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All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2022

HERO WEC V1.0 - WEC-Sim Detailed Simulation Runs and Summary Data

Data sets from simulation runs include 144 wave cases that were run based on the WEC-Sim model (https://mhkdr.openei.org/submissions/483). The 144 wave cases represent waves with the following wave height and wave period ranges: - Significant Wave Height: 0.25 - 4.0m in 0.25m increments - Wave Period: 5 - 13 sec in 1 sec increments Each run was simulated using a Pierson-Moskowitz irregular wave spectrum with a 200 second ramp time and a total simulation time of 2,200 seconds. Summary data set includes a spreadsheet and image files with matrices that are associated with data from simulation runs. All matrices cover the same significant wave height and wave periods from the sim runs, in the same increments. The following matrices are included: - Mechanical Power Input: Absorbed power calculated using linear input velocity at PTO (power take-off) multiplied by winch tension. - Mechanical Power Output: The hydraulic power calculated at the pump output prior to the pressure relief valve dump. - Feed Pressure: Average pressure at RO (reverse osmosis) input prior to pre-filters - RO Power Input: The hydraulic power calculated at the RO system inlet, accounts for flow loss due to pressure relief valve - Water Production: Average clean water flow at RO output

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗

DOE OSTI2022

HJET performance in RHIC Run 22

In Run 22, the polarized proton beams were resumed at RHIC after four years of heavy ion beam operation. Here we compare HJET performance in the 255 GeV proton Runs 17 and 22. It was found that analyzing power calibration obtained in Run 17 can be used in Run 22 absolute proton beam polarization measurements. Results for average absolute proton beam polarization in the RHIC Run 22 stores are presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2025

The 2024 Run in the Injectors

The injectors provided polarized protons to RHIC for most of Run 24. That was followed by 3 weeks of Gold at 9.8 GeV/n using Tandem. Physics with PP was first declared on May 1 st and the PP portion of the run ended on Sept. 30 th . The standard BU4/AU4 setup was used for most of it. Although, from Sept. 7 th to 30 th the AGS skew quad setup (BU4/AU6) was used instead. More work was done on the Split/Merge setup (BU3/AU3) initially developed in Run 22. A two Linac pulse setup was also developed this run (BU4/AU2). As far as PP work in the injectors goes this note will focus on the standard, Split/Merge, and Two Linac pulse setups. The 9.8 GeV/n Tandem Au setup was essentially the same as in Run 23. The injector setup for Helium-3 from EBIS (BU7/AU7), which was used for an APEX study in RHIC on August 7 th , will be covered as well.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Mu2e Run I Sensitivity Projections for the Neutrinoless Conversion Search in Aluminum

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for the neutrinoless conversion in the field of an aluminum nucleus. The Mu2e data-taking plan assumes two running periods, Run I and Run II, separated by an approximately two-year-long shutdown. This paper presents an estimate of the expected Mu2e Run I search sensitivity and includes a detailed discussion of the background sources, uncertainties of their prediction, analysis procedures, and the optimization of the experimental sensitivity. The expected Run I discovery sensitivity is , with a total expected background of events. In the absence of a signal, the expected upper limit is at 90% CL. This represents a three order of magnitude improvement over the current experimental limit of at 90% CL set by the SINDRUM II experiment.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Run 2/3 measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment by the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab

The Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab seeks to measure the muon magnetic moment anomaly, $a_μ=(g-2)/2$, with a final target precision of 0.14 parts-per-million (ppm). The experiment's initial result, published in 2021 using Run 1 data from 2018, confirmed the previous measurement at Brookhaven National Laboratory with a comparable sensitivity of 0.46 ppm. In 2023, a new result based on Run 2 and Run 3 data, collected in 2019 and 2020, was released. These datasets contain four times the data from Run 1, significantly enhancing sensitivity and achieving an unprecedented uncertainty of 0.20 ppm. This advancement resulted in a two-fold improvement in both statistical and systematic uncertainties. Here, we will discuss the muon $g-2$ measurement, the increased precision relative to the Run 1 result, and provide an outlook on future measurements which will incorporate datasets from 2021 to 2023. Additionally, we will explore the implications of comparing the new measurements with the latest Standard Model predictions for muon g-2.

Zaid, Estifa'a [Liverpool U.]↗

DOE OSTI2024

Model run output for WM-ABM 2024 HESS Publication

Model output for computational experiments introducing WM-ABM. See associated HESS publication here: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-1604/ all_nldas_cdl_data_v3.txt - Cropland Data Layer data aggregated to 1/8 degree resolution for input into the PMP calibration process. Variables include NLDAS ID, crop type, year, the count of pixels in the grid cell of the crop type, CDL crop ID, and GCAM crop ID. 20230115 ABM runs - WM-ABM model outputs for various scenarios described in HESS publication. If multiple versions exist (e.g., v2, v3, etc.) latest version indicates dataset generated for manuscript. The "baseline" run is the primary run, where as the "memXX" runs indicate sensitivity runs testing different parameters of agent memory. Output files starting with "abm_results_" include groundwater irrigated acres and surface water irrigated acres for each farm/agent combination. Other CSV outputs provide summary statistics of various agent and water shortage outcomes, used for generation of figures in the HESS manuscript.

