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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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This paper presents an experimental study using field water from the Tuttle geothermal project to investigate geochemical impact when repurposing oil/gas wells for geothermal applications.
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The rapid increase in lipidomic studies has led to a collaborative effort within the community to establish standards and criteria for producing, documenting, and disseminating data. Creating a dynamic checklist that condenses key information about lipidomic experiments into common terminology will enhance the field's consistency, comparability, and repeatability. Here, we describe the structure and rationale of the established Lipidomics Minimal Reporting Checklist to increase transparency in lipidomics research.
Starting in 2026, most batteries sold in the European Union will require a battery passport. This initiative is part of a broader legislative framework, led by the European Commission, to improve sustainable battery materials sourcing practices and enable a circular economy. All batteries having a capacity of greater than 2 kilowatt-hours will be covered under the legislation, effectively encompassing all electric vehicle (EV) batteries and stationary grid storage batteries. At its core, a battery passport defines a minimum, standard set of information that must be reported for every battery made and sold (see Figure 1). Legislative actions have so far focused on labeling standards enabling raw material traceability and recycling, which has received ongoing support from the European Council and Parliament. Furthermore, work remains to finalize the electrochemical performance and durability minimum reporting requirements by 2024, which has been challenging since performance and durability are subject to many different interpretations.
The Al–Cu–Mn–Zr (ACMZ) cast family of alloys offers unique properties and value propositions for higher strength, higher temperature lightweight components of future vehicles. Earlier research has demonstrated trade-offs in the selection of the alloy chemistry in which an increase in Cu content from 6 up to 9 wt% improves hot tear resistance but lowers ductility. However, a recent study has demonstrated that higher-Cu (9Cu) ACMZ fabricated with laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (AM) results in an increase in both ductility and strength when compared to as-aged microstructure of cast 9Cu alloys. The mechanisms of differing mechanical performance of the cast and AM ACMZ alloys are elucidated in the current paper through the utilization of in situ high energy x-ray diffraction (HEXRD) tensile testing wherein lattice strains of different phases are calculated and correlated to their stresses. The ACMZ alloys consisted of theta (θ) and theta prime (θ') phases (both Al 2 Cu in nominal composition) within an aluminum matrix. The larger micron-size θ phase which decorated the grain boundaries in 9Cu ACMZ cast alloys recorded small lattice strains, while the submicron, homogeneously distributed θ phase in the 9Cu ACMZ AM alloy recorded considerably higher lattice strains. The maximum stress reached in the θ phase for the cast 9Cu alloy was found to be ~280 MPa, which was lower than the AM 9Cu alloy which registered a maximum stress of ~1.4 GPa. These measurements indicate that delayed fracture of the finer intermetallic phases simultaneously improves the ductility and strength of AM 9Cu alloy relative to the cast 9Cu alloy, which exhibits early fracture of the larger intermetallic particles.
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The former CMS Run 2 High Level Trigger (HLT) farm is one of the largest contributors to CMS compute resources, providing about 25k job slots for offline computing. This CPU farm was initially employed as an opportunistic resource, exploited during inter-fill periods, in the LHC Run 2. Since then, it has become a nearly transparent extension of the CMS capacity at CERN, being located on-site at the LHC interaction point 5 (P5), where the CMS detector is installed. This resource has been configured to support the execution of critical CMS tasks, such as prompt detector data reconstruction. It can therefore be used in combination with the dedicated Tier 0 capacity at CERN, in order to process and absorb peaks in the stream of data coming from the CMS detector. The initial configuration for this resource, based on statically configured VMs, provided the required level of functionality. However, regular operations of this cluster revealed certain limitations compared to the resource provisioning and use model employed in the case of WLCG sites. A new configuration, based on a vacuum-like model, has been implemented for this resource in order to solve the detected shortcomings. This paper reports about this redeployment work on the permanent cloud for an enhanced support to CMS offline computing, comparing the former and new models’ respective functionalities, along with the commissioning effort for the new setup.
Significance Parasitic plants like witchweed cause huge losses in crop yield in Africa. A key part to the success of witchweed is to start its life cycle upon sensing small molecules called strigolactones, which are exuded from roots of host plants into the soil. Witchweed sense host-derived strigolactones through receptors called HTLs. It is thought that the evolutionary origin of HTLs is a receptor called KAI2 in nonparasitic plants, which can respond to different small molecules such as karrikins. By making three changes in the protein sequence of KAI2, this hybrid receptor can now sense both strigolactones and karrikins. These results help in understanding how receptors can evolve to sense different signals and can lead to solutions for combating pesky witchweed.
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