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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Full characterization of the quantum spiral bandwidth of entangled biphotons

Spontaneous parametric down-conversion has been shown to be a reliable source of entangled photons. Among the wide range of properties shown to be entangled, it is the orbital angular momentum that is the focus of our study. We investigate, in particular, the bi-photon state generated using a Gaussian pump beam. We derive an expression for the simultaneous correlations in the orbital angular momentum, l, and radial momentum, p, of the down-converted Laguerre-Gaussian beams. Our result allows us, for example, to calculate the spiral bandwidth with no restriction on the geometry of the beams: l, p, and the beam widths are all free parameters. Moreover, we show that, with the usual paraxial and collinear approximations, a fully analytic expression for the correlations can be derived.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Recent advances in Multi-Channel Algebraic Scattering

For coupled-channel descriptions of low-energy nucleon-induced interactions involving nuclei with particle-unstable exited states, it is necessary to include the widths of the target states. How those widths may affect the elastic scattering cross sections is examined within the framework of the Multi-Channel Algebraic Scattering (MCAS) method.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Control of the spectrum of the biphoton field

The main methods for controlling the biphoton field, as well as the problems for which the width and the shape of the spectrum of the biphoton field are of decisive importance, are discussed. The method for controlling the spectrum of the spontaneous parametric downconversion of light based on the spatial modulation of the refractive indices of a nonlinear crystal in which the generation of biphotons has been analyzed. Modulation is due to the thermo-optic and electro-optic effects.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

Ab initio determination of satellite intensities in transition-metal photoemission spectroscopy using a multiconfiguration framework

Following atomic photoionization, the abrupt change in potential can lead to secondary ionization of an outer-shell electron in a phenomenon known as shake-off, a process which gives rise to the asymmetric K{alpha} profile and satellite lines. Investigation of chemical effects and relativistic quantum mechanics requires a theoretical determination of these satellite intensities; however, existing theoretical predictions are inconsistent with experimental results by up to an order of magnitude. Previously theoretical modeling required up to 12 fitting parameters to account for transition widths, energy corrections, spectator intensities, and spectator broadening. Using a multiconfiguration atomic model to account for electron-electron correlation, we provide here the first ab initio calculations of shake-off probabilities which are in agreement with experimental results (except for copper), an important step toward a complete theoretical profile.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Strongly coupling a cavity to inhomogeneous ensembles of emitters: Potential for long-lived solid-state quantum memories

We investigate theoretically the coupling of a cavity mode to a continuous distribution of emitters. We discuss the influence of the emitters' inhomogeneous broadening on the existence and on the coherence properties of the polaritonic peaks. We find that their coherence depends crucially on the shape of the distribution and not only on its width. Under certain conditions the coupling to the cavity protects the polaritonic states from inhomogeneous broadening, resulting in a longer storage time for a quantum memory based on emitter ensembles. When two different ensembles of emitters are coupled to the resonator, they support a peculiar collective dark state, which is also very attractive for the storage of quantum information.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Broadband superluminescent diodes and semiconductor optical amplifiers for the spectral range 750 - 800 nm

We have studied superluminescent diodes (SLDs) and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) based on an (Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x})As/GaAs single quantum well structure with an Al content x {approx} 0.1 in a 10-nm-thick active layer. Depending on the length of the active channel, the single-mode fibre coupled cw output power of the SLDs is 1 to 30 mW at a spectral width of about 50 nm. The width of the optical gain band in the active channel exceeds 40 nm. Preliminary operating life tests have demonstrated that the devices are sufficiently reliable. (lasers)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Ultracold three-body collisions near narrow Feshbach resonances

We study ultracold three-body collisions of bosons and fermions when the interatomic interaction is tuned near a narrow Feshbach resonance. We show that the width of the resonance has a substantial impact on the collisional properties of ultracold gases in the strongly interacting regime. From our numerical and analytical analyses, we identify universal features dependent on the resonance width. Remarkably, we find that all inelastic processes near narrow resonances leading to deeply bound states in bosonic systems are suppressed, while those for fermionic systems are enhanced. As a result, narrow resonances present a scenario that is the reverse of that found for broad resonances, opening up the possibility of creating stable samples of ultracold bosonic gases with large scattering lengths.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Application of the static fluctuation approximation to the computation of the thermodynamic properties of an interacting trapped two-dimensional hard-sphere Bose gas

The static fluctuation approximation (SFA) is applied to compute the thermodynamic properties of a trapped two-dimensional (2D) interacting hard-sphere (HS) Bose gas in the weakly and strongly interacting regime. A mean-field approach involving a variational wave function is used to compute the mean-field energy as a function of temperature for each harmonic oscillator (HO) state plugged into the SFA technique. In the variational approach, a parameter {alpha} is introduced into the harmonic oscillator wave function in order to take into account the changes in the width when the repulsive interactions between the bosons are increased. In the weakly interacting regime, below the critical temperature, the total energy of all HO states (evaluated by our model) matches the noninteracting result very well. However, beyond the critical temperature, we 'fit' our energies to the classical limit for 2D bosons in a trap by using a suitably proposed weighting function. We compare our results to earlier results of mean-field theory. Further, we evaluate the density matrix arising from correlations between the HO orbitals.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2013

