different services to different stakeholders. This paper explores how these different software technologies can complement each other, and how they can provide significant benefits to DSOs in enabling them to successfully manage evolving distribution networks with high penetration of DERs when they are integrated together into the control centers of distribution utilities.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Virtual Battery Aggregator (Virtual Battery Aggregator for Distributed Energy Resource Management Systems)

Distributed energy resource management systems (DERMS) are being deployed in feeders with high distributed energy resource (DER) penetration to provide visibility of DERs and enable DER control strategies for grid operators. DERMS can support centralized grid controls by aggregating individual DER information into a single virtual DER model. This codebase creates algorithms for a DERMS platform that are able to aggregate a set of DERs that can be modeled as batteries, create a virtual battery model for centralized grid controls, and dispatch power setpoints to the individual DERs based on a desired virtual power setpoint received from the centralized grid control. It integrates with existing co-simulation frameworks and models for buildings, DERs, and distribution systems. While the DERMS is designed to work with batteries, it can be used with any DER that can be defined by a generalized battery model.

Blonsky, Michael↗
DOE OSTI2021

Performance Evaluation of Distributed Energy Resource Management Algorithm in Large Distribution Networks

This paper presents performance evaluation of hierarchical optimization and control for distributed energy resource management system (DERMS) in large distribution networks via an advanced hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform. The HIL platform provides realistic testing in a laboratory environment, including the accurate modeling of a full-scale distribution system of 11,000 nodes, the DERMS software controller, and 90 power hardware photovoltaics (PVs) and battery inverters. The applied DERMS algorithm is designed based on a realtime optimal power flow algorithm and implemented with acceleration design that performs fast dispatch of simulated PVs and real physical hardware DER devices every 4 seconds.

DERMS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Performance Evaluation of Distributed Energy Resource Management Algorithm in Large Distribution Networks

This paper presents performance evaluation of hierarchical optimization and control for distributed energy resource management system (DERMS) in large distribution networks via an advanced hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform. The HIL platform provides realistic testing in a laboratory envi-ronment, including the accurate modeling of a full-scale dis-tribution system of 11,000 nodes, the DERMS software con-troller, and 90 power hardware photovoltaics (PVs) and bat-tery inverters. The applied DERMS algorithm is designed based on a real-time optimal power flow algorithm and im-plemented with acceleration design that performs fast dis-patch of simulated PVs and real physical hardware DER devices every 4 seconds.

distributed energy management system (DERMS)↗
DOE OSTI2021

Defining a Use Case for the ADMS Test Bed: Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration with Distributed Energy Resources: Preprint

Advanced distribution management systems (ADMS) integrate multiple enterprise-level functions into a single platform and offer advanced applications such as fault location, isolation, and service restoration (FLISR), to utilities to meet their operational needs for a modernized grid. These applications need to operate reliably even as distributed energy resource (DER) penetration increases on distribution systems. The ADMS test bed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory offers utilities and vendors the opportunity to evaluate the performance of such advanced applications on distribution feeders of the future and to understand their potential benefits for a specific utility. This is done through defining use cases that address specific questions. This paper presents the definition of a use case on the performance of a commercially-available FLISR application on a feeder of an electric cooperative with DERs. Results from this use case will be disseminated to the electric utility and research community to improve understanding of the challenges and benefits that DERs present to ADMS applications and the operation of a modernized grid.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2023

A Novel Resilience-Oriented Cellular Grid Formation Approach for Distribution Systems with Behind-the-Meter Distributed Energy Resources

This paper presents a resilience-oriented cellular grid formation approach to achieve scalable and reconfigurable community microgrid operations for distribution systems with behind-the-meter distributed energy resources. A set of interconnected solar photovoltaics, energy storage systems, and load is termed as a cell, implying a subset of the grid that can operate independently using its own resources. Cells are identified such that each cell inherently has sufficient energy resources to black start and can provide a certain level of backup power for its load under the loss of utility power supply. The proposed cell formation approach builds on a unique self-organizing map-based method (SomRes) to quantify a system's resilience. Using SomRes and a non-dominated sorting-based genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), a fast and efficient cell formation algorithm is developed to identify cells in a distribution system that are resilient against extreme events. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a numerical model of a real distribution feeder in Colorado, United States.

distributed energy resource↗
DOE OSTI2025

Cyber‐Resilient Distributed Energy Resource Control Algorithms for Smart Distribution Grids

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the development of cyber‐resilient gradient‐based optimisation algorithms and theoretical proof for grid‐interactive distributed energy resource (DER) control to enable two grid services of virtual power plants (VPPs) dispatch and grid voltage regulation, considering the communication and security impacts. Firstly, the combined DER dispatch and voltage regulation as a real‐time gradient‐based optimisation problem is recapped. Thereafter, we consider a probabilistic traffic model to characterise packet delays and loss in a communication network, and study how the delays enter the process of information exchange among the grid measurement units, local DER controllers and the grid control centre that execute this control algorithm in a coordinated manner. Then, a strategy combining delay thresholds and message update rules is proposed to immunity the asynchrony resulting from the communications traffic and it avoids possible numerical instabilities and sensitivities of the power tracking and voltage regulation capabilities, resulting as cyber‐resilient DER control algorithms. Additionally, their convergence is theoretically proved. Effectiveness of proposed cyber‐resilient algorithms has been validated on the IEEE 37‐bus system in terms of convergence, VPP tracking and voltage regulation performance for smart distribution systems with high penetration of DERs.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Security Enhancements for Distributed Energy Resource Systems Interconnected with Distribution Networks: Final Technical Report

