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DOE OSTI2025

Sierra/SD – Example Problems Manual – (V5.26)

The Example Problems Manual supplements the User’s Manual and the Theory Manual. The goal of the Example Problems Manual is to reduce learning time for complex end to end analyses. These documents are intended to be used together. See the User’s Manual for a complete list of the options for a solution case. All the examples are part of the Sierra/SD test suite. Each runs as is. The organization is similar to the other documents: How to run, Commands, Solution cases, Materials, Elements, Boundary conditions, and then Contact. The table of contents and index are indispensable. The Geometric Rigid Body Modes section is shared with the Users Manual.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗

DOE OSTI2026

Sierra/SD – Example Problems Manual – 5.28

Describes the set of example problems, input decks, and meshes that are distributed with Sierra/SD. The Example Problems Manual supplements the User’s Manual and the Theory Manual. The goal of the Example Problems Manual is to reduce learning time for complex end to end analyses. These documents are intended to be used together. See the User’s Manual for a complete list of the options for a solution case. All the examples are part of the Sierra/SD test suite. Each runs as is. The organization is similar to the other documents: How to run, Commands, Solution cases, Materials, Elements, Boundary conditions, and then Contact. The table of contents and index are indispensable. The Geometric Rigid Body Modes section is shared with the Users Manual.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS1970

Programmer's manual for the Banning artwork program

The document is intended to serve as the programmer's Manual for the Banning Artwork Program. A detailed description of the internal logic and flow of the Artwork Program has been included in this report. It is recommended that every user review this manual in order to receive an appreciation of the functions performed by the Artwork Program; however, the User's Manual for the Artwork Program contains sufficient information to allow the designer/engineer to efficiently use the Artwork Program. Before beginning a detailed study of this Programmer's Manual, the reader should have a complete understanding of the contents of the User's Manual for the Banning Artwork Program. It is assumed that the programmer using this manual has a working knowledge of FORTRAN IV.

Taylor, J. F.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Computer-based manuals for procedural information

Display of procedural information as found in aircraft operating manuals is discussed. The problem of converting hardcopy manuals to a computer-based presentation is considered. The trade-off of faster retrieval and display integration possible with a cathode-ray tube (CRT) versus the limited size of a CRT is emphasized. Nine subjects participated in an experimental study of the effectiveness of three alternative displays. Displays were evaluated for the task of retrieving and carrying out emergency procedures in an environment where task interruptions were prevalent. It was found that an on-line manual which provided considerable user assistance was superior to a hardcopy manual in terms of both task completion time and errors. However, an on-line manual without user assistance was inferior to a hardcopy manual in terms of errors.

Rouse, S. H.↗

NASA NTRS2000

CSTEM User Manual

This manual is a combination of a user manual, theory manual, and programmer manual. The reader is assumed to have some previous exposure to the finite element method. This manual is written with the idea that the CSTEM (Coupled Structural Thermal Electromagnetic-Computer Code) user needs to have a basic understanding of what the code is actually doing in order to properly use the code. For that reason, the underlying theory and methods used in the code are described to a basic level of detail. The manual gives an overview of the CSTEM code: how the code came into existence, a basic description of what the code does, and the order in which it happens (a flowchart). Appendices provide a listing and very brief description of every file used by the CSTEM code, including the type of file it is, what routine regularly accesses the file, and what routine opens the file, as well as special features included in CSTEM.

Hartle, M.↗

DOE OSTI2012

Reactor Decommissioning - Balancing Remote and Manual Activities - 12159

Nuclear reactors come in a wide variety of styles, size, and ages. However, during decommissioned one issue they all share is the balancing of remotely and manually activities. For the majority of tasks there is a desire to use manual methods because remote working can be slower, more expensive, and less reliable. However, because of the unique hazards of nuclear reactors some level of remote activity will be necessary to provide adequate safety to workers and properly managed and designed it does not need to be difficult nor expensive. The balance of remote versus manual work can also affect the amount and types of waste that is generated. S.A.Technology (SAT) has worked on a number of reactor decommissioning projects over the last two decades and has a range of experience with projects using remote methods to those relying primarily on manual activities. This has created a set of lessons learned and best practices on how to balance the need for remote handling and manual operations. Finding a balance between remote and manual operations on reactor decommissioning can be difficult but by following certain broad guidelines it is possible to have a very successfully decommissioning. It is important to have an integrated team that includes remote handling experts and that this team plans the work using characterization efforts that are efficient and realistic. The equipment need to be simple, robust and flexible and supported by an on-site team committed to adapting to day-to-day challenges. Also, the waste strategy needs to incorporate the challenges of remote activities in its planning. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

NASA NTRS2022

An Overview of Spacecraft Design for Piloting, Manual Control, and Handling Qualities

This report addresses techniques to make spacecraft more compatible with human operation. Starting at the highest context, the first section addresses general spacecraft piloting and workload, presenting a conceptual framework, the OODA loop, as a tool for improvement. As a subset of general operability, manual control is addressed in the second section. The concept of a spectrum of control, from fully manual to fully automatic, is introduced here, as is rationale for implementing manual control capabilities in modern spacecraft. Summaries of manual control capabilities for Apollo and Space Shuttle are also provided as examples of successful implementations. Successful manual control requires satisfactory handling qualities, and a high level summary of that topic is provided in the third section.

