Surface waves in hot plasmas.
Surface wave terms found in long wavelength limit during solution of initial value problem for semiinfinite hot plasma
Guernsey, R. L.↗
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Results for “HOT PLASMA”
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Detection of a hot plasma component within the core regions of Jupiter's distant magnetotail
Voyager-2 PLS low-energy plasma data and the magnetometer data are combined with the the LECP ion data (E greater than 28 keV) for the distant magnetotail observations (R = 5000-9000 Jupiter radii). A definite enhancement of LECP fluxes within the core regions (where the PLS densities and magnetic-field pressure are lower than in the surrounding regions) is shown, indicating that this hot tenuous plasma is present within the core regions. In general there is a strong anticorrelation between PLS density and LECP fluxes, while a less pronounced anticorrelation between magnetic-field pressure and LECP fluxes is observed. Estimates of LECP pressures suggest that this hot plasma can provide the previously described missing pressure in the core if heavy ions dominate the ion composition. The angular dependence of the LECP data indicates a flow of this hot plasma in the anti-Jupiter direction. This outflowing plasma could be the remnant of the magnetospheric wind observed near Jupiter by LECP. On the basis of this preliminary study, the core regions are found to have similarities to a plasma sheet.
Sittler, Edward C., Jr.↗
Polarized radiation from hot plasmas and applications to AM Herculis binaries
Absorption coefficients for the ordinary and extraordinary modes are calculated for cyclotron radiation from hot plasmas with temperatures between 0.2 and 20 keV. The results are applied to the accretion columns of the AM Herculis binaries. The linear and circular polarization properties of the observed polarized light can be understood if the emission is at approximately the fifth harmonic of the cyclotron frequency. The magnetic fields in these systems is deduced to be roughly 4 x 10 to the 7th gauss.
Chanmugam, G.↗
Variable, optically thick, hot plasma observed in interacting binaries
Recent International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) observations of two interacting binaries, R Arae and HD 207739 are reported. The ultraviolet spectra indicate the presence of optically-thick, variable hot plasma in those binary systems. These two binaries may belong to a class of binaries that are currently undergoing a rarely observed and probably short-lived phase in their evolution. Their properties are compared with those of two other interacting binaries, U Cephei and Beta Lyrae.
Kondo, Y.↗
HOT PLASMA FROM SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION CORES: CONSTRAINTS FROM THE HINODE X-RAY TELESCOPE
Mechanisms invoked to heat the solar corona to millions of degrees kelvin involve either magnetic waves or magnetic reconnections. Turbulence in the convection zone produces MHD waves, which travel upward and dissipate. Photospheric motions continuously build up magnetic energy, which is released through magnetic reconnection. In this paper, we concentrate on hot non-flaring plasma with temperatures of 5 MK < T < 10 MK because it is one of the few observables for which wave and reconnection models make different predictions. Wave models predict no (or little) hot plasma, whereas reconnection models predict it, although in amounts that are challenging to detect with current instrumentation. We used data from the X-ray Telescope (XRT) and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA). We requested a special XRT observing sequence, which cycled through the thickest XRT filter several times per hour so we could average these images and improve the signal-to-noise. We did differential emission measure (DEM) analysis using the time-averaged thick-filter data as well as all available channels from both the XRT and AIA for regions observed on 2014 December 11. Whereas our earlier work was only able to determine that plasma with a temperature greater than 5 MK was present , we are now able to find a well-constrained DEM distribution. We have therefore added a strong observational constraint that must be explained by any viable coronal heating model. Comparing state-of-the-art wave and reconnection model predictions, we can conclude that reconnection is heating the hot plasma in these active regions.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
A parametric study of the linear growth of magnetospheric EMIC waves in a hot plasma
Since electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the terrestrial magnetosphere play a crucial role in the dynamic losses of relativistic electrons and energetic protons and in the ion heating, it is important to pursue a comprehensive understanding of the EMIC wave dispersion relation under realistic circumstances, which can shed significant light on the generation, amplification, and propagation of magnetospheric EMIC waves. The full kinetic linear dispersion relation is implemented in the present study to evaluate the linear growth of EMIC waves in a multi-ion (H{sup +}, He{sup +}, and O{sup +}) magnetospheric plasma that also consists of hot ring current protons. Introduction of anisotropic hot protons strongly modifies the EMIC wave dispersion surface and can result in the simultaneous growth of H{sup +}-, He{sup +}-, and O{sup +}-band EMIC emissions. Our parametric analysis demonstrates that an increase in the hot proton concentration can produce the generation of H{sup +}- and He{sup +}-band EMIC waves with higher possibility. While the excitation of H{sup +}-band emissions requires relatively larger temperature anisotropy of hot protons, He{sup +}-band emissions are more likely to be triggered in the plasmasphere or plasmaspheric plume where the background plasma is denser. In addition, the generation of He{sup +}-band waves is more sensitive to the variation of proton temperature than H{sup +}-band waves. Increase of cold heavy ion (He{sup +} and O{sup +}) density increases the H{sup +} cutoff frequency and therefore widens the frequency coverage of the stop band above the He{sup +} gyrofrequency, leading to a significant damping of H{sup +}-band EMIC waves. In contrast, O{sup +}-band EMIC waves characteristically exhibit the temporal growth much weaker than the other two bands, regardless of all considered variables, suggesting that O{sup +}-band emissions occur at a rate much lower than H{sup +}- and He{sup +}-band emissions, which is consistent with the observations.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Soft X-ray spectrum of a hot plasma
The spectrum of radiation emitted by a hot optically thin plasma with abundances and equilibrium ionization balance appropriate to interstellar conditions has been calculated. The results at wavelengths shorter than 200 A are discussed for material in the electron-temperature range from 160,000 to 100 million K.