SUZAKU VIEW OF THE SWIFT/BAT ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI. V. TORUS STRUCTURE OF TWO LUMINOUS RADIO-LOUD ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI (3C 206 AND PKS 0707-35)

We present the results from broadband X-ray spectral analysis of 3C 206 and PKS 0707-35 with Suzaku and Swift/BAT, two of the most luminous unobscured and obscured radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with hard X-ray luminosities of 10{sup 45.5} erg s{sup -1} and 10{sup 44.9} erg s{sup -1} (14-195 keV), respectively. Based on the radio core luminosity, we estimate that the X-ray spectrum of 3C 206 contains a significant ({approx}60% in the 14-195 keV band) contribution from the jet, while it is negligible in PKS 0707-35. We can successfully model the spectra with the jet component (for 3C 206), the transmitted emission, and two reflection components from the torus and the accretion disk. The reflection strengths from the torus are found to be R{sub torus}({identical_to} {Omega}/2{pi}) = 0.29 {+-} 0.18 and 0.41 {+-} 0.18 for 3C 206 and PKS 0707-35, respectively, which are smaller than those in typical Seyfert galaxies. Utilizing the torus model by Ikeda et al., we quantify the relation between the half-opening angle of a torus ({theta}{sub oa}) and the equivalent width of an iron-K line. The observed equivalent width of 3C 206, < 71 eV, constrains the column density in the equatorial plane to N{sub H}{sup eq} <10{sup 23} cm{sup -2}, or the half-opening angle to {theta}{sub oa} > 80 Degree-Sign if N{sub H}{sup eq} =10{sup 24} cm{sup -2} is assumed. That of PKS 0707-35, 72 {+-} 36 eV, is consistent with N{sub H}{sup eq} {approx}10{sup 23} cm{sup -2}. Our results suggest that the tori in luminous radio-loud AGNs are only poorly developed. The trend is similar to that seen in radio-quiet AGNs, implying that the torus structure is not different between AGNs with jets and without jets.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

A New Brain Positron Emission Tomography Scanner With Semiconductor Detectors for Target Volume Delineation and Radiotherapy Treatment Planning in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Purpose: We compared two treatment planning methods for stereotactic boost for treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC): the use of conventional whole-body bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillator positron emission tomography (PET{sub CONV}WB) versus the new brain (BR) PET system using semiconductor detectors (PET{sub NEW}BR). Methods and Materials: Twelve patients with NPC were enrolled in this study. [{sup 18}F]Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET images were acquired using both the PET{sub NEW}BR and the PET{sub CONV}WB system on the same day. Computed tomography (CT) and two PET data sets were transferred to a treatment planning system, and the PET{sub CONV}WB and PET{sub NEW}BR images were coregistered with the same set of CT images. Window width and level values for all PET images were fixed at 3000 and 300, respectively. The gross tumor volume (GTV) was visually delineated on PET images by using either PET{sub CONV}WB (GTV{sub CONV}) images or PET{sub NEW}BR (GTV{sub NEW}) images. Assuming a stereotactic radiotherapy boost of 7 ports, the prescribed dose delivered to 95% of the planning target volume (PTV) was set to 2000 cGy in 4 fractions. Results: The average absolute volume ({+-}standard deviation [SD]) of GTV{sub NEW} was 15.7 ml ({+-}9.9) ml, and that of GTV{sub CONV} was 34.0 ({+-}20.5) ml. The average GTV{sub NEW} was significantly smaller than that of GTV{sub CONV} (p = 0.0006). There was no statistically significant difference between the maximum dose (p = 0.0585) and the mean dose (p = 0.2748) of PTV. The radiotherapy treatment plan based on the new gross tumor volume (PLAN{sub NEW}) significantly reduced maximum doses to the cerebrum and cerebellum (p = 0.0418) and to brain stem (p = 0.0041). Conclusion: Results of the present study suggest that the new brain PET system using semiconductor detectors can provide more accurate tumor delineation than the conventional whole-body BGO PET system and may be an important tool for functional and molecular radiotherapy treatment planning.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2018

A modified formula for dose calculations of stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for non–small cell lung cancer