Handling↗

DOE OSTI2017

Dosimetric benefits of automation in the treatment of lower thoracic esophageal cancer: Is manual planning still an alternative option?

This study aimed to design automated volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans in Pinnacle auto-planning and compare it with manual plans for patients with lower thoracic esophageal cancer (EC). Thirty patients with lower thoracic EC were randomly selected for replanning VMAT plans using auto-planning in Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS) version 9.10. Historical plans of these patients were then compared. Dose-volume histogram (DVH) statistics, dose uniformity, and dose homogeneity were analyzed to evaluate treatment plans. Auto-planning was superior in terms of conformity index (CI) and homogeneity index (HI) for planning target volume (PTV), significantly improving 8.2% (p = 0.013) and 25% (p = 0.007) compared with manual planning, respectively, and decreasing dose of heart and liver irradiated by 20 to 40 Gy and 5 to 30 Gy, respectively (p max ) of spinal cord by 6.9 Gy compared with manual planning (p = 0.000). Additionally, manual planning showed the significantly lower low-dose volume (V{sub 5}) for the lung (p = 0.005). For auto-planning, the V{sub 5} of the lung was significantly associated with the relative volume index (the volume ratio of PTV to the lung), and the correlation coefficient (R) and p-value were 0.994 and 0.000. Pinnacle auto-planning achieved superior target conformity and homogeneity and similar target coverage compared with historical manual planning. Most of organs at risk (OARs) sparing was significantly improved by auto-planning except for the V{sub 5} of the lung, and the low dose distribution was highly associated with PTV volume and lung volume in auto-planning.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗

DOE OSTI2020

Using online tools at the Bovine Genome Database to manually annotate genes in the new reference genome

With the availability of a new highly contiguous Bos taurus reference genome assembly (ARS-UCD1.2), it is the opportune time to upgrade the bovine gene set by seeking input from researchers. Furthermore, advances in graphical genome annotation tools now make it possible for researchers to leverage sequence data generated with the latest technologies to collaboratively curate genes. For many years the Bovine Genome Database (BGD) has provided tools such as the APOLLO genome annotation editor to support manual bovine gene curation. The goal of this paper is to explain the reasoning behind the decisions made in the manual gene curation process while providing examples using the existing BGD tools. We will describe the sources of gene annotation evidence provided at the BGD, including RNAseq and Iso-Seq data. We will also explain how to interpret various data visualizations when curating gene models, and will demonstrate the value of manual gene annotation. The process described here can be applied to manual gene curation for other species with similar tools. With a better understanding of manual gene annotation, researchers will be encouraged to edit gene models and contribute to the enhancement of livestock gene sets.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2015

WE-AB-BRA-05: Fully Automatic Segmentation of Male Pelvic Organs On CT Without Manual Intervention

Purpose: We aim to develop a fully automatic tool for accurate contouring of major male pelvic organs in CT images for radiotherapy without any manual initialization, yet still achieving superior performance than the existing tools. Methods: A learning-based 3D deformable shape model was developed for automatic contouring. Specifically, we utilized a recent machine learning method, random forest, to jointly learn both image regressor and classifier for each organ. In particular, the image regressor is trained to predict the 3D displacement from each vertex of the 3D shape model towards the organ boundary based on the local image appearance around the location of this vertex. The predicted 3D displacements are then used to drive the 3D shape model towards the target organ. Once the shape model is deformed close to the target organ, it is further refined by an organ likelihood map estimated by the learned classifier. As the organ likelihood map provides good guideline for the organ boundary, the precise contouring Result could be achieved, by deforming the 3D shape model locally to fit boundaries in the organ likelihood map. Results: We applied our method to 29 previously-treated prostate cancer patients, each with one planning CT scan. Compared with manually delineated pelvic organs, our method obtains overlap ratios of 85.2%±3.74% for the prostate, 94.9%±1.62% for the bladder, and 84.7%±1.97% for the rectum, respectively. Conclusion: This work demonstrated feasibility of a novel machine-learning based approach for accurate and automatic contouring of major male pelvic organs. It shows the potential to replace the time-consuming and inconsistent manual contouring in the clinic. Also, compared with the existing works, our method is more accurate and also efficient since it does not require any manual intervention, such as manual landmark placement. Moreover, our method obtained very similar contouring results as the clinical experts. Project is partially support by a grant from NCI 1R01CA140413.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2016

