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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2010

Experimental balance energies and isospin-dependent nucleon-nucleon cross-sections

The effect of different isospin-dependent cross-sections on directed flow is studied for a variety of systems (for which experimental balance energies are available) using an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamic (IQMD) model. We show that balance energies are sensitive toward isospin-dependent cross sections for light systems, while nearly no effect exists for heavier nuclei. A reduced cross-section {sigma}=0.9{sigma}{sub NN} with stiff equation of state is able to explain experimental balance energies in most of systems. A power law behavior is also given for the mass dependence of balance energy, which also follows the N/Z dependence.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Pion number fluctuations and correlations in a statistical system with fixed isospin

The statistical system of pions with zero total isospin is studied. The suppression effects for the average yields due to isospin conservation are the same for {pi}{sup 0}, {pi}{sup +}, and {pi}{sup -}. However, a behavior of the corresponding particle number fluctuations are different. For neutral pions there is the enhancement of the fluctuations, whereas for charged pions the isospin conservation suppresses fluctuations. The correlations between the numbers of charged and neutral pions are observed for finite systems. This causes a maximum of the total pion number fluctuations for small systems. The thermodynamic limit values for the scaled variances of neutral and charged pions are calculated. The enhancements of the fluctuations due to Bose statistics are found and discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Isospin diffusion and equilibration for Sn+Sn collisions at E/A=35 MeV

Equilibration and equilibration rates have been measured by colliding Sn nuclei with different isospin asymmetries at beam energies of E/A=35 MeV. Using the yields of mirror nuclei of {sup 7}Li and {sup 7}Be, we have studied the diffusion of isospin asymmetry by combining data from asymmetric {sup 112}Sn+{sup 124}Sn and {sup 124}Sn+{sup 112}Sn collisions with those from symmetric {sup 112}Sn+{sup 112}Sn and {sup 124}Sn+{sup 124}Sn collisions. We use these measurements to probe isospin equilibration in central collisions where nucleon-nucleon collisions are strongly blocked by the Pauli exclusion principle. The results are consistent with transport theoretical calculations that predict a degree of transparency in these collisions, but inconsistent with the emission of intermediate mass fragments by a single chemically equilibrated source. Comparisons with quantum molecular dynamics calculations are consistent with results obtained at higher incident energies that provide constraints on the density dependence of the symmetry energy.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Evaluating the phase diagram at finite isospin and baryon chemical potentials in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

We study the phase diagram of two-flavor dense QCD at finite isospin and baryon chemical potentials in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. We focus on the case with arbitrary isospin chemical potential {mu}{sub I} and small baryon chemical potential {mu}{sub B{<=}{mu}B}{sup {chi}}where {mu}{sub B}{sup {chi}}is the critical chemical potential for the first-order chiral phase transition to happen at {mu}{sub I}=0. The {mu}{sub I}-{mu}{sub B} phase diagram shows a rich phase structure since the system undergoes a crossover from a Bose-Einstein condensate of charged pions to a BCS superfluid with condensed quark-antiquark Cooper pairs when {mu}{sub I} increases at {mu}{sub B}=0, and a nonzero baryon chemical potential serves as a mismatch between the pairing species. We observe a gapless pion condensation phase near the quadruple point ({mu}{sub I},{mu}{sub B})=(m{sub {pi}},M{sub N}-1.5m{sub {pi}}) where m{sub {pi}}, M{sub N} are the vacuum masses of pions and nucleons, respectively. The first-order chiral phase transition becomes a smooth crossover when {mu}{sub I}>0.82m{sub {pi}}. At very large isospin chemical potential, {mu}{sub I}>6.36m{sub {pi}}, an inhomogeneous Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell superfluid phase, appears in a window of {mu}{sub B}, which should in principle exist for arbitrary large {mu}{sub I}. Between the gapless and the Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell phases, the pion superfluid phase and the normal quark matter phase are connected by a first-order phase transition. In the normal phase above the superfluid domain, we find that charged pions are still bound states even though {mu}{sub I} becomes very large, which is quite different from that at finite temperature. Our phase diagram is in good agreement with that found in imbalanced cold atom systems.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Isospin Mixing in the Vicinity of the N=Z Line

