TENSILE PROPERTIES OF PYROLYTIC GRAPHITE TO 5000 DEG F
Tensile properties of pyrolytic graphite up to 5,000 degrees f
HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIAL↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Physical and thermal property changes under uniform oxidation in nuclear graphite
Material property changes of fine- and medium-grain nuclear graphite grades were measured after subjection to uniform oxidation. The cores of high temperature reactors are composed of large nuclear graphite block components. Here, these large core components are designed to provide neutron moderation and reflection, create a large thermal sink to assist in operational control, and form the solid core structure containing the nuclear fuel, coolant channels, and the safety critical channels for control rod insertion. Oxidation is a principle degradation mechanism affecting all aspects of the nuclear graphite component functions. This study addresses the underlying physical property changes of nuclear-graphite components for oxidized mass loss ranges beyond the current recommended ASME code rule limits to ensure structural integrity within the graphite components (a maximum mass loss = 10%).
11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
CMB-13 research on carbon and graphite
The research on graphite and carbon for this period is reported. Topics discussed include: effects of grinding on the Santa Marie graphites, properties and purities of coal-tar, resin-bonded graphite, carbonization of resin components, and glass-like carbon filler.
Smith, M. C.↗
Effects of high energy radiation on the mechanical properties of epoxy graphite fiber reinforced composites
The effects of high energy radiation on mechanical properties and on the molecular and structural properties of graphite fiber reinforced composites are assessed so that durability in space applications can be predicted. A listing of composite systems irradiated along with the maximum radiation dose applied and type of mechanical tests performed is shown. These samples were exposed to 1/2 MeV electrons.
Gilbert, R. D.↗
Multi-scale Effects of Defects and Microstructure on Mechanical Properties of Nuclear Graphite
Multi-scale Effects of Defects and Microstructure on Mechanical Properties of Nuclear Graphite, Micro-CT split disc fracture test, In situ TEM compression/creep testing after ion irradiation, Room temperature annealing of graphite, and NEUP research goals.
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
Properties of P-03 graphite
Thermal and mechanical properties of P-03 graphite evaluated for nuclear energy for rocket vehicle reactor hardware
HARDWARE↗
The effect of thermal exposure on the mechanical properties of aluminum-graphite composites
The mechanical properties of aluminum-graphite composites were measured at room temperature in the as-received condition, after elevated temperature exposure and after thermal cycling. The composites were fabricated by solid-state diffusion bonding of liquid-phase Al-infiltrated Thornel 50 fibers. The results showed that the maximum longitudinal tensile strength of the as-received material was 80,000 psi, which corresponds well with the rule of mixture value. The composite strength was observed to vary widely, depending on the extent of wetting of the fibers by the aluminum. The strength of the composites in the transverse direction was generally very low, due to poor interfacial bonding. Aluminum carbide (Al4C3) formed at the surface of the fibers at temperatures greater than 500 C. Development of the carbide was shown to be diffusion-controlled and was dependent on the time and temperature used. It was shown that the tensile strength was virtually unaffected by heat-treatment up to 500 C; beyond that temperature a drastic degradation of tensile strength occurred. Thermal cycling of the composites below 500 C resulted in an observable degradation of the composite strength.
Khan, I. H.↗
Effects of moisture on torsion and flexure properties of graphite-epoxy composites
The effects of moisture and temperature on unidirectional and multi-ply laminates of T300/934 and AS/3501 graphite-epoxy systems were investigated. Properties studied were static flexure strength, and flexure and torsion fatigue strengths at room temperature and at 74 C. Specimens with increased moisture content showed a reduced static flexure strength; water as the test environment had only a negligible influence. In flexure fatigue and torsion fatigue, the water environment caused somewhat reduced fatigue strengths at room temperature and significantly greater degradation in 74 C water. The failure mode in all cases was interlaminar delamination.
Sumsion, H. T.↗
Effects of moisture on apparent flexure strength and on torsion and flexure fatigue properties of graphite-epoxy composites
The effects of moisture and temperature on unidirectional and multi-ply laminates of T300/934 and AS/3501 graphite-epoxy systems were investigated. Properties studied were static flexure strength and flexure and torsion fatigue strengths at room temperature and at 74 C. Specimens with increased moisture content showed a reduced static flexure strength; water as the test environment had only a negligible influence. In flexure fatigue and torsion fatigue, the water environment caused somewhat reduced fatigue strengths at room temperature and significantly greater degradation in 74 C water. The failure mode in all cases was interlaminar delamination.
