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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Observation of the semileptonic decays $$ {\textrm{D}}^0\to {\textrm{K}}_{\textrm{S}}^0{\pi}^{-}{\pi}^0{\textrm{e}}^{+}{\nu}_{\textrm{e}} $$ and $$ {\textrm{D}}^{+}\to {\textrm{K}}_{\textrm{S}}^0{\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}{\textrm{e}}^{+}{\nu}_{\textrm{e}} $$

Abstract By analyzinge + e − annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb −1 collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, the first observation of the semileptonic decays$$ {D}^0\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^{-}{\pi}^0{e}^{+}{\nu}_e $$ D 0 → K S 0 π − π 0 e + ν e and$$ {D}^{+}\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}{e}^{+}{\nu}_e $$ D + → K S 0 π + π − e + ν e is reported. In the hypothesis that all events correspond toK 1 (1270) decays, the branching fractions are measured to be$$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}^0\to {K}_1{(1270)}^{-}\left(\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^{-}{\pi}^0\right){e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right)=\left({1.69}_{-0.46}^{+0.53}\pm 0.15\right)\times {10}^{-4} $$ B D 0 → K 1 1270 − → K S 0 π − π 0 e + ν e = 1.69 − 0.46 + 0.53 ± 0.15 × 10 − 4 and$$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}^{+}\to {\overline{K}}_1{(1270)}^0\left(\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}\right){e}^{+}{\nu}^e\right)=\left({1.47}_{-0.40}^{+0.45}\pm 0.14\right)\times {10}^{-4} $$ B D + → K ¯ 1 1270 0 → K S 0 π + π − e + ν e = 1.47 − 0.40 + 0.45 ± 0.14 × 10 − 4 with statistical significance of 5.4σand 5.6σ, respectively. When combined with measurements of theK 1 (1270)→ K + π − πdecays, the absolute branching fractions are determined to be$$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}^0\to {K}_1{(1270)}^{-}{e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right)=\left({1.08}_{-0.13-0.10}^{+0.14+0.08}\pm 0.21\right)\times {10}^{-3} $$ B D 0 → K 1 1270 − e + ν e = 1.08 − 0.13 − 0.10 + 0.14 + 0.08 ± 0.21 × 10 − 3 and$$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}^{+}\to {\overline{K}}_1{(1270)}^0{e}^{+}{\nu}_e\right)=\left({1.70}_{-0.23}^{+0.26}\pm 0.13\pm 0.35\right)\times {10}^{-3} $$ B D + → K ¯ 1 1270 0 e + ν e = 1.70 − 0.23 + 0.26 ± 0.13 ± 0.35 × 10 − 3 . The first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively, and the third uncertainties originate from the assumed branching fractions of theK 1 (1270)→ Kππdecays.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2020

Constraining the destruction rate of K 40 in stellar nucleosynthesis through the study of the Ar 40 ( p , n ) K 40 reaction