We present the isospin- and angular-momentum-projected nuclear density functional theory (DFT) and its applications to the isospin-breaking corrections to the superallowed {beta}-decay rates in the vicinity of the N = Z line. A preliminary value obtained for the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element, |V{sub ud}| = 0.97463(24), agrees well with the recent estimate by Towner and Hardy [Phys. Rev. C77, 025501 (2008)]. We also discuss new opportunities to study the symmetry energy by using the isospin-projected DFT.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Isospin-breaking corrections to light-meson leptonic decays from lattice simulations at physical quark masses

The decreasing uncertainties in theoretical predictions and experimental measurements of several hadronic observables related to weak processes, which in many cases are now smaller than O(1%), require theoretical calculations to include subleading corrections that were neglected so far. Precise determinations of leptonic and semi-leptonic decay rates, including QED and strong isospin-breaking effects, can play a central role in solving the current tensions in the first-row unitarity of the CKM matrix. In this work we present the first RBC/UKQCD lattice calculation of the isospin-breaking corrections to the ratio of leptonic decay rates of kaons and pions into muons and neutrinos. The calculation is performed at fixed lattice spacing (a –1 ≃ 1.730 GeV) on a 48 3 × 96 volume with N f = 2 + 1 dynamical quarks close to the physical point and domain wall fermions in the Möbius formulation are employed. Long-distance QED interactions are included according to the QED L prescription and the crucial role of finite-volume electromagnetic corrections in the determination of leptonic decay rates, which produce a large systematic uncertainty, is extensively discussed. Finally, we study the different sources of uncertainty on |V us |/|V ud | and observe that, if finite-volume systematics can be reduced, the error from isospin-breaking corrections is potentially sub-dominant in the final precision of the ratio of the CKM matrix elements.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Old neutron stars as probes of isospin-violating dark matter

Isospin-violating dark matter (IVDM), which couples differently with protons and neutrons, provides a promising mechanism to ameliorate the tension among recent direct detection experiments. Assuming dark matter (DM) is non-interacting bosonic asymmetric IVDM, we investigate how the existence of old neutron stars limits the DM–proton scattering cross-section σ{sub p}, especially the effects of the isospin-violating DM–nucleon interactions and the symmetry energy in the equation of state (EOS) of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter. Our calculations are completely based on general relativity and the structure of neutron stars is obtained by solving the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equations with nuclear matter EOS constrained by terrestrial experiments. We find that, by considering the more realistic neutron star model rather than a simple uniform neutron sphere as usual, the σ{sub p} bounds from old neutron stars can be varied by more than an order of magnitude depending on the specific values of the DM neutron-to-proton coupling ratio f{sub n}/f{sub p}, and they can be further varied by more than a factor of two depending on the density dependence of the symmetry energy. In particular, we demonstrate that the observed nearby isolated old neutron star PSR B1257+12 can set a very strong limit on σ{sub p} for low-mass DM particles (⩽20 GeV) that reaches a sensitivity beyond the current best limits from direct detection experiments and disfavors the DM interpretation of previously reported positive experimental results, including the IVDM.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Resonances of A = 4T = 1 isospin triplet states within the ab initio no-core Gamow shell model

Here, the A = 4 nuclei, i.e., 4 H, 4 He, and 4 Li , establish an interesting isospin T = 1 isobaric system. 4 H and 4 Li are unbound broad resonances, whereas 4 He is deeply bound in its ground state but unbound in all its excited states. The present situation is that experiments so far have not given consistent data on the resonances. Few-body calculations have well studied the scatterings of the 4N systems. In the present work, we provide many-body calculations of the broad resonance structures, in an ab initio framework with modern realistic interactions. It occurs that, indeed, 4 H, 4 Li, and excited 4 He are broad resonances, which is in accordance with experimental observations. The calculations also show that the first 1 - excited state almost degenerates with the 2 - ground state in the pair of mirror isobars of 4 H and 4 Li, which may suggest that the experimental data on energy and width are the mixture of the ground state and the first excited state. The T = 1 isospin triplet formed with an excited state of 4 He and ground states of 4 H and 4 Li is studied, focusing on the effect of isospin symmetry breaking.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Isospin-symmetry implications for nuclear two-body distributions and short-range correlations

Here, we study the implications of isospin symmetry in nuclear systems on two-body distributions and derive relations between different densities or momentum distributions of a given nucleus or of different nuclei in the same isospin multiplet. A connection between neutrinoless double beta decay transition of mirror nuclei and two-body densities is also obtained. The relations are numerically verified by means of quantum Monte Carlo calculations. We discuss the relevance of these results to the analysis of nuclear short-range correlations and also show that isospin symmetry allows us to extract information about the spectator nucleons when a short-range correlated pair is formed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Lattice quantum chromodynamics at large isospin density