To provide a modified formula consistent with the Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm for dose calculations during stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for non–small cell lung cancer. Seventy CyberKnife treatment plans were calculated and analyzed by MC and ray-tracing (RT) algorithms, separately. Parameters of treatment plans were compared, and those associated with differences of dose distributions were analyzed to establish a modified formula. Gross tumor volume and tumor tracking volume (TTV) were defined as the evident disease on the sequences of the window width and level of the lung and the mediastinum. Additionally, the formula was validated by another 20 plans. The prescription dose of the 90 patients was 60 Gy/5f. The RT algorithm overestimated the planning target volume (PTV) D{sub 95} by an average of 8.59 Gy and the gross tumor volume D{sub 99} by an average of 5.84 Gy. The homogeneity index of PTV was underestimated by 0.11 on average, whereas the conformity index and new conformity index was underestimated by 0.05. The RT algorithm overestimated the dose distribution to the spinal cord by 2.23 Gy, the esophagus by 1.96 Gy, the trachea by 1.89 Gy, the left-sided bronchus by 1.77 Gy, the right-sided bronchus by 1.64 Gy, and the heart by 2.16 Gy. The average whole-lung dose volumes of lung tissues and dose volumes of V{sub 5} were overestimated by 2.69 Gy and 7.52%, respectively. A power function distribution (R{sup 2} = 0.8626) was confirmed between PTV D{sub 95} and TTV volumes. PTV D{sub 95} calculated by the MC algorithm could be computed easily with TTV and PTV D{sub 95} calculated by the RT algorithm based on the formula. The modified equation was more consistent with MC algorithm than with other formula, which could be a reference to those not accessible to the MC algorithm.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantification of the 35 Cl($\textit{n, p}$) reaction channel

The evaluated 35 Cl($\textit{n, p}$) cross sections in the ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear data library remain uncertain because of the lack of measured data in the neutron energy range between 100-600 keV. In this energy region, the R-matrix analysis relies heavily on estimated ($\textit{n, p}$) partial widths and level density information. This resulted in significant differences of the evaluated cross sections and predicted reactivity in nuclear reactor applications with respect to previous nuclear data libraries. Here, we present a methodology to quantify the cross sections for the 35 Cl($\textit{n, p}$) reaction channel from the combination of measured total cross sections and model calculations.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Active-region designs in quantum cascade lasers

This paper analyses the development of active-region designs in quantum cascade lasers. Active-region designs have been demonstrated to date that employ various radiative transitions (vertical, diagonal, interminiband and interband). The lower laser level is depopulated through nonradiative transitions, such as one- or two-phonon (and even three-phonon) relaxation or bound state {yields} continuum transitions. Advances in active-region designs and energy diagram optimisation in the past few years have led to significant improvements in important characteristics of quantum cascade lasers, such as their output power, emission bandwidth, characteristic temperature and efficiency. (invited paper)

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2011

Limits on preserving quantum coherence using multipulse control

We explore the physical limits of pulsed dynamical decoupling methods for decoherence control as determined by finite timing resources. By focusing on a decohering qubit controlled by arbitrary sequences of {pi} pulses, we establish a nonperturbative quantitative upper bound to the achievable coherence for specified maximum pulsing rate and noise spectral bandwidth. We introduce numerically optimized control ''bandwidth-adapted'' sequences that saturate the performance bound and show how they outperform existing sequences in a realistic excitonic-qubit system where timing constraints are significant. As a by-product, our analysis reinforces the impossibility of fault-tolerance accuracy thresholds for generic open quantum systems under purely reversible error control.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2011

Efficient generation of a narrow-bandwidth and frequency-modulated beam pair from Yb atoms in a ladder configuration

We report on the generation of narrow-bandwidth and frequency-modulated cascaded emission of two photons from a collimated Yb atomic beam. Efficient population transfer from the ground state (6s{sup 2} {sup 1}S{sub 0}) to upper state (6s7s {sup 1}S{sub 0}), of which direct transition at 291.1 nm is dipole forbidden, is achieved through a resonant two-photon excitation enhanced by the electromagnetically induced transparency mediated by the intermediate state (6s6p {sup 1}P{sub 1}). Then cascaded emission of two photons with a bandwidth of 54 MHz at 611.3 nm (idler) and 555.8 nm (signal) occurs in sequence from the upper state via the spin triplet state (6s{sup 2} {sup 3}P{sub 1}). Numerical calculations of the density matrix equations taking into account the residual Doppler effect and strong driving fields successfully explain the experimental results for the idler and signal beam intensities depending on the various parameters of the driving fields. Synchronized optical switching and frequency-modulation characteristics of the idler and signal beams are also reported.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Generation of narrow-bandwidth, tunable, coherent xuv radiation using high-order harmonic generation

We theoretically demonstrate the generation of wavelength-tunable, narrow-bandwidth extreme-ultraviolet (xuv) radiation by high-order harmonic generation (HHG) driven by an orthogonally polarized two-color laser field, which is composed of a 10-fs, 1500-nm laser pulse and a 40-fs, 2400-nm laser pulse. By performing classical analysis, we reveal that the rapid change of electron wave-packet dynamics at a subcycle time scale confines high-order harmonic emission to a small spectral region, leading to the generation of narrow-bandwidth xuv radiation. Furthermore, the central wavelength of the xuv radiation can be continuously tuned over a wide range by changing either the peak intensity of the driver laser or the amplitude ratio between the two laser fields at different wavelengths. It is also verified that the use of driver pulses at longer wavelengths leads to a better spectral confinement of the xuv radiation.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