Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “circulating fluidized bed”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Circulating fluidized bed with moving bed downcomers and gas sealing between reactors

A system and process for carrying out one or more chemical reactions are provided and include one or more chemical reactors having particulate solids forming a bed therein, and a gas stripping zone forming a non-mechanical seal between said reactors which includes a conduit connecting the reactors. The conduit includes an inlet for a stripping gas which is adapted to prevent process gas from passing between reactors while permitting particulate solids to pass between reactors.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Evaluation of wall boundary condition parameters for gas-solids fluidized bed simulations

Wall boundary conditions for the solids phase have significant effects on numerical predictions of various gas-solids fluidized beds. Several models for the granular flow wall boundary condition are available in the open literature for numerical modeling of gas-solids flow. In this study, a model for specularity coefficient used in Johnson and Jackson boundary conditions by Li and Benyahia (AIChE Journal, 2012, 58, 2058-2068) is implemented in the open-source CFD code-MFIX. The variable specularity coefficient model provides a physical way to calculate the specularity coefficient needed by the partial-slip boundary conditions for the solids phase. Through a series of 2-D numerical simulations of bubbling fluidized bed and circulating fluidized bed riser, the model predicts qualitatively consistent trends to the previous studies. Furthermore, a quantitative comparison is conducted between numerical results of variable and constant specularity coefficients to investigate the effect of spatial and temporal variations in specularity coefficient.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Assessment of model parameters in MFiX particle-in-cell approach

The limitations in numerical treatment of solids-phase in conventional methods like Discrete Element Model and Two-Fluid Model have facilitated the development of alternative techniques such as Particle-In-Cell (PIC). However, a number of parameters are involved in PIC due to its empiricism. In this work, global sensitivity analysis of PIC model parameters is performed under three distinct operating regimes common in chemical engineering applications, viz. settling bed, bubbling fluidized bed and circulating fluidized bed. Simulations were performed using the PIC method in Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges (MFiX) developed by National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). A non-intrusive uncertainty quantification (UQ) based approach is applied using Nodeworks to first construct an adequate surrogate model and then identify the most influential parameters in each case. This knowledge will aid in developing an effective design of experiments and determine optimal parameters through techniques such as deterministic or statistical calibration.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2018

Transient Cold Flow Simulation of Fast Fluidized Bed Fuel Reactors for Chemical-Looping Combustion

Circulating fluidized bed in chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a recent technology that provides great advantage for gas–solid interaction and efficiency. In order to obtain a thorough understanding of this technology and to assess its effectiveness for industrial scale deployment, numerical simulations are conducted. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed with dense discrete phase model (DDPM) to simulate the gas–solid interactions. CFD commercial software ansysfluent is used for the simulations. Two bed materials of different particle density and diameter, namely the molochite and Fe100, are used in studying the hydrodynamics and particle behavior in a fuel reactor corresponding to the experimental setup of Haider et al. (2016, “A Hydrodynamic Study of a Fast-Bed Dual Circulating Fluidized Bed for Chemical Looping Combustion,” Energy Technol., 4(10), pp. 1254–1262.) at Cranfield University in the UK. Both the simulations show satisfactory agreement with the experimental data for both the static pressure and volume fraction at various heights above the gas inlet in the reactor. It is found that an appropriate drag law should be used in the simulation depending on the particle size and flow conditions in order to obtain accurate results. Furthermore, the simulations demonstrate the ability of CFD/DDPM to accurately capture the physics of circulating fluidized bed-based CLC process at pilot scale which can be extended to industrial scale projects.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Development of Enabling Technologies for Chemical Looping Combustion and Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (Final Report)