ABM↗

NASA NTRS2012

A Novel Technique for Running the NASA Legacy Code LAPIN Synchronously With Simulations Developed Using Simulink

This report presents a method for running a dynamic legacy inlet simulation in concert with another dynamic simulation that uses a graphical interface. The legacy code, NASA's LArge Perturbation INlet (LAPIN) model, was coded using the FORTRAN 77 (The Portland Group, Lake Oswego, OR) programming language to run in a command shell similar to other applications that used the Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA). Simulink (MathWorks, Natick, MA) is a dynamic simulation that runs on a modern graphical operating system. The product of this work has both simulations, LAPIN and Simulink, running synchronously on the same computer with periodic data exchanges. Implementing the method described in this paper avoided extensive changes to the legacy code and preserved its basic operating procedure. This paper presents a novel method that promotes inter-task data communication between the synchronously running processes.

Vrnak, Daniel R.↗

DOE OSTI2020

Successes and Challenges of the Integrated Waste Treatment Unit's 50-Day Demonstration Run - 20151

The Integrated Waste Treatment Unit (IWTU) has been tasked with using steam reforming technology to treat 3.4 million liters (900,000 gallons) of radioactive sodium-bearing waste (SBW) at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The project has been hampered by a number of processing issues associated with process equipment during simulant testing, with the two main issues involving the fluidizing gas distribution system in the main reactor vessel, the denitration mineralization reformer (DMR), and high differential pressures in the main filter vessel, the process gas filter (PGF). Following the replacement of the fluidizing gas distribution system in the DMR, a successful 30-day demonstration run was performed that revealed unacceptable bridging in the filter bundles of the PGF. The bundles were replaced with new ones, and a 50-day demonstration run was performed. The main purpose of this run was to operate the IWTU over a range of operating conditions. Overall, the run was a success; however, there were multiple challenges that arose from the run. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2025

Measurement of the muon anomalous precession frequency in runs 4, 5, and 6 of the muon ${g}-2$ Experiment at Fermilab

The Fermilab E989 Muon $g-2$ experiment measures the muon's anomalous magnetic moment to a precision of 127 parts per billion, as reported in June 2025. The value is proportional to the difference between the muon's cyclotron frequency and the spin precession frequency in the presence of a uniform magnetic field, for muons contained within the $g-2$ storage ring. Spin precession frequency is extracted from the time distribution of the muon's decay positrons recorded by 24 electromagnetic calorimeters positioned around the inner circumference of the storage ring. The anomalous precession frequency is one of the primary experimental inputs necessary to estimate the anomalous magnetic moment, the other being the measurement of the magnetic field. This dissertation details the anomalous precession frequency extraction, including reconstruction, time-distribution fitting, and treatment of systematic uncertainties for the final three data-collection runs: Run-4, Run-5, and Run-6. This data represents a fourfold increase in statistics over the previous analysis release, halving the statistical uncertainty. The residual slow term from previous analyses is now well understood and documented in a systematic treatment. As of the writing of this dissertation, the theoretical prediction for the SM estimate of the muon's anomalous magnetic moment is under debate, with two competing prediction methods, so a definitive comparison with theory is not available. The results submitted for experimental release use the kernel-ratio asymmetry method, contributing 115 parts per billion to the statistical uncertainty and 34 parts per billion to the systematic uncertainty. When combined with the previous analyses in earlier data runs, this thereby improves the measurement beyond the experimental goal and sets the world's most precise measurement of the muon's anomalous magnetic moment.

Israel, Scott Nathan [Boston U.]↗

DOE OSTI2025

Measurement of the muon anomalous precession frequency in runs 4, 5, and 6 of the muon ${g}-2$ Experiment at Fermilab

Israel, Scott Nathan [Boston U.]↗

DOE OSTI2026

Measurement of the muon anomalous precession frequency in Runs 4, 5, and 6 of the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab

