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Results for “INTERMEDIATE STATE”
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Pump-Flow-Probe X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy as a Tool for Studying Intermediate States of Photocatalytic Systems
Abstract not provided
Structural characterization of the P1+ intermediate state of the P-cluster of nitrogenase
Not Available
Normal single-spin asymmetries in electron-proton scattering: Two-photon exchange with intermediate-state resonances
Not Available
Structure of a Eukaryotic CLC Transporter Defines an Intermediate State in the Transport Cycle
CLC proteins transport chloride (Cl{sup -}) ions across cell membranes to control the electrical potential of muscle cells, transfer electrolytes across epithelia, and control the pH and electrolyte composition of intracellular organelles. Some members of this protein family are Cl{sup -} ion channels, whereas others are secondary active transporters that exchange Cl{sup -} ions and protons (H{sup +}) with a 2:1 stoichiometry. We have determined the structure of a eukaryotic CLC transporter at 3.5 angstrom resolution. Cytoplasmic cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) domains are strategically positioned to regulate the ion-transport pathway, and many disease-causing mutations in human CLCs reside on the CBS-transmembrane interface. Comparison with prokaryotic CLC shows that a gating glutamate residue changes conformation and suggests a basis for 2:1 Cl{sup -}/H{sup +} exchange and a simple mechanistic connection between CLC channels and transporters.
QUASI-ANHARMONIC ANALYSIS REVEALS INTERMEDIATE STATES IN THE NUCLEAR CO-ACTIVATOR RECEPTOR BINDING DOMAIN ENSEMBLE. In: Biocomputing 2012
The molten globule nuclear receptor co-activator binding domain (NCBD) of CREB binding protein (CBP) selectively recruits transcription co-activators (TCAs) during the formation of the transcription preinitiation complex. NCBD:TCA interactions have been implicated in several cancers, however, the mechanisms of NCBD:TCA recognition remain uncharacterized. NCBD:TCA intermolecular recognition has challenged traditional investigation as both NCBD and several of its corresponding TCAs are intrinsically disordered. Using 40μs of explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations, we relate the conformational diversity of ligand-free NCBD to its bound configurations. We introduce two novel techniques to quantify the conformational heterogeneity of ligand-free NCBD, dihedral quasi-anharmonic analysis (dQAA) and hierarchical graph-based diffusive clustering. With this integrated approach we find that three of four ligand-bound states are natively accessible to the ligand-free NCBD simulations with root-mean squared deviation (RMSD) less than 2Å These conformations are accessible via diverse pathways while a rate-limiting barrier must be crossed in order to access the fourth bound state.
Intermediate State UAM Vision Concept of Operations (ConOps) Overview
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Structure of a Eurkaryotic CLC Transporter Defines an Intermediate State in the Transport Cycle
CLC proteins transport chloride (Cl{sup -}) ions across cell membranes to control the electrical potential of muscle cells, transfer electrolytes across epithelia, and control the pH and electrolyte composition of intracellular organelles. Some members of this protein family are Cl{sup -} ion channels, whereas others are secondary active transporters that exchange Cl{sup -} ions and protons (H{sup +}) with a 2:1 stoichiometry. We have determined the structure of a eukaryotic CLC transporter at 3.5 angstrom resolution. Cytoplasmic cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) domains are strategically positioned to regulate the ion-transport pathway, and many disease-causing mutations in human CLCs reside on the CBS-transmembrane interface. Comparison with prokaryotic CLC shows that a gating glutamate residue changes conformation and suggests a basis for 2:1 Cl{sup -}/H{sup +} exchange and a simple mechanistic connection between CLC channels and transporters.