Sumsion, H. T.↗
A feasibility study of the use of graphite in high vacuum applications Summary technical report, 2 Jun. - 2 Dec. 1970
Literature survey and experimental evaluation of graphite properties in high vacuum environment
Beitel, G. A.↗
The use of graphite in high and ultrahigh vacuum - A review
Graphite properties in high and ultrahigh vacuum, suggesting use as electrode material in vacuum gages and residual gas analyzers
Beitel, G. A.↗
NERVA materials development
Materials development topics include: development of analysis techniques to adjust heterogeneous data; determination of thermal conductivity for AISI 347 stainless steel and elastic moduli and Poisson's ratio for Inconel 718 and Ti 5Al-2.5Sn; embrittlement effects of 1400 psi gaseous hydrogen for alloy 718 and Ti 5Al-2.5Sn; cryogenic radiation damage of Ti 5Al-2.5Sn; and evaluation of prepreg, impregnation, and fabric materials for optimum fibrous graphite properties. Component support topics include: tensile design allowable development of Ti 5Al-2.5Sn for turbopump applications; evaluation of fatigue, fracture toughness, and stress corrosion properties of AA 7039-T63 for pressure vessel applications; development of AISI 347 sheet tensile and creep properties for nozzle applications; evaluation of orbital weld techniques for aluminum line fabrication; material selection of shield materials; development of high load friction and wear properties of hard chrome/gold plate combinations; and evaluation of weld processes for NASS duct coolant channel fabrication.
Mandell, B.↗
Infrared studies of dust grains in infrared reflection nebulae
IR reflection nebulae, regions of dust which are illuminated by nearby embedded sources, were observed in several regions of ongoing star formation. Near IR observation and theoretical modelling of the scattered light form IR reflection nebulae can provide information about the dust grain properties in star forming regions. IR reflection nebulae were modelled as plane parallel slabs assuming isotropically scattering grains. For the grain scattering properties, graphite and silicate grains were used with a power law grain size distribution. Among the free parameters of the model are the stellar luminosity and effective temperature, the optical depth of the nebula, and the extinction by foreground material. The typical results from this model are presented and discussed.
Pendleton, Yvonne J.↗
Graphite Oxidation Modeling
Oxidation modeling importance ASME consideration Effect on graphite properties Model Overview Numerical Model Oxidation Diffusion Reaction Kinetics Model Parameterization Example problems Editing the model Simple problem example Conclusions Coupling to stress analysis Oxidation result analysis
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
Effect of heat-treatment temperature of vapor-grown graphite fibers. I - Properties of their bromine intercalation compounds
Vapor-grown graphite fibers were heat treated at 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600, 2800, and 3000 C, brominated at room temperature for two days, and then characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and resistivity measurements. Fibers greater than 13 microns in diameter had low resistivities (50 microohms or less) irrespective of the heat treatment temperature. An analysis of the results obtained suggests that resistivities below 6 microohms cannot be achieved through a further reduction in defect level unless the amount of bromine is increased.
Gaier, James R.↗
Space environmental effects on graphite-epoxy compressive properties and epoxy tensile properties
This study characterizes the effects of electron radiation and temperature on a graphite-epoxy composite material. Compressive properties of the T300/934 material system were obtained at -250 F (-157 C), room temperature, and 250 F (121 C). Tensile specimens of the Fiberite 934 epoxy resin were fabricated and tested at room temperature and 250 F (121 C). Testing was conducted in the baseline (nonirradiated) and irradiated conditions. The radiation exposure was designed to simulate 30 year, worst-case exposure in geosynchronous Earth orbit. Mechanical properties tended to degrade at elevated temperature and improve at cryogenic temperature. Irradiation generally degraded properties at all temperatures.
Fox, Derek J.↗
Modeling and Testing of the Viscoelastic Properties of a Graphite Nanoplatelet/Epoxy Composite
In order to facilitate the interpretation of experimental data, a micromechanical modeling procedure is developed to predict the viscoelastic properties of a graphite nanoplatelet/epoxy composite as a function of volume fraction and nanoplatelet diameter. The predicted storage and loss moduli for the composite are compared to measured values from the same material using three test methods; Dynamical Mechanical Analysis, nanoindentation, and quasi-static tensile tests. In most cases, the model and experiments indicate that for increasing volume fractions of nanoplatelets, both the storage and loss moduli increase. Also, the results indicate that for nanoplatelet sizes above 15 microns, nanoindentation is capable of measuring properties of individual constituents of a composite system. Comparison of the predicted values to the measured data helps illustrate the relative similarities and differences between the bulk and local measurement techniques.
Odegard, Gregory M.↗
Structure–property relations in graphitic pebbles for nuclear applications
This work presents an analytical approach for holistically characterizing graphitic matrix pebbles for nuclear applications whereby the macrostructure, microstructure, and thermophysical properties of pebbles are determined. A systematic sectioning method was applied to several pebbles to describe the regional properties of the samples. Intact matrix-only spheres and sections of spheres fabricated by Kairos Power were characterized via optical imaging, x-ray computed tomography, x-ray diffraction, and ellipsometry to determine 2D and 3D macrostructure and anisotropy. The thermophysical properties of these materials were determined via measurements of density, specific heat, thermal expansion, and thermal diffusivity. The results of this study indicate that the pebble fabrication methods and their resultant effect on microstructure have a nontrivial effect on thermophysical properties, confirming the importance of robust characterization of these components. A discussion of the characterization approach and its applicability to nuclear fuel development activities is also included.
42 ENGINEERING↗