The Fermilab E989 Muon g − 2 experiment measures the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment to a precision of 127 parts per billion, as reported in June 2025. The value is proportional to the difference between the muon’s cyclotron frequency and the spin precession frequency in the presence of a uniform magnetic field, for muons contained within the g − 2 storage ring. Spin precession frequency is extracted from the time distribution of the muon’s decay positrons recorded by 24 electromagnetic calorimeters positioned around the inner circumference of the storage ring. The anomalous precession frequency is one of the primary experimental inputs necessary to estimate the anomalous magnetic moment, the other being the measurement of the magnetic field. This dissertation details the anomalous precession frequency extraction, including reconstruction, time-distribution fitting, and treatment of systematic uncertainties for the final three data-collection runs: Run-4, Run-5, and Run-6. This data represents a fourfold increase in statistics over the previous analysis release, halving the statistical uncertainty. The residual slow term from previous analyses is now well understood and documented in a systematic treatment. As of the writing of this dissertation, the theoretical prediction for the SM estimate of the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment is under debate, with two competing prediction methods, so a definitive comparison with theory is not available. The results submitted for experimental release use the kernel-ratio asymmetry method, contributing 115 parts per billion to the statistical uncertainty and 34 parts per billion to the systematic uncertainty. When combined with the previous analyses in earlier data runs, this thereby improves the measurement beyond the experimental goal and sets the world’s most precise measurement of the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment.

Israel, Scott Nathan [Boston U.]↗

DOE OSTI2024

Capturing the run-in of a pebble-bed reactor by using thermal feedback and high-fidelity neutronics simulations

Modeling the run-in of a pebble-bed reactor (PBR) can be challenging as a result of changes in the power, fuel type, and temperatures that occur throughout the run-in period. Previous work utilized high-fidelity neutronics simulations or lower-fidelity coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics models to capture the general characteristics of the run-in process. Here, the present work employs high-fidelity neutronics simulations (using Serpent) coupled with thermal-hydraulics simulations (using Griffin–Pronghorn) to capture the thermal feedback present during the run-in and approach to equilibrium for a PBR. Incorporating thermal feedback enables important distinctions to be made about conditions occurring inside the core, as the power distribution, discharge burnup, and isotopic compositions are all affected by the temperature distribution.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Multiphysics Running-In Simulations for Pebble-Bed Reactors with Griffin

Griffin, a Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE)–based application targeting transient modeling of advanced reactors, has been used recently to model pebble-bed reactors (PBRs). The modeling effort has focused thus far on equilibrium core calculations. A new capability to simulate the running-in phase of PBR operation has been added to Griffin. This work demonstrates the new capability with a coupled multiphysics running-in simulation. Griffin computes power densities in the core at each time step of the running-in simulation and passes these to Pronghorn, which models fluid flow and heat transfer to calculate pebble surface temperatures. These surface temperatures are used along with the power densities in a heat conduction model to compute average fuel and moderator temperatures, which are passed back to Griffin and accounted for with temperature-dependent cross sections. This work also describes a novel methodology for determining appropriate pebble feed rates and control rod positioning during the running-in simulation. Furthermore, the RZ-geometry model used in this work requires minimal computational resources and can be used for optimization and uncertainty studies in future works.

Griffin↗

NASA NTRS1997

Effect of reduced gravity on the preferred walk-run transition speed

We investigated the effect of reduced gravity on the human walk-run gait transition speed and interpreted the results using an inverted-pendulum mechanical model. We simulated reduced gravity using an apparatus that applied a nearly constant upward force at the center of mass, and the subjects walked and ran on a motorized treadmill. In the inverted pendulum model for walking, gravity provides the centripetal force needed to keep the pendulum in contact with the ground. The ratio of the centripetal and gravitational forces (mv2/L)/(mg) reduces to the dimensionless Froude number (v2/gL). Applying this model to a walking human, m is body mass, v is forward velocity, L is leg length and g is gravity. In normal gravity, humans and other bipeds with different leg lengths all choose to switch from a walk to a run at different absolute speeds but at approximately the same Froude number (0.5). We found that, at lower levels of gravity, the walk-run transition occurred at progressively slower absolute speeds but at approximately the same Froude number. This supports the hypothesis that the walk-run transition is triggered by the dynamics of an inverted-pendulum system.

Non-NASA Center↗

NASA NTRS1992

Stabilization of gaze during circular locomotion in light. I. Compensatory head and eye nystagmus in the running monkey

