Final Technical Report for Project "Symmetry in Correlated Quantum Matter"
Final Technical Report for Project "Symmetry in Correlated Quantum Matter"
Hermele, Michael [University of Colorado Boulder] ↗
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ComDMFT v.2.0: Fully self-consistent ab initio GW+EDMFT for the electronic structure of correlated quantum materials
ComDMFT is a parallel computational package designed to study the electronic structure of correlated quantum materials from first principles. Our approach is based on the combination of first-principles methods and dynamical mean field theories. In version 2.0, we implemented fully-diagrammatic GW+EDMFT from first-principles self-consistently. In this approach, correlated electrons are treated within full GW+EDMFT and the rest are treated within full-GW, seamlessly. Further, this implementation enables the electronic structure calculation of quantum materials with weak, intermediate, and strong electron correlation without prior knowledge of the degree of electron correlation.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Coherence and quantum correlations measure sensitivity to dephasing channels
We introduce measures of quantum coherence as the speed of evolution of a system under decoherence. That is, coherence is the ability to estimate a dephasing channel, quantified by the quantum Fisher information. We extend the analysis to interferometric noise estimation, proving that quantum discord is the minimum sensitivity to local dephasing. A physically motivated set of free operations for discord is proposed. The amount of discord created by strictly incoherent operations is upper-bounded by the initial coherence.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Effect of phase noise on quantum correlations in Bose-Josephson junctions
In a two-mode Bose-Josephson junction the dynamics induced by a sudden quench of the tunnel amplitude leads to the periodic formation of entangled states. For instance, squeezed states are formed at short times and macroscopic superpositions of phase states at later times. In atom interferometry, the two modes of the junction play the role of the two arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer; use of multiparticle entangled states allows the enhancement of phase sensitivity with respect to that obtained from uncorrelated atoms. Decoherence due to the presence of noise degrades quantum correlations between atoms, thus reducing phase sensitivity. We consider decoherence due to stochastic fluctuations of the energies of the two modes of the junction. We analyze its effect on squeezed states and macroscopic superpositions and calculate the squeezing parameter and the quantum Fisher information during the quenched dynamics. The latter quantity measures the amount of quantum correlations useful in interferometry. For moderate noise intensities, we show that it increases on time scales beyond the squeezing regime. This suggests multicomponent superpositions of phase states as interesting candidates for high-precision atom interferometry.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Emulation of quantum correlations by classical dynamics in a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg chain
We simulate the dynamical spin structure factor (DSSF) 𝒮(𝑞,𝜔) of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain using classical simulations. By employing Landau-Lifshitz Dynamics, we emulate quantum correlations through temperature-dependent corrections, including rescaling of magnetic dipoles and renormalization of exchange interactions. Here, our results closely match Quantum Monte-Carlo calculations for 𝑘 B 𝑇/𝐽≳1, extending the applicability of classical dynamics to the challenging case of gapless excitations. At higher temperatures, our simulations comply with general predictions for uncorrelated paramagnetic fluctuations in the infinite temperature limit. Entanglement witnesses derived from the quantum-equivalent DSSF act as sensitive diagnostics for the quantum-to-classical crossover. Their reliability stems from their dependence on spectral features alone, enabling classical dynamics to emulate quantum thresholds without genuine entanglement. This framework also reproduces transverse spin correlations in finite magnetic fields, in agreement with quantum simulations. Together, our results establish quantum-corrected classical dynamics as a scalable and predictive tool for interpreting scattering experiments and exploring quantum correlations in strongly correlated spin systems.
Inelastic neutron scattering↗
The quantum correlation dynamics of two qubits in finite-temperature environments with dynamical decoupling pulses
We investigate the dynamics of quantum correlation between two noninteracting qubits each inserted in its own finite-temperature environment with 1/f spectral density. It is found that the phenomenon of sudden transition between classical and quantum decoherence exists in the system when two qubits are initially prepared in X-type quantum states, and the transition time depends on the initial-state of two qubits, the qubit–environment coupling constant and the temperature of the environment. Furthermore, we explore the influence of dynamical decoupling pulses on the transition time and show that it can be prolonged by applying the dynamical decoupling pulses. -- Highlights: •The sudden transition phenomenon from finite-temperature environments is studied. •The transition time depends on the environment temperature and the system parameters. •The transition time can be prolonged by applying the dynamical decoupling pulses.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Quantum Quench Dynamics–Crossover Phenomena in Nonequilibrium Correlated Quantum Systems (Final Technical Report)
In this project we have developed analytical and numerical tools to study the interplay between interactions, dimensionality, fluctuations and disorder in quantum impurity systems. We have studied the transient dynamics following a quench, i.e. the sudden change in a control variable of the model Hamiltonian, which offers a unique way to examine the system’s spatial, temporal and energetic structure. Specifically, we have investigated how crossover scales, i.e. given by Kondo couplings, are affected by disorder. We have addressed a wide range of phenomena, such as the effects of static disorder on dynamical screening of magnetic impurities, and the influence of a fully time-fluctuating bath environment on the dephasing of system qubits. We have found that many of these systems exhibit fascinating counterintuitive behavior, such as e.g. the possibility of asymptotic unitary time evolution in specifically conditioned system-bath Hamiltonians. From a technical point of view, we have developed a supersymmetric formalism to analyze scaling functions of disordered quantum impurity spin chains, we generalized the strong-coupling real-space renormalization group method to probe the quench dynamics of higher-dimensional quantum impurity systems, and we devised a master equation approach that included the effects of a fully fluctuating environment. This way, we have addressed a very broad spectrum of transient phenomena in quantum impurity systems, with disorder ranging from the quenched to the annealed limit.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Quantum correlation dynamics in photosynthetic processes assisted by molecular vibrations
