NASA requirements for the sterilization of spacecraft
NASA requirements for decontamination and sterilization of planetary landing capsules
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NASA requirements for decontamination and sterilization of planetary landing capsules
Philosophy and technology of unmanned spacecraft sterilization and planetary quarantine
Cleaning procedure effects on sterilization of spacecraft components
Avoidance of contamination of extraterrestrial planets with earth organisms by sterilization of unmanned spacecraft
Bio-isolator suit system for sterile spacecraft assembly facility
Necessity for spacecraft sterilization requirement to prevent planetary environment contamination in detecting extraterrestrial life
Spacecraft sterilization training manual provides a basic understanding of microbiological techniques and presents scientific information in language intelligible to shop personnel.
Microbiological indicator for dry heat spacecraft sterilization
Statistical models for spacecraft sterilization and microbial growths
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Unmanned spacecraft sterilization and navigation to avoid interplanetary contamination
Spacecraft sterilization techniques for space exploration, discussing mathematical models for planetary quarantine and contamination by nonlanding vehicles
The United States is about to embark on an ambitious program of Lunar and Space Exploration. This program will not only serve the needs of the national and international scientific community but will also enhance the prestige of the United States in the eyes of the peoples of the world.There are many problems associated with such pioneering investigations, among which is included the effecting of adequate safe- guards against biological contamination of celestial bodies with ter- restrial microorganisms. In the not too distant future, the reverse problem of preventing contamination of our terrestrial body with extraterrestrial microorganisms must be considered. In order to determine the current status of decontamination and sterilization procedures and to arrive at areas of research required in order to increase the knowledge in this field, the NASA sponsored a meeting at which time this problem was discussed. Invitations to attend this meeting were extended to agencies actively concerned with the development of spacecraft and launch vehicles as well as those groups involved in the investigation and development of decontamination and sterilization techniques. The meeting was held in Washington, D, C. on June 29, 1960. The recorded minutes of this meeting, which have been edited, are included in this paper, as well as a listing of recommendations resulting from the deliberations.
Microbial surface sampling techniques for spacecraft sterilization program
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The maintenance of a NASA policy, is consistent with international agreements. The planetary protection policy management in OSS, with Field Center support. The advice from internal and external advisory groups (NRC, NAC/Planetary Protection Task Force). The technology research and standards development in bioload characterization. The technology research and development in bioload reduction/sterilization. This presentation focuses on: forward contamination - research on the potential for Earth life to exist on other bodies, improved strategies for planetary navigation and collision avoidance, and improved procedures for sterile spacecraft assembly, cleaning and/or sterilization; and backward contamination - development of sample transfer and container sealing technologies for Earth return, improvement in sample return landing target assessment and navigation strategy, planning for sample hazard determination requirements and procedures, safety certification, (liaison to NEO Program Office for compositional data on small bodies), facility planning for sample recovery system, quarantine, and long-term curation of 4 returned samples.
Facility for sterilization of space flight vehicles permitting sterile access to flight hardware for assembly, checkout and repair