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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

An initial framework for the rapid qualification of long-term creep rupture strength via microstructural modeling

This report describes the development and testing of a new method for extrapolating short-term creep rupture test data to predict long-term rupture strength. The goal of this work is to reduce the time required to qualify new materials for nuclear service by reducing the lead time required for dedicated, long-term material testing to establish key long-term material properties. The new approach described here uses a physics-based model to predict the long-term creep rupture strength of 316H stainless steel using only short-term test data. The key idea is to use Bayesian inference to find the statistical distribution of the model parameters that best explain the short-term rupture data. Because the model is physics-based these parameters are all microstructural quantities that can be measured through detailed material characterization experiments. The Bayesian prior distributions provide a means for incorporating this characterization data into the final model to improve the accuracy of the long-term model predictions. However, where such data is not available the process still produces an accurate model based on an uniformed prior. Our hypothesis is that this approach more accurately extrapolates the short-term test data when compared to current, empirical methods. The report proves this hypothesis using actual long-term rupture data available for 316H, including tests with rupture times greater than 200,000 hours. The general approach developed here could be applied to other materials and other time-dependent material properties. Applying this new technique to develop long-term qualified material properties, potentially in conjunction with other accelerated qualification approaches like staggered qualification test programs, could greatly reduce the time required to qualify new materials for nuclear service.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

FY21 Status Report on Creep Rupture Testing at ANL to Support the Development of Alloy 709 Code Case

This report provides an update on the status of the creep rupture testing on the first commercial heat of Alloy 709 in support of the Alloy 709 Code Case development. Creep tests were performed in air on the lever-arm load frames in the Mechanical and Environmental Testing Laboratory at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). In FY21, the focus was on the age-hardened ESR-1150°C material. Twenty two tests were initiated, among which ten were completed. This report presents the data from the completed tests. Metallographic characterization of the fractured specimens were performed and the results are included. The creep data enabled the preliminary analysis of the creep behavior of this material. The characterization showed the effect of test temperature and stress on the deformation microstructure.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

ASME Code change proposal to implement new universal high temperature constitutive models for Section III, Division 5

This report completes work on a universal high temperature constitutive model suitable for use with the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section III, Division 5 rules for the design by inelastic analysis of Class A nuclear reactor components. The goals of this work are to provide a simple model form that adequately captures the high temperature response of materials and can be applied to any future Code material. Additionally, the report describes an automated process for calibrating a model against test data. The idea is to simplify the effort required to generate a constitutive model for an arbitrary material, provided test data is available. This will accelerate the process of qualifying new Code materials in the future. In addition, the report provides calibrated models and detailed validation comparisons to test data for five currently-qualified or soon-to-be qualified materials: 316H, Grade 91, Alloy 800H, Alloy 617, and Alloy 709. The report surveys the available data for the remaining two ASME Class Materials --- 2.25Cr-1Mo and 304H --- concluding that there is enough data data to generate a model for 2.25Cr-1Mo steel provided some additional sources of non-public data can be included in the test database, but that a dedicated cyclic test campaign would be needed for 304H. Supplemental material includes the full text of an ASME Code change proposal to incorporate the models for the four currently-qualified Class A material, detailed validation comparisons to test data for the five material models, and input files for reference implementations of the constitutive models in the NEML and NEML2 modeling frameworks.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Outdoor performance of a tandem InGaP/Si photovoltaic luminescent solar concentrator

Here, we report the design, fabrication and outdoor characterization of a tandem luminescent solar concentrator/Si multi-junction photovoltaic module. Our tandem LSC/Si device consists of an InGaP LSC functioning as a top cell and a passivated contact Si bottom cell. The LSC comprises of an InGaP microcell array coupled to a polymer waveguide, loaded with CdSe/CdS core-shell quantum dot luminophores. The light trapping efficiency of the LSC waveguide is enhanced by encapsulation with photoluminescence trapping mirrors consisting of dielectric multilayer thin films. We demonstrate the performance of the LSC/Si device through a series of outdoor tests under various irradiance conditions conducted at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. We report the first outdoor testing data of an LSC/Si tandem module, displaying maintained performance across varied diffusivity conditions for the LSC component. Finally, we model the tandem module performance using a ray optic simulation-based multiphysics model and forecast a pathway for high efficiency tandem LSC/Si module performance.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Long-Term PCT of ILAW Glasses (Final Report FY2020)