Background: We present that K 40 plays a significant role in the radiogenic heating of Earth-like exoplanets, which can affect the development of a habitable environment on their surfaces. The initial amount of K 40 in the interior of these planets depends on the composition of the interstellar clouds from which they formed. Within this context, nuclear reactions that regulate the production of K 40 during stellar evolution can play a critical role. Purpose: In this study, we constrain for the first time the astrophysical reaction rate of K 40 ( n , p ) Ar 40 , which is responsible for the destruction of K 40 during stellar nucleosynthesis. We provide to the nuclear physics community high-resolution data on the cross section and angular distribution of the Ar 40 ( p , n ) K 40 reaction. These are important to various applications involving Ar 40 . The associated reaction rate of the Ar 40 ( p , n ) K 40 process addresses a reaction rate gap in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics REACLIB database in the region of intermediate-mass isotopes. Methods: We performed differential cross-section measurements on the Ar 40 ( p , n ) K 40 reaction, for six energies in the center-of-mass system between 3.2 and 4.0 MeV and various angles between 0 ° and 135 ° . The experiment took place at the Edwards Accelerator Laboratory at Ohio University using the beam swinger target location and a standard neutron time-of-flight technique. We extracted total and partial cross sections by integrating the double differential cross sections we measured. Results: The total and partial cross sections varied with energy due to the contribution from isobaric analog states and Ericson type fluctuations. The energy-averaged neutron angular distributions were symmetrical relative to 90 ° . Based on the experimental data, local transmission coefficients were extracted and were used to calculate the astrophysical reaction rates of Ar 40 ( p , n ) K 40 and K 40 ( n , p ) Ar 40 reactions. The new rates were found to vary significantly from the theoretical rates in the REACLIB library. We implemented the new rates in network calculations to study nucleosynthesis via the slow neutron capture process, and we found that the produced abundance of K 40 is reduced by up to 10% compared to calculations with the library rates. At the same time, the above result removes a significant portion of the previous theoretical uncertainty on the K 40 yields from stellar evolution calculations. Conclusions: Our results support a destruction rate of K 40 in massive stars via the K 40 ( n , p ) Ar 40 reaction that is larger compared to previous estimates. The rate of K 40 destruction via the K 40 ( n , p ) Ar 40 reaction now has a dramatically reduced uncertainty based on our measurement. Lastly, this result directly affects the predicted stellar yields of K 40 from nucleosynthesis, which is a critical input parameter for the galactic chemical evolution models that are currently employed for the study of significant properties of exoplanets.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Observation of η c ( 2 S ) → K + K − η

By analyzing ( 27.12 ± 0.14 ) × 10 8 ψ ( 3686 ) events accumulated with the BESIII detector, the decay η c ( 2 S ) → K + K − η is observed for the first time with a significance of 6.2 σ after considering systematic uncertainties. The product of the branching fractions of ψ ( 3686 ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) and η c ( 2 S ) → K + K − η is measured to be B ( ψ ( 3686 ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) ) × B ( η c ( 2 S ) → K + K − η ) = ( 2.39 ± 0.32 ± 0.34 ) × 10 − 6 , where the first uncertainty is statistical, and the second one is systematic. The branching fraction of η c ( 2 S ) → K + K − η is determined to be B ( η c ( 2 S ) → K + K − η ) = ( 3.42 ± 0.46 ± 0.48 ± 2.44 ) × 10 − 3 , where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of ψ ( 3686 ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) . Using a recent BESIII measurement of B ( η c ( 2 S ) → K + K − π 0 ) , we also determine the ratio between the branching fractions of η c ( 2 S ) → K + K − η and η c ( 2 S ) → K + K − π 0 to be 1.49 ± 0.22 ± 0.25 , which is consistent with the previous result of at a comparable precision level. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Observation of D → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) μ + ν μ and test of lepton flavor universality with D → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) ℓ + ν ℓ

By analyzing 7.93 fb − 1 of e + e − collision data collected at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider, we report the observation of the semimuonic decays of D + → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) 0 μ + ν μ and D 0 → K 1 ( 1270 ) − μ + ν μ with statistical significances of 12.5 σ and 6.0 σ , respectively. Their decay branching fractions are determined to be B [ D + → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) 0 μ + ν μ ] = ( 2.36 ± 0.2 0 − 0.27 + 0.18 ± 0.48 ) × 10 − 3 and B [ D 0 → K 1 ( 1270 ) − μ + ν μ ] = ( 0.78 ± 0.1 1 − 0.09 + 0.05 ± 0.15 ) × 10 − 3 , where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively, and the third originates from the input branching fraction of K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) 0 → K − π + π 0 or K 1 ( 1270 ) − → K − π + π − . Combining our branching fractions with the previous measurements of B [ D + → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) 0 e + ν e ] and B [ D 0 → K 1 ( 1270 ) − e + ν e ] , we determine the branching fraction ratios to be B [ D + → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) 0 μ + ν μ ] / B [ D + → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) 0 e + ν e ] = 1.03 ± 0.14 − 0.15 + 0.11 and B [ D 0 → K 1 ( 1270 ) − μ + ν μ ] / B [ D 0 → K 1 ( 1270 ) − e + ν e ] = 0.74 ± 0.13 − 0.13 + 0.08 . Using the branching fractions measured in this work and the world-average lifetimes of the D + and D 0 mesons, we determine the semimuonic partial decay width ratio to be Γ [ D + → K ¯ 1 ( 1270 ) 0 μ + ν μ ] / Γ [ D 0 → K 1 ( 1270 ) − μ + ν μ ] = 1.22 ± 0.10 − 0.09 + 0.06 , which is consistent with unity as predicted by isospin conservation. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Updated measurements of the M1 transition ψ ( 3686 ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) with η c ( 2 S ) → K K ¯ π