During the long course of evolution, nature has learnt how to exploit quantum effects. In fact, recent experiments reveal the existence of quantum processes whose coherence extends over unexpectedly long time and space ranges. In particular, photosynthetic processes in light-harvesting complexes display a typical oscillatory dynamics ascribed to quantum coherence. Here, we consider the simple model where a dimer made of two chromophores is strongly coupled with a quasi-resonant vibrational mode. We observe the occurrence of wide oscillations of genuine quantum correlations, between electronic excitations and the environment, represented by vibrational bosonic modes. Such a quantum dynamics has been unveiled through the calculation of the negativity of entanglement and the discord, indicators widely used in quantum information for quantifying the resources needed to realize quantum technologies. We also discuss the possibility of approximating additional weakly-coupled off-resonant vibrational modes, simulating the disturbances induced by the rest of the environment, by a single vibrational mode. Within this approximation, one can show that the off-resonant bath behaves like a classical source of noise.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Final Technical Report of the project "Controlling Quantum Information by Quantum Correlations"
The report describes hypotheses, aims, methods and results of the project 20170675PRD2, “Controlling Quantum Information by Quantum Correlations”, which has been run from July 31, 2017 to January 7, 2018. The technical work has been performed by Director’s Fellow Davide Girolami of the T-4 Division, Physics of Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, under the supervision of Wojciech Zurek (T-4), Lukasz Cincio (T-4), and Marcus Daniels (CCS-7). The project ended as Davide Girolami has been converted to J. R. Oppenheimer Fellow to work on the project 20180702PRD1, “Optimal Control of Quantum Machines”, started on January 8, 2018.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Entanglement in the classical limit: Quantum correlations from classical probabilities
We investigate entanglement for a composite closed system endowed with a scaling property which allows the dynamics to be kept invariant while the effective Planck constant ({Dirac_h}/2{pi}){sub eff} of the system is varied. Entanglement increases as ({Dirac_h}/2{pi}){sub eff}{yields}0. Moreover, for sufficiently low ({Dirac_h}/2{pi}){sub eff} the evolution of the quantum correlations, encapsulated, for example, in the quantum discord, can be obtained from the mutual information of the corresponding classical system. We show this behavior is due to the local suppression of path interferences in the interaction that generates the entanglement.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Memcomputing the Spectrum of Correlated Quantum Systems
The goals and objectives of the grant DE‐SC0020892 were to apply a new computing paradigm, MemComputing, to efficiently simulate properties of correlated quantum systems. The method has been applied to a wide set of problems ranging from quantum state tomography to finding the ground state of correlated systems. In all cases, substantial advantages compared to state-of-the-art approaches have been obtained. The project has also led to the suggestion of the transformer architecture (used nowadays in large-language models) as an efficient quantum state representation, and a better understanding of the role of memory in the generation of long-range order in neural networks. This grant has supported the work of a PhD student, inspired a new class on unconventional computing taught at the University of California, San Diego and has generated several peer-reviewed papers.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Quantum correlations and least disturbing local measurements
We examine the evaluation of the minimum information loss due to an unread local measurement in mixed states of bipartite systems, for a general entropic form. Such a quantity provides a measure of quantum correlations, reducing for pure states to the generalized entanglement entropy, while in the case of mixed states it vanishes just for classically correlated states with respect to the measured system, as the quantum discord. General stationary conditions are provided, together with their explicit form for general two-qubit states. Closed expressions for the minimum information loss as measured by quadratic and cubic entropies are also derived for general states of two-qubit systems. As an application, we analyze the case of states with maximally mixed marginals, where a general evaluation is provided, as well as X states and the mixture of two aligned states.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Measurement of the D → K - π + π + π- and D → K - π + π 0 coherence factors and average strong-phase differences in quantum-correlated $ D\overline{D} $ decays
The decays D → K - π + π + π - and D → K - π + π 0 are studied in a sample of quantum-correlated \( D\overline{D} \) pairs produced through the process e + e - → ψ (3770) → \( D\overline{D} \) , exploiting a data set collected by the BESIII experiment that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb - 1 . Here D indicates a quantum superposition of a D 0 and a \( {\overline{D}}^0 \) meson. By reconstructing one neutral charm meson in a signal decay, and the other in the same or a different final state, observables are measured that contain information on the coherence factors and average strong-phase differences of each of the signal modes. These parameters are critical inputs in the measurement of the angle γ of the Unitarity Triangle in B - → DK - decays at the LHCb and Belle II experiments. The coherence factors are determined to be R K 3 π = \( {0.52}_{-0.10}^{+0.12} \) and \( {R}_{K{\pi \pi}^0} \) = 0 . 78 ± 0 . 04, with values for the average strong-phase differences that are \( {\delta}_D^{K3\pi }=\left({167}_{-19}^{+31}\right){}^{\circ} \) and \( {\delta}_D^{K{\pi \pi}^0}=\left({196}_{-15}^{+14}\right){}^{\circ} \) , where the uncertainties include both statistical and systematic contributions. The analysis is re-performed in four bins of the phase-space of the D → K - π + π + π - to yield results that will allow for a more sensitive measurement of γ with this mode, to which the BESIII inputs will contribute an uncertainty of around 6°.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