Raymond, J. C.↗
Cosmological constraints on hot plasma in a closed universe
A hot uniform collisionally heated intergalactic medium (IGM) at closure density is reconsidered. Optical depth measurements, plasma cooling and ionic abundances during the recombination epoch are discussed. The data are used to calculate X-radiation at critical energies. The results indicate a present temperature from 160,000 to 4,200,000 K if the reheating of the IGM ceased at the latest possible time. As cessation of heating moves to earlier times, the range of present plasma temperature narrows until at the earliest possible cessation time only about 160,000 K is acceptable. Relevant formulae are provided to modify these numbers as new data become available. This IGM avoids any hard X-ray production and thus assumes that discrete sources alone constitute the entire cosmic X-ray background.
Sherman, R. D.↗
Modeling of hot plasma in the solar active region core
Magnetically confined plasma with temperatures ⩾5 MK are a feature of hot coronal loops observed in the core of active regions. In this paper, using observations and MHD modeling of coronal loops, we investigate whether wave heating (Alternating Current) models can describe the high temperature loops observed in the active region of 2012 September 7. We construct three-dimensional MHD models for the Alfvén wave turbulence within loops with high temperature. We find that for the Alfvén waves to create enough turbulence to heat the corona, the rms velocity at the footpoints must be 5–6 km s{sup −1}. We conclude that the Alfvén wave turbulence model may be a candidate for explaining how the hot loops are heated, provided the loops have a high velocity at their photospheric footpoints.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Experimental study of hot electron generation in shock ignition relevant high-intensity regime with large scale hot plasmas
In the shock ignition (SI) laser fusion scheme, hot electrons generated by the laser spike pulse can either preheat the fuel or strengthen the ignition shock, depending on the hot electron characteristics. We conducted a planar target experiment on the OMEGA-EP laser facility and characterized the temperature and total energy of hot electrons generated from a kilojoule-class 100-ps infrared (IR) or a 1-ns ultraviolet (UV) laser interacting with a large (L n ~330-450 μm) and hot (T e ~1-2 keV) coronal plasma at the SI-relevant intensities (~10 16 W/cm 2 ). The IR laser converts ~2.5% energy into hot electrons with T hot ~ 60–90 keV, while the UV laser couples 0.8% ± 0.7% energy into T hot =27 ± 9 keV hot electrons. The IR-produced hot electrons yield five times higher Cu Kα emission than the UV case, confirming the higher electron conversion efficiency with the IR laser. The low energy conversion from the UV laser to hot electrons may be due to the refraction of the off-normal incident laser in the large coronal plasma. These findings are the first comparisons of hot electron generation between the IR and UV pulses at kilojoule scales in SI-relevant large-scale plasmas. The findings may expand the SI design space to include IR lasers as the possible spike lasers.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Frequency and wavenumber shifts for nonlinear waves in a ''hot'' plasma.