1. A rhesus and cynomolgus monkey were trained to run around the perimeter of a circular platform in light. We call this "circular locomotion" because forward motion had an angular component. Head and body velocity in space were recorded with angular rate sensors and eye movements with electrooculography (EOG). From these measurements we derived signals related to the angular velocity of the eyes in the head (Eh), of the head on the body (Hb), of gaze on the body (Gb), of the body in space (Bs), of gaze in space (Gs), and of the gain of gaze (Gb/Bs). 2. The monkeys had continuous compensatory nystagmus of the head and eyes while running, which stabilized Gs during the slow phases. The eyes established and maintained compensatory gaze velocities at the beginning and end of the slow phases. The head contributed to gaze velocity during the middle of the slow phases. Slow phase Gb was as high as 250 degrees/s, and targets were fixed for gaze angles as large as 90-140 degrees. 3. Properties of the visual surround affected both the gain and strategy of gaze compensation in the one monkey tested. Gains of Eh ranged from 0.3 to 1.1 during compensatory gaze nystagmus. Gains of Hb varied around 0.3 (0.2-0.7), building to a maximum as Eh dropped while running past sectors of interest. Consistent with predictions, gaze gains varied from below to above unity, when translational and angular body movements with regard to the target were in opposite or the same directions, respectively. 4. Gaze moved in saccadic shifts in the direction of running during quick phases. Most head quick phases were small, and at times the head only paused during an eye quick phase. Eye quick phases were larger, ranging up to 60 degrees. This is larger than quick phases during passive rotation or saccades made with the head fixed. 5. These data indicate that head and eye nystagmus are natural phenomena that support gaze compensation during locomotion. Despite differential utilization of the head and eyes in various conditions, Gb compensated for Bs. There are various frames of reference in which an estimate of angular velocity that drives the head and eyes could be based. We infer that body in space velocity (Bs) is likely to be represented centrally to provide this signal.

Non-NASA Center↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Green Run Modal Test of the NASA Space Launch System Core Stage

The Core Stage of the new NASA Space Launch System (SLS) is a 212-foot-tall rocket assembly—consisting primarily of two cryogenic propellant tanks, an engine section, and four RS-25 rocket engines—that will send crew and large payloads to the moon and beyond for NASA’s Artemis program. Prior to SLS assembly, the Core Stage completed a series of structural and functional tests in the B-2 Test Stand at Stennis Space Center, designated Green Run. The goal of Green Run was to verify analytical models, confirm proper subsystem operation, and test-fire all four RS-25 engines of the Core Stage. In January 2020, Green Run testing began with an experimental modal analysis test, performed by the Marshal Space Flight Center modal test team. A free-boundary test condition of the Core Stage was simulated as close as possible by suspending the massive launch vehicle from the B-2 Test Stand crane. Modal excitation was provided by a pair of 250-lb electro-dynamic shakers for multi-shaker random vibration testing, as well as a 12-pound instrumented hammer for impact testing. Modal response was measured with 550 accelerometer channels distributed on both the Core Stage and the B-2 Test Stand derrick crane. Following one very long day of testing, frequency response functions were calculated from the measured time histories in the target mode frequency range of 5 Hz to 15 Hz, and mode shapes, frequencies, and damping values were successfully estimated. The case-study presented in this paper will discuss Green Run, the SLS Core Stage, the modal test setup and execution, as well as a brief overview of the test results. Challenges associated with testing such a large, suspended structure in an outdoor environment will be discussed as well.

Space Launch System↗

DOE OSTI2025

Predictive dynamic wetting, fluid–structure interaction simulations for braze run-out

Brazing and soldering are metallurgical joining techniques that use a wetting molten metal to create a joint between two faying surfaces. Here, the quality of the brazing process depends strongly on the wetting properties of the molten filler metal, namely the surface tension and contact angle, and the resulting joint can be susceptible to various defects, such as run-out and underfill, if the material properties or joining conditions are not suitable. In this work, we implement a finite element simulation to predict the formation of such defects in braze processes. This model incorporates both fluid–structure interaction through an arbitrary Eulerian–Lagrangian technique and free surface wetting through conformal decomposition finite element modeling. Upon validating our numerical simulations against experimental run-out studies on a silver-Kovar system, we then use the model to predict run-out and underfill in systems with variable surface tension, contact angles, and applied pressure. Finally, we consider variable joint/surface geometries and show how different geometrical configurations can help to mitigate run-out. This work aims to understand how brazing defects arise and validate a coupled wetting and fluid–structure interaction simulation that can be used for other industrial problems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2021

CMS Full Simulation for Run 3

We report the status of the CMS full simulation for Run 3. During the long shutdown of the LHC a significant update has been introduced to the CMS code for simulation. The CMS geometry description is reviewed. Several important modifications were needed. CMS detector description software is migrated to the DD4Hep community developed tool. We will report on our experience obtained during the process of this migration. Geant4 10.7 is the CMS choice for Run 3 simulation productions. We will discuss arguments for this choice, the strategy of adaptation of a new Geant4 version, and will report on the physics performance of the CMS simulation. A special Geant4 Physics List configuration FTFP_BERT_EMM will be described, which provides a compromise between simulation accuracy and CPU performance. A significant fraction of time for simulation of CMS events is spent on tracking of charged particles in a magnetic field. In the CMS simulation a dynamic choice of Geant4 parameters for tracking in field is implemented. A new method is introduced into simulation of electromagnetic components of hadronic showers in the electromagnetic calorimeter of CMS. For low-energy electrons and positrons a parametrization of GFlash type is applied. Results of tests of this method will be discussed. In summary, we expect about 25% speedup of the CMS simulation production for Run 3 compared to the Run 2 simulations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