Based on a data sample of ( 2712.4 ± 14.3 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the M1 transition ψ ( 3686 ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) with η c ( 2 S ) → K K ¯ π is studied, where K K ¯ π is K + K − π 0 or K S 0 K ± π ∓ . The mass and width of the η c ( 2 S ) are measured to be ( 3637.8 ± 0.8 ( stat ) ± 0.2 ( syst ) ) MeV / c 2 and ( 10.5 ± 1.7 ( stat ) ± 3.5 ( syst ) ) MeV , respectively. The product branching fraction B ( ψ ( 3686 ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) ) × B ( η c ( 2 S ) → K K ¯ π ) is determined to be ( 0.97 ± 0.06 ( stat ) ± 0.09 ( syst ) ) × 10 − 5 . Using B ( η c ( 2 S ) → K K ¯ π ) = ( 1.8 6 − 0.49 + 0.68 ) % , we obtain the branching fraction of the radiative transition to be B ( ψ ( 3686 ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) ) = ( 5.2 ± 0.3 ( stat ) ± 0.5 ( syst ) − 1.4 + 1.9 ( extr ) ) × 10 − 4 , where the third uncertainty is due to the quoted B ( η c ( 2 S ) → K K ¯ π ) . Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2022

Measurement of e + e – → $\mathrm{K^+K^–π^0}$ cross section and observation of a resonant structure

Based on collision data collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center-of-mass energies from 2.000 to 3.080 GeV, a partial-wave analysis is performed for the process $e^+e^–$→ $K^+K^–π^0$. The Born cross section of the process $e^+e^–$→ $K^+K^–π^0$ and its subprocesses $e^+e^–$ → $\phi π^0, K^{*+}$(892)$K^–$ and $K^{*+}_{2}$(1430)$K^–$ are measured. The results for $e^+e^–$→ $K^+K^–π^0$ and $\phi π^0$ are consistent with the BaBar measurements and with improved precision. By analyzing the cross sections of the subprocesses $e^+e^–$ → $K^{*+}$(892)$K^–$ and $K^{*+}_{2}$(1430)$K^–$ a structure with mass $M_R$ = (2190 ± 19 ± 37) MeV/c 2 and width $Γ_R$ = (191 ± 28 ± 60) MeV is observed with a combined statistical significance of 7.1σ. The measured resonance parameters suggest it can be identified as the $\phi$(2170), thus the results provide valuable input to understand the internal nature of this state.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Centrosymmetric or Noncentrosymmetric? Transition Metals Talking in K 2 TGe 3 S 8 (T = Co, Fe)