We present an algorithm to compute correlation functions for systems with the quantum numbers of many identical mesons from lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The algorithm is numerically stable and allows for the computation of n-pion correlation functions for n ϵ {1, … , N} using a single N × N matrix decomposition, improving on previous algorithms. We apply the algorithm to calculations of correlation functions with up to 6144 charged pions using two ensembles of gauge field configurations generated with quark masses corresponding to a pion mass m π = 170 MeV and spacetime volumes of (4.4 3 × 8.8) fm 4 and (5.8 3 × 11.6) fm 4 . We also discuss statistical techniques for the analysis of such systems, in which the correlation functions vary over many orders of magnitude. In particular, we observe that the many-pion correlation functions are well-approximated by log-normal distributions, allowing the extraction of the energies of these systems. Using these energies, the large-isospin-density, zero-baryon-density region of the QCD phase diagram is explored. A peak is observed in the energy density at an isospin chemical potential μ I ~ 1.5m π , signaling the transition into a Bose-Einstein condensed phase. The isentropic speed of sound, c s , in the medium is seen to exceed the ideal-gas (conformal) limit ($c^{2}_{s} ≤ 1/3)$ over a wide range of chemical potential before falling towards the asymptotic expectation at μ I ~ 15m π . These, and other thermodynamic observables, indicate that the isospin chemical potential must be large for the system to be well described by an ideal gas or perturbative QCD.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Enhanced contribution of the pairing gap to the QCD equation of state at large isospin chemical potential

In this paper QCD at large isospin density is studied, which is known to be in the superfluid state with Cooper pairs carrying the same quantum number as pions. The gap equation derived from the perturbation theory up to the next-to-leading-order corrections is solved. The pairing gap at large isospin chemical potential is found to be enhanced compared to the color-superconducting gap at large baryon chemical potential due to the 2 difference in the exponent arising from the stronger attraction in one-gluon exchange in the singlet channel. Then, using the gap function, the contribution of the condensation energy of the superfluid state to the QCD equation of state is evaluated. At isospin chemical potential of a few GeV, where the lattice QCD and the perturbative QCD can be both applied, the effect of the condensation energy becomes dominant even compared to the next-to-leading order corrections to the pressure in the perturbation theory. It resolves the discrepancy between the recent lattice QCD results and the perturbative QCD result. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2013

Split Isobaric Analog State in Ni 55 : Case of Strong Isospin Mixing

Study of βþ decay of the exotic T z = -3=2 nucleus 55 Cu, via delayed γ rays, has revealed a strongly isospin mixed doublet (4599–4579 keV) in 55 Ni, which represents the fragmented and previously unknown isobaric analog of the ground state of 55 Cu. The observed small log $ft$ values to both states in the doublet confirm the superallowed Fermi β decay. The near degeneracy of a pair of 3/2 - levels in 55Ni results in the strong isospin mixing. The isospin mixing matrix element between the T = 3/2 and T = 1/2 levels is inferred from the experiment to be 9(1) keV, which agrees well with the matrix element of the charge symmetry breaking shell model Hamiltonian of Ormand and Brown. A precise value of the half-life of 55 Cu at 57(3) ms was also obtained.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Probing the Isospin Composition of Short-Range Correlated Pairs at Jefferson Lab Hall B

Nucleons in short-range correlated (SRC) pairs, due to their close proximity and high relative momentum, can provide insight into the short-range part of the strong nuclear interaction. In particular, the prevalence of np pairs is due to the dominance of a tensor term for correlated nucleons with momenta of approximately 400?600 MeV/c. This dissertation comprises two studies advancing the community?s understanding of the isospin composition of SRC pairs. First, I performed a study of proton and neutron knockout from initially low-momentum and high-momentum states in 3He. Previous work has shown that protons are disproportionately represented in high-momentum states in neutron-rich nuclei. I demonstrate that spectral functions for the proton-rich nucleus 3He predict, in agreement with data, that neutrons are disproportionately represented in high-momentum states, but that 3He does not display the same strong prevalence of np pairs that is observed in larger nuclei. Second, Generalized Contact Formalism (GCF), a well-supported theory for predicting SRC behavior, predicts the transition from an isospin-dependent, tensor-dominant interaction at intermediate distances to a scalar-dominant, isospin-independent interaction at very short distances. This dissertation uses data from the CLAS12 Nuclear Targets Experiments in Hall B at Jefferson Lab to measure the relative abundances of pp and pn pairs for increasing relative momentum and decreasing separation. I provide an independent confirmation of the previously-observed increase in pp pairs at increasing momentum of the struck nucleon. I also contribute to the application of the new CLAS12 Central Neutron Detector by precisely measuring the neutron detection efficiency and developing a machine learning model for rejecting charged particle background.