Quasi-Anharmonic Analysis Reveals Intermediate States In The Nuclear Co-Activator Receptor Binding Domain Ensemble
The molten globule nuclear receptor co-activator binding domain (NCBD) of CREB binding protein (CBP) selectively recruits transcription co-activators (TCAs) during the formation of the transcription preinitiation complex. NCBD:TCA interactions have been implicated in several cancers, however, the mechanisms of NCBD:TCA recognition remain uncharacterized. NCBD:TCA intermolecular recognition has challenged traditional investigation as both NCBD and several of its corresponding TCAs are intrinsically disordered. Using 40 {micro}s of explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations, we relate the conformational diversity of ligand-free NCBD to its bound configurations. We introduce two novel techniques to quantify the conformational heterogeneity of ligand-free NCBD, dihedral quasi-anharmonic analysis (dQAA) and hierarchical graph-based diffusive clustering. With this integrated approach we find that three of four ligand-bound states are natively accessible to the ligand-free NCBD simulations with root-mean squared deviation (RMSD) less than 2 {angstrom}. These conformations are accessible via diverse pathways while a rate-limiting barrier must be crossed in order to access the fourth bound state.
Study of the Decay B0bar->LambdaC+ pbar pi+ pi- and its Intermediate States
Abstract Not Provided
Observation of an Intermediate State in Psi(3684) Radiative Cascade Decay
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Rotating Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state in cold Fermi gases
We study an effect of rotation on the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state of two-component Fermi superfluid gases in a toroidal trap. We investigate the stability of the FFLO states in the quasi-one-dimensional regime on the basis of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation. We find that two FFLO phases, i.e., the half-quantum-vortex state and the intermediate state of the Fulde-Ferrell (FF) state and the Larkin-Ovchinnikov (LO) state, are stabilized by the rotation. The phase diagram for the FF state, LO state, intermediate state, and half-quantum-vortex state is shown in both the T-P plane and the T-h plane. We demonstrate characteristic features of these states, such as the order parameter, flux quantization, and local polarization. Several related works are discussed, and the advantages of cold Fermi gases are indicated.
Enhanced sub-bandgap efficiency of a solid-state organic intermediate band solar cell using triplet–triplet annihilation
Conventional solar cells absorb photons with energy above the bandgap of the active layer while sub-bandgap photons are unharvested. One way to overcome this loss is to capture the low energy light in the triplet state of a molecule capable of undergoing triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA), which pools the energy of two triplet states into one high energy singlet state that can then be utilized. This mechanism underlies the function of an organic intermediate band solar cell (IBSC). Here, we report a solid-state organic IBSC that shows enhanced photocurrent derived from TTA that converts sub-bandgap light into charge carriers. Femtosecond resolution transient absorption spectroscopy and delayed fluorescence spectroscopy provide evidence for the triplet sensitization and upconversion mechanisms, while external quantum efficiency measurements in the presence of a broadband background light demonstrate that sub-bandgap performance enhancements are achievable in this device. In conclusion, the solid-state architecture introduced in this work serves as an alternative to previously demonstrated solution-based IBSCs, and is a compelling model for future research efforts in this area.