Two new quaternary sulfides K 2 TGe 3 S 8 (T=Co, Fe) have been synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state routine and flux growth method. The crystal growth process of K 2 TGe 3 S 8 (T=Co, Fe) was elucidated by in-situ powder X-ray diffraction and DSC thermal analysis. The mm-sized crystals of K 2 TGe 3 S 8 (T=Co, Fe) were grown. K 2 CoGe 3 S 8 crystallizes in a new structure type in centrosymmetric space group P1¯ (No. 2) with unit cell parameters of a = 7.016(1) Å, b = 7.770(1)Å, c = 14.342(1) Å, α = 93.80(1)°, β = 92.65(1)°, γ = 114.04(1)°. K 2 FeGe 3 S 8 crystallizes in K 2 FeGe 3 Se 8 structure type and the noncentrosymmetric space group P2 1 (No. 4) with unit cell parameters of a = 7.1089(5)Å, b = 11.8823(8)Å, c = 16.7588(11)Å, β = 96.604(2)°. There is a high structural similarity between K 2 CoGe 3 S 8 and K 2 FeGe 3 S 8 . The larger volume coupled with higher degrees of distortion of [FeS 4 ] tetrahedra compared to [CoS 4 ] tetrahedra accounts for the structure’s shift from centrosymmetric to noncentrosymmetric. The theory simulation confirms that [TS 4 ]T= Co or Fe tetrahedra play a crucial role in controlling the structure and properties of K 2 TGe 3 S 8 (T = Co, Fe). The measured optical bandgaps of K 2 CoGe 3 S 8 and K 2 FeGe 3 S 8 are 2.1(1) eV and 2.6(1) eV respectively. K 2 FeGe 3 S 8 shows antiferromagnetic ordering at 24K while no magnetic ordering was detected in K 2 CoGe 3 S 8 . In conclusion, the magnetic measurements also demonstrate the divalent nature of transition metals in K 2 TGe 3 S 8 (T = Co, Fe).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Partial Wave Analysis of Strange Mesons Decaying to K+p+p- in the Reaction ¿p ¿ K+p+p-¿(1520) and the Commissioning of the GlueX DIRC Detector

Hadron spectroscopy is a cornerstone of our understanding of the strong nuclear interactions. Studying the hadron spectrum led to the postulation of quarks and gluons, and the development of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of the strong nuclear force. Today hadron spectroscopy provides an important test of QCD, particularly in the non-perturbative energy regime. One such test is the existence of hybrid hadrons that have gluonic degrees of freedom, e.g. q ?qg states, that are allowed by QCD but have remained elusive in experimental searches. The GlueX experiment located at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, is designed to map the light meson spectrum, including hybrid mesons, produced by a linearly polarized photon beam that is scattered off of a liquid hydrogen target. This dissertation concerns the installation and commissioning of the GlueX DIRC upgrade and the analysis of three reactions measured by the GlueX experiment. The GlueX DIRC is a particle identification detector installed as an upgrade to the GlueX experiment in 2019 to improve the experiment?s ability to distinguish pions and kaons. The DIRC uses Cherenkov photons radiated by charged particles that travel faster than the speed of light in the detector medium to determine the velocity of said particles. The velocity measurement is used in conjunction with momentum measurements from other detectors to determine the mass of the particle. The DIRC will be essential to the future of strange meson spectroscopy in GlueX. The reactions ?p ? K+K??+??p, ?p ? K+K??0?0p, ?p ? K+K??0?p were initially chosen for this analysis to search for the hybrid meson candidate ?(2170) and related resonances. The ?(2170) has been observed in e+e? collider experiments decaying to K+K??+?? and K+K??0?0, among other final states. The ?(2170) was not observed in this analysis. The reaction ?p ? K+?+???(1520), a subset of the ?p ? K+K??+??p reaction, was analyzed with a Partial Wave Analysis (PWA) in order to study strange mesons that decay to K+?+??. In the PWA, a useful model for the angular distributions was found but no significant structures could be observed due to statistical limitations.

Hurley, Andrew↗
DOE OSTI2024

Observation of χ c J → p p ¯ K S 0 K − π + + c . c .