The revised IEEE 1547 Standard defines new complex communication-adjustable voltage and frequency regulation and ride-through characteristics, while maintaining the general antiislanding requirement for unintentional islanding situations. Unintentional islanding is prohibited while intentional islanding is specifically allowed, thus effectively enabling microgrid operation mode. Further, IEEE 1547-2018 Standard introduces new requirements in terms of interoperability so that the DER plant/circuit segments may be seamlessly integrated with the utility networks but at the same time become vulnerable to a cyber-attack. Traditional cybersecurity measures including encryption, authentication and role-based access control may not be fully implementable to all communication protocols specified in the IEEE 1547 Standard. Therefore, in this project we have identified, researched, implemented and tested several cyberphysical approaches that rely mostly on the behavior of the DER circuit and may help with validating the incoming command and control action potentially coming through an insecure communications channel. Additionally, we have built semantic models and communications profiles for DER facilities and have implemented lightweight IEC 61850 based publisher-subscriber GOOSE messaging mechanism, with security extensions in terms of authentication and encryption. The project proposed information models for integration into UCA OpenFMB 2.0 profiles focusing on grid code compliance.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Economic Dispatch With Distributed Energy Resources: Co-Optimization of Transmission and Distribution Systems

The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the distribution networks has turned the conventionally passive load buses into active buses that can provide grid services for the transmission system. To take advantage of the DERs in the distribution networks, this letter formulates a transmission-and-distribution (T&D) systems co-optimization problem that achieves economic dispatch at the transmission level and optimal voltage regulation at the distribution level by leveraging large generators and DERs. A primal-dual gradient algorithm is proposed to solve this optimization problem jointly for T&D systems, and a distributed market-based equivalent of the gradient algorithm is used for practical implementation. Finally, the results are corroborated by numerical examples with the IEEE 39-Bus system connected with 7 different distribution networks.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Valuing wind as a distributed energy resource: A literature review

As more distributed energy resources are deployed on electric grid systems across the world, it is important to identify, characterize, and quantify the value elements of different types of distributed energy resources so that policymakers, developers, and utilities can make informed energy deployment decisions. This paper focuses on the value of wind energy as a distributed energy resource (i.e., “distributed wind”). Because of a lack of distributed wind-specific valuation studies, in this review we document the current state of distributed energy resource valuation, analyze a wide array of distributed energy resource valuation metastudies, and identify several value elements for which we recommend developing more robust and standardized calculation methodologies for their potential inclusion in distributed wind valuation. These value elements are ancillary services and locational, resilience, reliability, and resource diversity benefits. Furthermore, this work lays the foundation for a future comprehensive framework for distributed wind valuation studies.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Fault Response of Distributed Energy Resources Considering the Requirements of IEEE 1547-2018

Inverter-based DER responses to faults on the electric power system are different than those of conventional generators and are often poorly understood. Inverter fault responses are largely software-defined, within physics-based constraints. DERs are regulated by standards and grid codes that also constrain their responses. Though fault response of DERs will vary widely, for any DER following any particular standard, a pattern of fault response can be synthesized by observing that particular standard. In this paper, the recently published IEEE 1547-2018 is examined to explore the general fault response of any DER that follows IEEE 1547-2018. Additionally, an IEEE 1547-2018 compliant inverter model is developed and tested in simulation to find the fault response, and that response is compared with the fault response of a commercial off-the-shelf inverter.

41 EE - Solar Energy Technologies Office (EE-4S)↗
DOE OSTI2026

How Distributed Energy Resources Can Support Resilience in Utility Distribution Networks

The goal of this webinar is to engage with electric utilities in the Midwest, particularly small public utilities, to understand the industry's needs for science tools to plan for winter resilience in the future, designing tools that will benefit electric power resilience in all communities. Michigan Tech leads this project with partners from multiple academic, government, and industry groups and asked NLR to present on DERs and laboratory tools and resources.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Distributed Energy Resources Cybersecurity Framework & Risk Manager

Distributed Energy Resource Cybersecurity Framework (DER-CF) provides a holistic assessment for evaluating the cybersecurity posture of DER systems - filling an important gap that expands upon existing cybersecurity frameworks for more modern energy systems. The DER-CF is available as a written framework and an interactive Web tool. Distributed Energy Resource Risk Manager (DER-RM) process adheres closely to NIST's seven risk management steps: prepare, categorize, select, implement, assess, monitor, and authorize. This added feature is independent of the DER-CF's existing self-assessment and allows managers to focus on the RMF process.

cybersecurity↗