Seroka, Erin↗
DOE OSTI2024

First Measurement of the Isospin-Dependence of Nuclear Structure Functions at 12 GeV Jefferson Lab

The structure functions of protons and neutrons provide crucial insight into how the strong nuclear force, as described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), manifests at everyday energies, allowing us to better understand precisely how quarks and gluons interact to form the basic building blocks of almost all visible mass in our universe. Despite more than 40 years of experimental and theoretical effort, the EMC effect – the observation that nuclear structure functions appear to be modified from those of free nucleons – is still not fully understood. One open question that remains is whether or not the modification of quark distributions is the same for all quark flavors. Determining the flavor (isospin) dependence of the EMC effect, which is predicted by several models, is essential for coming to a complete understanding of how QCD manifests in nuclei. To this end, inclusive electron Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) from nuclei with approximately constant atomic mass number A and variable proton-to-neutron ratio N/Z was measured in Jefferson Lab experiment E12-10-008 to look for isospin-dependent modification of nuclear structure functions. The preliminary EMC ratios presented here cover a kinematic range of 2.8 < Q2 < 8.1 GeV2 and 0.18 < xBj < 1.0. The size of the EMC effect in these nuclei is extracted by calculating the slope of the EMC ratio as a function of Bjorken x (xBj ) over the ranges 0.3 < xBj < 0.6 and 0.3 < xBj < 0.7; these slopes then are compared with existing world data. Our preliminary results do not appear to indicate significant isospin-dependence of the EMC effect, though a more careful study is needed once all results are confirmed.

Cotton, Cameron William [Univ. of Virginia, Charlo↗
DOE OSTI2018

Spin–isospin effects on Isgur–Wise function for heavy-baryon transitions

In this paper, the baryonic wave function has been obtained with the Cornell potential, a combination of linear and Coulomb terms, using the hyper-radial Schrödinger equation and an improved variational method while on the other hand, hyperfine interactions are considered, including smeared standard hyperfine term, isospin dependent and spin–isospin dependent terms in order to improve the results. Then, the baryonic Isgur–Wise function in hyperspherical coordinates has been investigated employing both mentioned wave functions. Finally, in particular, the charged radius and the decay width of transition have been reported for both methods and compared with those obtained in experiments or theories.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Isospin breaking effects in the dynamical generation of the X(3872)

We have studied isospin breaking effects in the X(3872) resonance and found a natural explanation for the branching fraction of the X decaying to J/{Psi} with two and three pions being close to unit. Within our framework the X(3872) is a dynamically generated resonance in coupled channels. We also study the relationship between the couplings of the resonance to the coupled channels with its wave function, which further helps us to understand the isospin structure of the resonance.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Light scalar susceptibilities and isospin breaking

Making a thermal analysis in the context of NLO SU(3) Chiral Perturbation Theory we see that isospin breaking (IB) corrections (both electromagnetic and QCD ones) to quark condensates are of order O(e{sup 2}) and O({epsilon}), with {epsilon} the {pi}{sup 0}-{eta} mixing angle. However the combination {chi}{sub uu}-{chi}{sub ud} of flavour breaking susceptibilities, which vanishes in the isospin limit and can be identified essentially with the connected susceptibility, has an order O(1) contribution enhanced with T because of the {pi}{sup 0}-{eta}) mixing. Finally we present a thermal sum rule that relates quark condensate ratios and the light scalar susceptibility without IB, {chi}(T)-{chi}(0).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Measurement of isospin mixing in {sup 80}Zr{sup *} at finite temperature

Isospin mixing induced by Coulomb interaction has been measured in the compound nucleus Z = N = 40 {sup 80}Zr at T{approx}2 MeV produced in a fusion-evaporation reaction. The observable sensitive to the isospin purity of the compound nucleus is the Giant Dipole Resonance {gamma} decay. The degree of mixing of the compound nucleus has been obtained via Statistical Model analysis of the measured {gamma} spectrum.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