By analyzing ( 27.12 ± 0.14 ) × 10 8 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, the decays χ c J → p p ¯ K S 0 K − π + + c . c . ( J = 0 , 1 , 2 ) are observed for the first time with statistical significances greater than 10 σ . The branching fractions of these decays are determined to be B ( χ c 0 → p p ¯ K S 0 K − π + + c . c . ) = ( 2.61 ± 0.27 ± 0.32 ) × 10 − 5 , B ( χ c 1 → p p ¯ K S 0 K − π + + c . c . ) = ( 4.16 ± 0.24 ± 0.46 ) × 10 − 5 , and B ( χ c 2 → p p ¯ K S 0 K − π + + c . c . ) = ( 5.63 ± 0.28 ± 0.46 ) × 10 − 5 , respectively. The processes χ c 1 , 2 → p ¯ Λ ( 1520 ) K S 0 π + + c . c . are also observed, with statistical significances of 5.7 σ and 7.0 σ , respectively. Evidence for χ c 0 → p ¯ Λ ( 1520 ) K S 0 π + + c . c . is found with statistical significances of 3.3 σ . The corresponding branching fractions are determined to be B ( χ c 0 → p ¯ Λ ( 1520 ) K S 0 π + + c . c . ) = ( 1.6 1 − 0.64 + 0.68 ± 0.23 ) × 10 − 5 , B ( χ c 1 → p ¯ Λ ( 1520 ) K S 0 π + + c . c . ) = ( 4.06 − 0.76 + 0.80 ± 0.52 ) × 10 − 5 , and B ( χ c 2 → p ¯ Λ ( 1520 ) K S 0 π + + c . c . ) = ( 4.0 9 − 0.84 + 0.87 ± 0.42 ) × 10 − 5 . Here, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Measurement of branching fractions and search for CP violation in $D^0 → π^+π^-η, D^0 → K^+K^-η$, and $D^0 → Φη$ at Belle

We measure the branching fractions and CP asymmetries for the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays $D^0 → π^+π^-η, D^0 → K^+K^-η$, and $D^0 → Φη$, using 980 fb -1 of data from the Belle experiment at the KEKB e + e - collider. We obtain $$\mathcal{B}(D^0 → π^+π^-η = \mathrm{[1.22 ± 0.02 (stat) ± 0.02(syst) ± 0.03}(\mathcal{B}_{\mathrm{ref}})] \mathrm{x 10^{-3}}$$ $$\mathcal{B}(D^0 → K^+K^-η = \mathrm{[1.80^{+0.07}_{-0.06}(stat) ± 0.04 (syst) ± 0.05}(\mathcal{B}_{\mathrm{ref}})] \mathrm{x 10^{-4}}$$ $$\mathcal{B}(D^0 → Φη = \mathrm{[1.84 ± 0.09 (stat) ± 0.0 (syst) ± 0.05}(\mathcal{B}_{\mathrm{ref}})] \mathrm{x 10^{-4}}$$ where the third uncertainty ($\mathcal{B}_{\mathrm{ref}}$) is from the uncertainty in the branching fraction of the reference mode $D^0 → K^-π^+η$. The color-suppressed decay $D^0 → Φη$ is observed for the first time, with very high significance. The results for the CP asymmetries are $$A_{CP} (D^0 → π^+π^-η) = \mathrm{[0.9 ± 1.2 (stat) ± 0.5 (syst)]}\%$$ $$A_{CP} (D^0 → K^+K^-η) = \mathrm{[-1.4 ± 3.3 (stat) ± 1.1 (syst)]}\%$$ $$A_{CP} (D^0 → Φη) = \mathrm{[-1.9 ± 4.4 (stat) ± 0.6 (syst)]}\%$$ The results for $D^0 → π^+π^-η$ are a significant improvement over previous results. The branching fraction and A CP results for $D^0 → K^+K^-η$, and the ACP result for $D^0 → Φη$, are the first such measurements. No evidence for CP violation is found in any of these decays.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

Study of ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{s}}^0$ → J/ψπ + π – K + K – decays