This report summarizes results from the project, “Development of Enabling Technologies for Chemical Looping Combustion and Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling,” which evaluated several aspects of dual fluidized bed chemical looping combustion and chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU). The objective was to provide tools and enabling technologies to help advance fluidized bed chemical looping technology to pilot, demonstration and commercial scale. One focus area is oxygen carriers, which are key to chemical looping combustion. The copper oxygen carrier-coal ash system was systematically evaluated through a combination of thermodynamic modeling and lab-scale experiments, taking into consideration different oxygen carrier support materials and coal types. A method of mapping “safe” and “risk” zones for different combinations was established, and recommendations for target conditions are provided. In addition, a simple solution for limiting negative influence of some coal ashes, namely adding small amounts of calcium to the system, is proposed. In addition, a novel process for recovering and recycling copper from spent oxygen carriers is proposed. A new approach for design and operation of loop seals in a CLOU system was developed, and involves distinct gas injection points and a short horizontal section to help control the fate of the fluidizing gases. For the air-to-fuel reactor loop seal, the upstream side is fluidized with air, ideally input into the side rather than into the bottom, which prevents uncoupling (reduction) of the oxygen carrier before entering the fuel reactor. Also, alternative for separating oxygen carrier particles and gas in circulating fluidized bed-based chemical looping system is proposed. A new reduced reaction scheme for conversion of coal in copper-based CLOU was developed and implemented into CPFD Software’s Barracuda VR package. The resulting model provides higher fidelity than the baseline, especially when it comes to minor reactions that are part of the overall combustion environment. For in-reactor heat extraction, it was determined in this project that the best way to do that in a dual circulating fluidized-bed system is through heat exchange low in the air reactor. The air reactor is the hotter of the two and for a fast-fluidized circulating bed, the lower, more dense section has a higher heat transfer coefficient and offers more consistent particle-wall contact since it doesn’t have the splashing behavior the top of the bed does. It was determined that just the wall surface area in the lower quarter to third of the air reactor is sufficient to control temperatures in both reactors. Finally, consideration was given to a new concept for CLC, which involves a staged fuel reactor with a different type of oxygen carrier in each stage.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2014

Model-free adaptive control of supercritical circulating fluidized-bed boilers

A novel 3-Input-3-Output (3.times.3) Fuel-Air Ratio Model-Free Adaptive (MFA) controller is introduced, which can effectively control key process variables including Bed Temperature, Excess O2, and Furnace Negative Pressure of combustion processes of advanced boilers. A novel 7-input-7-output (7.times.7) MFA control system is also described for controlling a combined 3-Input-3-Output (3.times.3) process of Boiler-Turbine-Generator (BTG) units and a 5.times.5 CFB combustion process of advanced boilers. Those boilers include Circulating Fluidized-Bed (CFB) Boilers and Once-Through Supercritical Circulating Fluidized-Bed (OTSC CFB) Boilers.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Mass transfer effects in a gasification riser

In the development of multiphase reacting computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes, a number of simplifications were incorporated into the codes and models. One of these simplifications was the use of a simplistic mass transfer correlation for the faster reactions and omission of mass transfer effects completely on the moderate speed and slow speed reactions such as those in a fluidized bed gasifier. Another problem that has propagated is that the mass transfer correlation used in the codes is not universal and is being used far from its developed bubbling fluidized bed regime when applied to circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser reactors. These problems are true for the major CFD codes. To alleviate this problem, a mechanistic based mass transfer coefficient algorithm has been developed based upon an earlier work by Breault et al. This fundamental approach uses the local hydrodynamics to predict a local, time varying mass transfer coefficient. The predicted mass transfer coefficients and the corresponding Sherwood numbers agree well with literature data and are typically about an order of magnitude lower than the correlation noted above. The incorporation of the new mass transfer model gives the expected behavior for all the gasification reactions evaluated in the paper. At the expected and typical design values for the solid flow rate in a CFB riser gasifier an ANOVA analysis has shown the predictions from the new code to be significantly different from the original code predictions. The new algorithm should be used such that the conversions are not over predicted. Additionally, its behaviors with changes in solid flow rate are consistent with the changes in the hydrodynamics.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