On the measurability of quantum correlation functions
The concept of correlation function is widely used in classical statistical mechanics to characterize how two or more variables depend on each other. In quantum mechanics, on the other hand, there are observables that cannot be measured at the same time; the so-called incompatible observables. This prospect imposes a limitation on the definition of a quantum analog for the correlation function in terms of a sequence of measurements. Here, based on the notion of sequential weak measurements, we circumvent this limitation by introducing a framework to measure general quantum correlation functions, in principle, independently of the state of the system and the operators involved. To illustrate, we propose an experimental configuration to obtain explicitly the quantum correlation function between two Pauli operators, in which the input state is an arbitrary mixed qubit state encoded on the polarization of photons.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Measure of quantum correlations that lies approximately between entanglement and discord
When a quantum system is divided into two local subsystems, measurements on the two subsystems can exhibit correlations beyond those possible in a classical joint probability distribution; these are partially explained by entanglement, and more generally by a wider class of measures such as the quantum discord. In this paper, I introduce a simple thought experiment defining a measure of quantum correlations, which I call the accord, and write the result as a minimax optimization over unitary matrices. I find the exact result for pure states as a simple function of the Schmidt coefficients and provide a complete proof, and I likewise provide and prove the result for several classes of mixed states, notably including all states of two qubits and the experimentally relevant case of a pure state mixed with colorless noise. I demonstrate that for two qubit states the accord provides a tight lower bound on the discord; for Bell diagonal states it is also an upper bound on entanglement.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Interferences, ghost images and other quantum correlations according to stochastic optics
There are an extensive variety of experiments in quantum optics that emphasize the non-local character of the coincidence measurements recorded by spatially separated photocounters. These are the cases of ghost image and other interference experiments based on correlated photons produced in, for instance, the process of parametric down-conversion or photon cascades. We propose to analyse some of these correlations in the light of stochastic optics, a local formalism based on classical electrodynamics with added background fluctuations that simulate the vacuum field of quantum electrodynamics, and raise the following question: can these experiments be used to distinguish between quantum entanglement and classical correlations? - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We analyse some quantum correlations in the light of stochastic optics. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We study how vacuum fluctuations can rule quantum correlations. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Many criteria cannot be considered a boundary between quantum and classical theories. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Non-locality is a misused term in relation to many observed experiments.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Quantum correlation imaging via X-ray parametric down-conversion
Quantum imaging leverages correlations between pairs of photons and has the potential to obtain image information beyond what classical sources provide. Extending this approach to the X-ray regime has been limited by low photon-pair generation rates and the lack of suitable detectors. Here, we demonstrate X-ray coincidence imaging using spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) and a pixelated area detector with time- and energy-resolved capabilities. This configuration enables simultaneous detection of correlated X-ray photon pairs and coincidence-based imaging of test objects, including a biological specimen. The increased coincidence rate and spatially resolved detection establish a basis for future quantum-enhanced and low-dose X-ray imaging.
Goodrich, Justin C. [Brookhaven National Laborator↗
Non-local correlation and quantum discord in two atoms in the non-degenerate model
By using geometric quantum discord (GQD) and measurement-induced nonlocality (MIN), quantum correlation is investigated for two atoms in the non-degenerate two-photon Tavis-Cummings model. It is shown that there is no asymptotic decay for MIN while asymptotic decay exists for GQD. Quantum correlations can be strengthened by introducing the dipole-dipole interaction. The evolvement period of quantum correlation gets shorter with the increase in the dipole-dipole parameter. It is found that there exists not only quantum nonlocality without entanglement but also quantum nonlocality without quantum discord. Also, the MIN and GQD are raised rather than entanglement, and also with weak initial entanglement, there are MIN and entanglement in a interval of death quantum discord. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Geometric quantum discord (GQD) and measurement induced nonlocality (MIN) are used to investigate the correlations of two two-level atoms. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer There is no asymptotic decay for MIN while asymptotic decay exists for GQD. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Quantum correlations can be strengthened by introducing the dipole-dipole interaction. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer There exists not only quantum nonlocality without entanglement but also without discord. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Weak initial entanglement leads to MIN and entanglement in intervals of death discord.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