The decays ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{s}}^0$ → J/ψπ + π – K + K – are studied using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb –1 , collected with the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The decays ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{s}}^0$ → $\mathrm{J}/{ψ \mathrm{K}}^{\ast 0}{\overline{\mathrm{K}}}^{\ast 0}$ and ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{s}}^0$ → χ c1 (3872)K + K – , where the K + K – pair does not originate from a Φ meson, are observed for the first time. Precise measurements of the ratios of branching fractions between intermediate χ c1 (3872)Φ, $\mathrm{J}/{ψ \mathrm{K}}^{\ast 0}{\overline{\mathrm{K}}}^{\ast 0}$, ψ(2S)Φ and χ c1 (3872)K + K – states are reported. A structure, denoted as X(4740), is observed in the J/ψΦ mass spectrum and, assuming a Breit-Wigner parameterisation, its mass and width are determined to be ${\displaystyle \begin{array}{c}{m}_{\mathrm{X}(4740)}=4741\pm 6\pm 6\kern0.5em \mathrm{MeV}/{c}^2,\\ {}{\Gamma}_{\mathrm{X}(4740)}=53\pm 15\pm 11\kern0.5em \mathrm{MeV},\end{array}}$ where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. In addition, the most precise single measurement of the mass of the ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{s}}^0$ meson is performed and gives a value of ${m}_{{\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{s}}^0}=5366.98\pm 0.07\pm 0.13\kern0.5em \mathrm{MeV}/{c}^2.$

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Observation of χ c J → 3 ( K + K − )

By analyzing ( 27.12 ± 0.14 ) × 10 8 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, the decay processes χ c J → 3 ( K + K − ) ( J = 0 , 1, 2) are observed for the first time with statistical significances of 8.2 σ , 8.1 σ , and 12.4 σ , respectively. The product branching fractions of ψ ( 3686 ) → γ χ c J , χ c J → 3 ( K + K − ) are presented and the branching fractions of χ c J → 3 ( K + K − ) decays are determined to be B χ c 0 → 3 ( K + K − ) = ( 10.7 ± 1.8 ± 1.1 ) × 10 − 6 , B χ c 1 → 3 ( K + K − ) = ( 4.2 ± 0.9 ± 0.5 ) × 10 − 6 , and B χ c 2 → 3 ( K + K − ) = ( 7.2 ± 1.1 ± 0.8 ) × 10 − 6 , where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
NASA NTRS1994

The Hawaii K-band galaxy survey. 1: Deep K-band imaging

We present the results of a very deep K-band survey with a 5 sigma total galaxy magnitude limit of K = 21.9 in the deepest field. A 5 sigma K-band-selected sample of 123 galaxies is presented, together with their optical colors. Only three galaxies in this sample are not detected at the 1 sigma level in Kron-Cousins I band. At K less than or = 20 the reddest (I-K) color is 5.1 +/- 0.4, and 15 of the 123 objects in the deep field sample have (I-K) greater than 4. In the blue, the galaxies show a rapid blueward trend at magnitudes beyond K = 19, dropping from a median (B-K) = 6 at K = 18 to a median (B-K) of only 4.2 at K = 21.5. The surface density of (I-K) greater than 4 objects is interpreted to imply either that there is a significant evolution toward later types in the colors of the normal galaxy population beyond z = 11 or that galaxies have faded by that redshift.

Cowie, L. L.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Measurements of the branching fractions of ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}_{S}^{0}$, ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{\pi }^{+}$, and ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{K}+$ at Belle and Belle II