About 50 million gallons of high-level mixed waste is currently stored in underground tanks at The United States Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Hanford site in the State of Washington. The Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) will provide DOE’s Office of River Protection (ORP) with a means of treating this waste by vitrification for subsequent disposal. The tank waste will be separated into low- and high-activity waste fractions, which will then be vitrified respectively into Immobilized Low Activity Waste (ILAW) and Immobilized High Level Waste (IHLW) products. The ILAW product will be disposed in a near-surface engineered facility – the Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF) – on the Hanford site, while the IHLW product is designed for deep geological disposal in a national facility for high-level nuclear waste. The ILAW and IHLW products must meet a variety of requirements with respect to protection of the environment before they can be accepted for disposal. The objective of the work described in this report is to perform testing, data collection, and analyses for the ILAW glass product for subsequent use in the performance assessment (PA) of the IDF to assess potential environmental risks associated with long-term storage.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

FY2021 Long-Term PCT of ILAW Glasses

Approximately 54 to 56 million gallons of radioactive waste is currently stored in underground tanks at The United States Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Hanford site in the State of Washington. The Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) will provide DOE’s Office of River Protection (ORP) with a means of treating this waste by vitrification for subsequent disposal. The tank waste will be separated into low- and high-activity waste fractions, which will then be vitrified respectively into Immobilized Low Activity Waste (ILAW) and Immobilized High Level Waste (IHLW) products. The ILAW product will be disposed in a near-surface engineered facility – the Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF) – on the Hanford site, while the IHLW product is designed for deep geological disposal in a national facility for high-level nuclear waste. The ILAW and IHLW products must meet a variety of requirements with respect to protection of the environment before they can be accepted for disposal. The objective of the work described in this report is to perform testing, data collection, and analyses for the ILAW glass product for subsequent use in the performance assessment (PA) of the IDF to assess potential environmental risks associated with long-term storage.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2024

American-Made Geothermal Geophone Prize: Ultra-High Temperature Seismic Tool for Geothermal Wells Summary Report

This work was conducted in support of the American Made Geothermal Prize. The following data summary report presents the testing conducted at Sandia National Labs to validate the performance of the Ultra-High Temperature Seismic Tool for Geothermal Wells. The goal of the testing was to measure the sensitivity of the device to seismic vibrations and reliability of the instrument at elevated temperatures. To this end, two tests were conducted: 1) Ambient Temperature Seismic Testing, which measured the response of the tool to a sweep of frequencies from 1 to 1000 Hz, and 2) Elevated Temperature Survivability Testing which measured the voltage response of the device at 225°C over a month-long testing window. The details of the testing methodology and summary of the tests are presented herein.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

FY24 Integrated Results for High-Temperature Mechanical Testing of LPBF 316H Stainless Steel

This report provides the mechanical test data of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 316H stainless steel (SS) collected during Fiscal Year 2024 (FY 24) under the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy’s Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies program, along with the current state of microstructural-based understandings of the behaviors. Materials with variabilities in manufacturing site, machine, laser parameters, powder chemistry, porosity, specimen geometry and heat treatment were tested in high-temperature tension, creep, fatigue and creep-fatigue. Electron microscopy and optical microscopy were performed on selected materials before and after the tests to provide microstructural-based understandings to the mechanical behavior. It was discovered that the as-built (AB) and stress-relieved (SR) materials exhibit similar behaviors in tension and creep, as do the solution-annealed (SA) and hot-isostatic pressed (HIP) materials. The AB and SR materials are softer but more ductile than the SA and HIP materials in tension. In creep, the LPBF materials have comparable rupture times but lower rupture strains compared to the wrought materials. The AB and SR materials have low creep rupture strains (<10%) when tested at 720°C and 800°C, while the SA and HIP materials are much more ductile. The LPBF materials exhibit large scatter in fatigue and creep-fatigue lives. The cyclic lives of creep-fatigue tests are lower than those of fatigue tests. In fatigue and creep-fatigue, SR materials outperform SA materials. A common observation from the cyclic tests is that, given the same post-build heat treatment, a lower initial peak stress generally results in a longer cyclic life regardless of hold time. It was also discovered that the batch variation can be more impactful than heat treatment, as demonstrated by the overall better performance of one batch of material than another, regardless of the heat treatment. The results provided insights into how different factors impact the behaviors of LPBF 316H SS. An outlook to FY 25 work scope is provided.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Report on the recovery of legacy 1997-1998 Depth-of-Burial / Tunnel-and-Hole-Closure explosion data from the Kazakhstan former Soviet nuclear test site, Semipalatinsk.