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2010 Performance Rating Method Reference Manual

This document is intended to be a reference manual for the Appendix G Performance Rating Method (PRM) of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1- 2010 (Standard 90.1-2010).The PRM is used for rating the energy efficiency of commercial and high-rise residential buildings with designs that exceed the requirements of Standard 90.1. The procedures and processes described in this manual are designed to provide consistency and accuracy by filling in gaps and providing additional details needed by users of the PRM. It should be noted that this document is created independently from ASHRAE and SSPC 90.1 and is not sanctioned nor approved by either of those entities . Potential users of this manual include energy modelers, software developers and implementers of “beyond code” energy programs. Energy modelers using ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 for beyond code programs can use this document as a reference manual for interpreting requirements of the Performance Rating method. Software developers, developing tools for automated creation of the baseline model can use this reference manual as a guideline for developing the rules for the baseline model.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2017

California Publicly-Owned Utilities (POUs) – LBNL ‘Beyond Widgets’ Project. Task: ambient lighting and occupancy-based plug load control. System Program Manual

This program manual contains detailed technical information for implementing an incentive program for task-ambient lighting and occupancy-based plug load control. This manual was developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in collaboration with the California Publicly-Owned Utilities (CA POUs) as a partner in the ‘Beyond Widgets’ program funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Office. The primary audience for this manual is the program staff of the various CA POUs. It may also be used by other utility incentive programs to help develop similar programs. It is anticipated that the content of this manual be utilized by the CA POU staff for developing related documents such as the Technical Resource Manual and other filings pertaining to the rollout of an energy systems-based rebate incentive program.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2024

Sierra/SD Example Problems Manual 5.20

The Example Problems Manual supplements the User's Manual and the Theory Manual. The goal of the Example Problems Manual is to reduce learning time for complex end to end analyses. These documents are intended to be used together. See the User's Manual for a complete list of the options for a solution case. All the examples are part of the salinas test suite. Each runs as is.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2024

Sierra/SD – Example Problems Manual – 5.18

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2026

Sierra/SD Example Problems Manual - 5.30

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS1981

A comparison of head and manual control for a position-control pursuit tracking task

Head control was compared with manual control in a pursuit tracking task involving proportional controlled-element dynamics. An integrated control/display system was used to explore tracking effectiveness in horizontal and vertical axes tracked singly and concurrently. Compared with manual tracking, head tracking resulted in a 50 percent greater rms error score, lower pilot gain, greater high-frequency phase lag and greater low-frequency remnant. These differences were statistically significant, but differences between horizontal- and vertical-axis tracking and between 1- and 2-axis tracking were generally small and not highly significant. Manual tracking results were matched with the optimal control model using pilot-related parameters typical of those found in previous manual control studies. Head tracking performance was predicted with good accuracy using the manual tracking model plus a model for head/neck response dynamics obtained from the literature.

Levison, W. H.↗

NASA NTRS1982

A corrosion control manual for rail rapid transit

In 1979, during the planning stage of the Metropolitan Dade County Transit System, the need was expressed for a corrosion control manual oriented to urban rapid transit system use. This manual responds to that need. The objective of the manual is to aid rail rapid transit agencies by providing practical solutions to selected corrosion problems. The scope of the manual encompasses corrosion problems of the facilities of rapid transit systems: structures and tracks, platforms and stations, power and signals, and cars. It also discusses stray electric current corrosion. Both design and maintenance solutions are provided for each problem. Also included are descriptions of the types of corrosion and their causes, descriptions of rapid transit properties, a list of corrosion control committees and NASA, DOD, and ASTM specifications and design criteria to which reference is made in the manual. A bibliography of papers and excerpts of reports and a glossary of frequency used terms are provided.

Gilbert, L. O.↗

NASA NTRS1989

Composite Blade Structural Analyzer (COBSTRAN) demonstration manual

The input deck setup is described for a computer code, composite blade structural analyzer (COBSTRAN) which was developed for the design and analysis of composite turbofan and turboprop blades and also for composite wind turbine blades. This manual is intended for use in conjunction with the COBSTRAN user's manual. Seven demonstration problems are described with pre- and postprocessing input decks. Modeling of blades which are solid thru-the-thickness and also aircraft wing airfoils with internal spars is shown. Corresponding NASTRAN and databank input decks are also shown. Detail descriptions of each line of the pre- and post-processing decks is provided with reference to the Card Groups defined in the user's manual. A dictionary of all program variables and terms used in this manual may be found in Section 6 of the user's manual.

Aiello, Robert A.↗