Using 983.0 fb −1 and 427.9 fb −1 data samples collected with the Belle and Belle II detectors at the KEKB and SuperKEKB asymmetric energy e + e − colliders, respectively, we present studies of the Cabibbo-favored ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}$ decays ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}_{S}^{0}$ and ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{\pi }^{+}$, and the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{K}^{+}$. The ratios of branching fractions of ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}_{S}^{0}$ and ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{K}^{+}$ relative to that of ${\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}$ are measured for the first time, while the ratio $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{\pi }^{+})/\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+})$ is also determined and improved by an order of magnitude in precision. The measured branching fraction ratios are $\begin{array}{c}\frac{\mathcal{B}\left({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}_{S}^{0}\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}\right)}=0.067\pm 0.007\pm 0.003,\\ \frac{\mathcal{B}\left({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{\pi }^{+}\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}\right)}=0.251\pm 0.005\pm 0.010,\\ \frac{\mathcal{B}\left({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{K}^{+}\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}\right)}=0.017\pm 0.003\pm 0.001.\end{array}$ Additionally, the ratio $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{K}^{+})/\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{\pi }^{+})$ is measured to be 0.068 ± 0.010 ± 0.004. Here, the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Multiplying the ratios by the branching fraction of the normalization mode, $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+})=(2.9\pm 1.3)%$, we obtain the following absolute branching fractions $\begin{array}{c}\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}_{S}^{0})=(0.194\pm 0.021\pm 0.009\pm 0.087)\text{%},\\ \mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{\pi }^{+})=(0.728\pm 0.014\pm 0.027\pm 0.326)\text{%},\\ \mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{0}{K}^{+})=(0.049\pm 0.007\pm 0.003\pm 0.022)\text{%},\end{array}$ where the third uncertainties are from $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_{c}^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+})$.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Observation of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays $D^+ → K^+π^0π^0$ and $D^+ → K^+π^0η$

By analyzing e + e - annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb -1 collected at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we report the first observations of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays D + → K + π 0 π 0 and D + → K + π 0 η. The branching fractions of D + → K + π 0 π 0 and D + → K + π 0 η are measured to be (2.1 ± 0.4 stat ± 0.1 syst ) x 10 -4 and (2.1 ± 0.5 stat ± 0.1 syst ) x 10 -4 with statistical significances of 8.8σ and 5.5σ, respectively. In addition, we search for the subprocesses D + → K * (892) + π 0 and D + → K * (892)+η with K * (892) + → K + π 0 . The branching fraction of D + → K * (892) + η is determined to be (4.4$^{+1.8}_{-1.5stat}$ ± 0.2 syst ) x 10 -4 , with a statistical significance of 3.2σ. No significant signal for D + → K * (892) + π 0 is found and we set an upper limit on the branching fraction of this decay at the 90% confidence level to be 5.4 x 10 -4 .

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

Observation of Significant Flavor-SU(3) Breaking in the Kaon Wave Function at 12 < Q 2 < 25 GeV 2 and Discovery of the Charmless Decay ψ ( 3770 ) → K S 0 K L 0

We present cross sections for the reaction e + e − → K S 0 K L 0 at center-of-mass energies ranging from 3.51 to 4.95 GeV using data samples collected in the BESIII experiment, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 26.5 fb − 1 . The ratio of neutral-to-charged kaon form factors at large momentum transfers ( 12 < Q 2 < 25 GeV 2 ) is determined to be 0.21 ± 0.01 , which indicates a small but significant effect of flavor-SU(3) breaking in the kaon wave function, and, consequently, excludes the possibility that flavor-SU(3) breaking is the primary reason for the strong experimental violation of the pQCD prediction | F ( π ± ) | / | F ( K ± ) | = f π 2 / f K 2 , where F ( π ± ) and F ( K ± ) are the form factors, and f π and f K are the decay constants of charged pions and kaons, respectively. We also observe a significant signal for the charmless decay ψ ( 3770 ) → K S 0 K L 0 for the first time. Within a 1 σ contour of the likelihood value, the branching fraction for ψ ( 3770 ) → K S 0 K L 0 is determined to be B = ( 2.6 3 − 1.59 + 1.40 ) × 10 − 5 , and the relative phase between the continuum and ψ ( 3770 ) amplitudes is ϕ = ( − 0.3 9 − 0.10 + 0.05 ) π . The branching fraction is in good agreement with the S - and D -wave charmonia mixing scheme proposed in the interpretation of the “ ρ π puzzle” between J / ψ and ψ ( 3686 ) decays. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

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