In 1996, negotiations between the National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan (NNC), the U.S. Defense Special Weapons Administration (DSWA) and the U.S. Department of Energy led to an agreement for a joint series of experiments at the former Soviet nuclear test site Semipalatinsk (STS). These experiments had a dual purpose: to close holes and tunnels originally created for the purpose of testing nuclear weapons, and to characterize explosive sources at a former nuclear test site. This report covers the recovery of legacy data from the experiments conduct in 1997 and 1998. Two teams collected data. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), in collaboration with the NNC, collected the near-source (local) data out to approximately 20 km. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), with funding from Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLNL), also in collaboration with NNC, collected regional data, 200 – 1000 km distant, leveraging the KZ regional seismic network that LDEO had recently installed in collaboration with NNC. The two teams also worked together to some extent, regarding instrumentation and planning. This report primarily addresses the near-source data collected by the LANL/NNC team.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
DOE OSTI2024

Updated ASME design correlations and qualification plan for powder bed fusion 316H stainless steel

This report provides an update on the Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies (AMMT) program effort to qualify Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) 316H stainless steel for use with the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section III, Division 5 rules. The report summarizes progress in testing and characterizing L-PBF material at elevated temperatures by providing preliminary design data for L-PBF 316H and by comparing the elevated temperature performance of the L-PBF material to wrought and conventional fusion welded 316H. The report then updates the initial AMMT qualification plan for L-PBF 316H, originally developed in 2023, to update the accelerated qualification strategy adopted in that plan to account for the new high temperature test data. The report also explores a few methods for further accelerating the qualification process using machine learning techniques to supplement the more conventional, empirical analysis methods typically used by ASME to correlate and extrapolate time-dependent material test data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

On High-Temperature Dynamometer Test Stand Development

RePED is a novel prototype alternator that has been designed and built to operate at 35 kW under 250 degrees C ambient temperature conditions. The operating efficiency will be measured using a 225-kW motor to drive the machine in a back-to-back configuration. The goal is to determine if the RePED alternator can deliver 35 kW at a rotational speed of 1,000 rpm while operating in 250 degrees C ambient temperature and have a minimum efficiency of 60%. Dynamometer testing of a high-temperature alternator for geothermal drilling presents several unique challenges, especially around maintaining and managing the various sources and types of energy passing through the system without impacting data quality. The objectives of this report are to (1) describe the test stand in detail, the relative orientation of each major component, and the data acquisition system and (2) discuss the behavior of the test stand components such that this report can serve as a reference document for future projects.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

2024 Photovoltaic Inverter Reliability Workshop Summary Report & Proceedings

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) organized the 2024 Photovoltaic Inverter Reliability Workshop on April 11-12, 2024, hosted at NREL's South Table Mountain campus in Golden, Colorado. The workshop was organized around seven key topics, including the present state of inverter reliability; solutions for reliability challenges; life cycle cost and ownership issues; testing, standards, performance, and reliability metrics; data reporting, analytics, and sharing; and the future of PV inverter reliability research. Participants included inverter manufacturers, national laboratory researchers, academics, independent testing laboratories, and more. Over the course of the two-day workshop, attendees arrived at several key priorities and conclusions. This report summarizes these conclusions and then collects presentations from the workshop into a record of the workshop's proceedings.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

FY20 Status Report on Creep Rupture Testing to Support the Development of Alloy 709 Code Case