Amplitude dependent frequency and wave number shifts for nonlinear wave propagation in collisionless hot electron plasma, using perturbation expansion
PLASMA WAVE↗
MAGNETICALLY CONFINED INTERSTELLAR HOT PLASMA IN THE NUCLEAR BULGE OF OUR GALAXY
The origin of the Galactic center diffuse X-ray emission (GCDX) is still under intense investigation. In particular, the interpretation of the hot (kT ≈ 7 keV) component of the GCDX, characterized by the strong Fe 6.7 keV line emission, has been contentious. If the hot component originates from a truly diffuse interstellar plasma, not a collection of unresolved point sources, such plasma cannot be gravitationally bound, and its regeneration would require a huge amount of energy. Here, we show that the spatial distribution of the GCDX does not correlate with the number density distribution of an old stellar population traced by near-infrared light, strongly suggesting a significant contribution of the diffuse interstellar plasma. Contributions of the old stellar population to the GCDX are implied to be ∼50% and ∼20% in the nuclear stellar disk (NSD) and nuclear star cluster, respectively. For the NSD, a scale height of 0.°32 ± 0.°02 is obtained for the first time from the stellar number density profiles. We also show the results of the extended near-infrared polarimetric observations in the central 3° × 2° region of our Galaxy, and confirm that the GCDX region is permeated by a large scale, toroidal magnetic field (MF) as previously claimed. Together with observed MF strengths close to energy equipartition, the hot plasma could be magnetically confined, reducing the amount of energy required to sustain it.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Temperature dependence of H beta emission from hot plasmas
Temperature dependence of H-beta emission from hot hydrogen-helium plasmas, calculating production rate at 10,000-100,000,000 K
Gould, R. J.↗
Composition of the hot plasma near geosynchronous altitude
Although there were no direct measurements of the composition of the hot (keV) plasma at geosynchronous altitudes, the combination of other observations leads to the conclusion that, at least during geomagnetically disturbed periods, there are significant fluxes of ions heavier than protons in this region. Ion composition measurements below 8000 km altitude show upward streaming fluxes of both O(+) and H(+) ions in the L-region of the geosynchronous orbit. These observations are consistent with the conclusion that at least a portion of the total ion fluxes observed at geosynchronous altitude to be highly peaked near the magnetic field lines are heavier than protons and originate in the ionosphere.
Johnson, R. G.↗
HINODE/EIS SPECTROSCOPIC VALIDATION OF VERY HOT PLASMA IMAGED WITH THE SOLAR DYNAMICS OBSERVATORY IN NON-FLARING ACTIVE REGION CORES
We use coronal imaging observations with the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), and Hinode/Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) spectral data to explore the potential of narrowband EUV imaging data for diagnosing the presence of hot (T {approx}> 5 MK) coronal plasma in active regions. We analyze observations of two active regions (AR 11281, AR 11289) with simultaneous AIA imaging and EIS spectral data, including the Ca XVII line (at 192.8 A), which is one of the few lines in the EIS spectral bands sensitive to hot coronal plasma even outside flares. After careful co-alignment of the imaging and spectral data, we compare the morphology in a three-color image combining the 171, 335, and 94 A AIA spectral bands, with the image obtained for Ca XVII emission from the analysis of EIS spectra. We find that in the selected active regions the Ca XVII emission is strong only in very limited areas, showing striking similarities with the features bright in the 94 A (and 335 A) AIA channels and weak in the 171 A band. We conclude that AIA imaging observations of the solar corona can be used to track hot plasma (6-8 MK), and so to study its spatial variability and temporal evolution at high spatial and temporal resolution.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
STREAM INSTABILITIES IN RELATIVISTICALLY HOT PLASMA
The growth rates for Weibel and Buneman instabilities of relativistic ion beams in a relativistically hot electron background are derived analytically for general propagation angles. The Weibel instability perpendicular to the streaming direction is found to be the fastest growing mode and probably the first to appear. Oblique, quasiperpendicular modes grow almost as fast as the growth rate varies only moderately with angle, and they may distort or corrugate the filaments after the perpendicular mode saturates. The growth rate of the purely longitudinal (Buneman) mode is significantly smaller, contrary to the non-relativistic case. The results are consistent with simulations, which display aligned magnetic filaments and their subsequent disruption.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
An Exact Calculation of Electron-Ion Energy Splitting in a Hot Plasma
In this brief report, I summarize the rather involved recent work of Brown, Preston, and Singleton (BPS). In Refs. [2] and [3], BPS calculate the energy partition into ions and electrons as a charged particle traverses a non-equilibrium two-temperature plasma. These results are exact to leading and next-to-leading order in the plasma coupling g, and are therefore extremely accurate in a weakly coupled plasma. The new BPS calculations are compared with the more standard work of Fraley et al. [12]. The results differ substantially at higher temperature when T I ≠ T e .
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Spectral–Dynamic Model of the Hot Plasma Layer Expansion
We propose a theoretical model describing the expansion of a plasma layer into vacuum for an arbitrary electron plasma component temperature. Comparison with the known limiting cases of the quasi-neutral outflow and the Coulomb explosion, as well as with the results of the 1D electrostatic simulation, has revealed a high accuracy of the proposed model in the description of the spectral–energy and spatial characteristics of ions accelerated during the plasma expansion. The procedure for obtaining the relations between the characteristics of accelerated ions and the laser pulse and target parameters is described with regard to qualitative predictions and the description of the results of numerical kinetic simulation and experiments on the laser and plasma acceleration of ions.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