Implication of the Observable Spectral Cutoff Energy Evolution in XTE J1550-564
The physical mechanisms responsible for production of the non-thermal emission in accreting black holes should be imprinted in the observational appearances of the power law tails in the X-ray spectra from these objects. Variety of spectral states observed from galactic black hole binaries by it Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) allow examination of the photon upscattering under different accretion regimes. We revisit of RXTE data collected from the black hole X-ray binary XTE J1550-564 during two periods of X-ray activity in 1998 and 2000 focusing on the behavior of the high energy cutoff of the power law part of the spectrum. For the 1998 outburst the Iran- sition from the low-hard state to the intermediate state was accompanied by a gradual decrease in the cutoff energy which then showed a sharp reversal to a clear increasing trend during the further evolution towards the very high and high-soft states. However, the 2000 outburst showed only the decreasing part of this pattern. Notably, the photon indexes corresponding to the cutoff increase for the 1998 event are much higher than the index values reached during the 2000 rise transition. We attribute this difference in the cutoff' energy behav- for to the different partial contributions of the thermal and non-thermal (bulk motion) Comptonization in photon upscattering. Namely, during the 1998 event the higher accretion rate presumably provided more cooling to the Comptonizing media and thus reducing the effectiveness of the thermal upscattering process. Under these conditions the bulk motion takes a leading role in boosting the input soft photons. Monte Carlo simulations of the The physical mechanisms responsible for production of the non-thermal emission in accreting black holes should be imprinted in the observational apperances of the power law tails in the X-ray spectra from these objects. Variety of spectral states observed from galactic black hole binaries by it Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) allow examination of the photon upscattering under different accretion regimes. We revisit of RXTE data collected from the black hole X-ray binary XTE J1550-564 during two periods of X-ray activity in 1998 and 2000 focusing on the behavior of the high energy cutoff of the power law part of the spectrum. For the 1998 outburst the Iran- sition from the low-hard state to the intermediate state was accompanied by a gradual decrease in the cutoff energy which then showed a sharp reversal to a clear increasing trend during the further evolution towards the very high and high-soft states. However, the 2000 outburst showed only the decreasing part of this pattern. Notably, the photon indexes corresponding to the cutoff increase for the 1998 event are much higher than the index values reached during the 2000 rise transition. We attribute this difference in the cutoff' energy behav- for to the different partial contributions of the thermal and non-thermal (bulk motion) Comptonization in photon upscattering. Namely, during the 1998 event the higher accretion rate presumably provided more cooling to the Comptonizing media and thus reducing the effectiveness of the thermal upscattering process. Under these conditions the bulk motion takes a leading role in boosting the input soft photons. Monte Carlo simulations of the Comptonization in a bulk motion region near an accreting black hole by Laurent & Titarchuk (2010) strongly support this scenario. strongly support this scenario
Disentanglement of electron dynamics and space-charge effects in time-resolved photoemission from h-BN/Ni(111)
We observe time-resolved and polarization dependent two-, three-, and four-photon transitions from a Ni(111) surface covered with a monolayer of hexagonal boron nitride. The spectra show features due to transitions involving two unoccupied intermediate states: the n=1 image potential state of Ni(111) and a boron nitride-related interface state. We use these transitions in order to track the effects of space-charge on the spectra in view of pump-probe experiments, at high excitations densities. A simple model is presented, which reproduces the measured energy shifts and broadenings in great detail, allowing the ultrafast dynamics and the space-charge effects to be disentangled. Moreover, owing to the high excitation densities an additional particular three-photon transition via both the interface state and a virtual intermediate state could be measured and identified. The polarization-dependent transient of this transition has successfully been simulated, allowing the lifetime of the involved intermediate state to be extracted from the data.
Changes in seed water status as characterized by NMR in developing soybean seed grown under moisture stress conditions
Highlights: • In developing soybean seeds, moisture stress resulted in more proportion of water to bound state. • These changes are further corroborated by concomitant changes in seed metabolites. • Thus there exists a moisture stress and development stage dependence of seed tissue water status. - Abstract: Changes in water status of developing seeds of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill.) grown under different moisture stress conditions were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)- spin–spin relaxation time (T{sub 2}). A comparison of the seed development characteristics, composition and physical properties indicated that, characteristics like seed weight, seed number/ear, rate of seed filling increased with development stages but decreased with moisture stress conditions. The NMR- spin–spin relaxation (T{sub 2}) component like bound water increased with seed maturation (40–50%) but decreased with moisture stress conditions (30–40%). The changes in seed water status to increasing levels of moisture stress and seed maturity indicates that moisture stress resulted in more proportion of water to bound state and intermediate state and less proportion of water in free-state. These changes are further corroborated by significant changes in protein and starch contents in seeds under high moisture stress treatments. Thus seed water status during its development is not only affected by development processes but also by moisture stress conditions. This study strongly indicated a clear moisture stress and development stage dependence of seed tissue water status in developing soybean seeds.