This report provides an update on the status of the creep rupture testing on the first commercial heat of Alloy 709 in support of the Alloy 709 Code Case development. A creep test laboratory has been set up at ANL that comprises of 15 indirectly loaded test frames capable of testing ASTM-size specimens of the commercial heat of Alloy 709. The systems are equipped with high temperature furnaces capable of operation up to 1000°C in an air environment. During FY18, uniaxial ASTM-sized creep specimens were fabricated from 9 Alloy 709 plates that were processed by AOD, ESR, and ESR-homogenized routes and subsequently solution annealed at 1050, 1100, and 1150°C, and creep-rupture tests were performed at 330MPa and 600°C. The test results led to the down selection of the ESR-1100°C condition to support the code case. In FY19, 15 creep-rupture tests of the ESR-1100°C material, requiring the use of Type K thermocouples, were initiated to support the 100,000-hour Code Case. 8 tests were completed in FY19. In FY20, 6 tests were completed at the time of writing this report. In addition, 1 more test were loaded in FY20, using Type S thermocouples, and was completed. This report presents the data from the completed tests in FY20 and also the microstructural characterization of the fractured specimens. The creep data enabled the preliminary analysis of the creep behavior of this material. The characterization showed that in brittle fractures, the pores were narrow and thin, and elongated in the direction perpendicular to the loading direction, while in ductile fractures, the pores were much rounder. Dense precipitates were observed in all the samples, the size of which grew with test temperature. Some of the precipitates could be identified to be M23C6 based on their cuboid shape.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Washington Air-Sea Interaction Research Facility Waves and Currents Test Data

This archive includes data from the University of Washington WASIRF (Washington Air-Sea Interaction Research Facility) flume. WASIRF is a laboratory testing tank at the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center designed to investigate wind-wave-current interactions. It includes test data for simultaneous waves and current generation done at the WASIRF lab. A report included in the archive further details testing methodology. Wave and current data is provided in .dat files.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2023

CHIPFoam Modification to Allow for Modelling SWIFT Foams

SWIFT (Silicon-water in Familiar Template) foams are silicone foams that have a continuous porosity without having any obvious spherical or ellipsoidal pore shapes. Like other foamed rubber, SWIFT foams can experience large reversible deformations. Because of their microstructure, SWIFT foams have a stiffering behavior in compression that is very abrupt compared to most other foamed rubbers. Work by Benedikt reported by Miller showed that fitting compressive test data with the CHIPFoam model in its current form is impractical and inaccurate. This report describes an extension made to CHIPFoam to allow the modeling of SWIFT foams. While the extension allows the modeling of SWIFT foams, it also extends the range of porosity of foams that can be modelled with CHIPFoam to include very high porosity (>99%) foamed rubber. The previous model was unstable for porosities greater than 70%. The changes made to CHIPFoam include the introduction of a critical porosity at which the compressible Danielsson strain energy function that couples volumetric and deviatoric mechanical behavior begins to increase with compression. This new feature also required the introduction of a third term in the multiplicative decomposition of the relative volume, J . The organization of this report is described here. The first section, SWIFT Foam Structure and Mechanical Behavior, describes the structure of SWIFT foams as contrasted to other foamed rubbers. It also contrasts the mechanical behavior of SWIFT foams to other more traditional foamed rubbers. The second section, CHIPFoam Modifications, describes the specific modifications done to be able to modify the delayed rapid compressive stiffening seen in SWIFT foams. The third section, Results, demonstrates the use of the modified model to fit compressive loading response data from a SWIFT foam sample. The fourth section, Conclusions and Further Work, puts the work in perspective and presents likely further work.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

A call to standardize metrics for monitoring baleen whales near marine construction activities

Effective monitoring is necessary to protect marine mammal species during the construction of offshore infrastructure. The tools for detecting or monitoring marine mammals span traditional (e.g., visual observers, optical cameras), to newer (e.g., passive acoustic monitoring, infrared cameras, tags), and emerging (e.g., satellite imagery, environmental DNA, dimethyl sulfide concentration) technologies. Some are better suited for use during offshore development; however, peer-reviewed literature does not typically evaluate and report on the performance of these various technologies. We define a minimum set of metrics related to efficacy (i.e., confusion matrix, precision and recall, probability of missed mitigation), detection range (i.e., maximum and reliable detection range, spatial resolution), and data delivery (i.e., detection latency, system reliability, temporal resolution) that we recommend are needed to assess the utility of monitoring technologies for this purpose. Following a literature review of relevant studies, we highlight which publications reported these metrics and used multiple technologies to compare relative performance. We also emphasize the benefits of multi-modal approaches and recommend performance assessments through modeling or large-scale collaborative field testing. These metrics will standardize data collection, reporting, and analysis; promote consistent and comparable results; and foster collaboration among developers, regulatory agencies, and scientists. This may lead to the co-development of technology that achieves multiple goals, has greater application, and can answer research questions while collecting data to fulfill permitting requirements. These metrics may also inform decisions on what systems regulatory agencies might consider using and reduce monitoring costs, which is critical to support the marine sector's rapid growth alongside marine mammal conservation.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