Angular correlation of gamma rays in the decay of rb super 84.
Spin and parity of 1901 kev gamma ray cascade by measuring angular correlation following beta decay of rubidium isotope
RUBIDIUM↗
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Cosmic gamma-radiation from pion decay - Comments on a paper by Cavallo and Gould
Cosmic gamma radiation from pion decay in interstellar gas
Stecker, F. W.↗
A Correlation Between the Intrinsic Brightness and Average Decay Rate of Gamma-Ray Burst X-Ray Afterglow Light Curves
We present a correlation between the average temporal decay (alpha X,avg, greater than 200 s) and early-time luminosity (LX,200 s) of X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts as observed by the Swift X-ray Telescope. Both quantities are measured relative to a rest-frame time of 200 s after the gamma-ray trigger. The luminosity â€" average decay correlation does not depend on specific temporal behavior and contains one scale-independent quantity minimizing the role of selection effects. This is a complementary correlation to that discovered by Oates et al. in the optical light curves observed by the Swift Ultraviolet Optical Telescope. The correlation indicates that, on average, more luminous X-ray afterglows decay faster than less luminous ones, indicating some relative mechanism for energy dissipation. The X-ray and optical correlations are entirely consistent once corrections are applied and contamination is removed. We explore the possible biases introduced by different light-curve morphologies and observational selection effects, and how either geometrical effects or intrinsic properties of the central engine and jet could explain the observed correlation.
gamma-ray burst: general X-rays: burst↗
The effects of the decay of nucleon isobars and hyperons on the cosmic gamma-ray spectrum.
Nucleon isobars and hyperons carrying off interstellar and intergalactic proton-proton collision energy, discussing high energy gamma ray decay product
Fazio, G. G.↗
Neutrinos and Gamma Rays from Beta Decays in an Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 1068 Jet
We show that TeV neutrinos and high-energy gamma rays detected from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068 can simultaneously be explained in a model based on the beta decays of neutrons produced in the photodisintegration of 4 He nuclei on ultraviolet photons in the jet. The photodisintegration of nuclei occurs at energies above several PeV, which explains the 1–100 TeV energies of the observed neutrinos. The TeV gamma-ray flux accompanying the beta decays is expected to be much lower than the neutrino flux, which agrees with the observations of NGC 1068 showing a gamma-ray deficit as compared to the expectations from proton-photon interactions. Furthermore, the synchrotron and inverse Compton gamma-ray flux associated with protons’ Bethe-Heitler pair production and the photopion processes in the jet can be consistent with the observed gamma-ray flux at GeV energies for a plausible range of magnetic fields of jets. This scenario, combining beta decay and Bethe-Heitler, can be applied to other jet Seyfert galaxies such as NGC 4151. Future measurements of the neutrino flavor ratio can help confirm the beta-decay origin of the observed neutrinos.
astronomy↗
Inclusive gamma-ray spectra from psi/3095/ and psi-prime/3684/ decays
Inclusive gamma-ray experiments were carried out in a e(+)e(-) colliding-beam apparatus with NaI(Tl) arrays as detectors. The inclusive gamma-ray spectra, after cosmic-ray background subtraction, are shown as histograms for the decays of the psi(3095) and psi-prime(3684). The psi spectrum has no significant narrow structure, while the psi-prime spectrum shows at least four peaks. Three major radiative decays of the psi-prime(3684) are found, and their respective branching fractions are computed.
Biddick, C. J.↗
Radiation hard gallium oxide scintillators for high count rate radiation detection
Despite decades of materials research, the availability of appropriate crystalline radiation-hard scintillators with ultrafast decay times (~10ns) and high light yields (>2000 ph/MeV) are still limited. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of gallium oxide (β-Ga 2 O 3 ) based scintillators for high count rate applications. The low-cost rugged β-Ga 2 O 3 scintillators were grown using the optical float zone (FZ) technique. Several dopants and growth atmospheres were used to demonstrate the balance between ultrafast primary decay time and the light yield of the scintillators. Light yields as high as 6446 ± 716 ph/MeV were obtained with 18.3 ns decay time for 662 keV gamma rays. Decay times as fast as 12ns were obtained with a 3212 ± 357 ph/MeV light yield. An excellent 662 keV gamma energy resolution of 7% was obtained using the β-Ga 2 O 3 :Ce crystals. Even with these excellent scintillation properties, the gamma radiation hardness of β-Ga 2 O 3 crystals was better than the leading radiation-hard lead tungstate (PbWO 4 ) crystals. Twenty-six scintillators fabricated from the grown β-Ga 2 O 3 crystals were tested for radiation hardness with a 60 Co gamma irradiation rate of 14 krad/h with a total radiation dose of 2 Mrad. The scintillation properties of these crystals remained unaffected. To date, no other scintillator has demonstrated such high radiation resistance. Furthermore, these FZ-grown low-cost, non-hygroscopic, and high-density β-Ga 2 O 3 scintillators can replace the existing scintillators in many applications ranging from nuclear and high energy physics experiments to nuclear security.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Search for monenergetic gamma rays from psi /3684/ decay
Results are reported of a search for monoenergetic gamma rays with energies above 50 MeV arising from psi (3684) decay. The measurements were made by operating an electron-positron storage ring at a center-of-mass energy of 3684 MeV and detecting the secondary gamma rays with large-crystal NaI(T1) spectrometers. No significant evidence is found for the emission of such radiation, and upper limits are placed on such emissions for energies above 50 MeV.
Simpson, J. W.↗
Gamma rays from pion decay - Evidence for long-term trapping of particles in solar flares
The energy spectrum and time dependence of the 50 MeV to 2 GeV gamma rays observed from the 1991 June 11 solar flare are analyzed. It is shown that the emission detected at the late phase of this flare with EGRET on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory can be explained by a model in which the bulk of the particles were accelerated during the impulsive phase and subsequently trapped in coronal magnetic loops. The observed spectrum was fit with a combination of pion decay radiation and primary electron bremsstrahlung. The 1991 June 11 data are compared with data for the 1982 June 3 and 1991 June 15 flares from which pion decay emission was also observed. The fact that the fluxes from these three flares are ordered in time in accordance with the predicted time dependence of emission produced by trapped particles provides support for the model.
Mandzhavidze, Natalie↗
High-energy gamma-ray emission from pion decay in a solar flare magnetic loop
The production of high-energy gamma rays resulting from pion decay in a solar flare magnetic loop is investigated. Magnetic mirroring, MHD pitch-angle scattering, and all of the relevant loss processes and photon production mechanisms are taken into account. The transport of both the primary ions and the secondary positrons resulting from the decay of the positive pions, as well as the transport of the produced gamma-ray emission are considered. The distributions of the gamma rays as a function of atmospheric depth, time, emission angle, and photon energy are calculated and the dependence of these distributions on the model parameters are studied. The obtained angular distributions are not sufficiently anisotropic to account for the observed limb brightening of the greater than 10 MeV flare emission, indicating that the bulk of this emission is bremsstrahlung from primary electrons.
Mandzhavidze, Natalie↗
Mathematical Investigation of Gamma Ray and Neutron Absorption Grid Patterns for Homeland Defense Related Fourier Imaging Systems
Terrorist suitcase nuclear devices typically using converted Soviet tactical nuclear warheads contain several kilograms of plutonium. This quantity of plutonium emits a significant number of gamma rays and neutrons as it undergoes radioactive decay. These gamma rays and neutrons normally penetrate ordinary matter to a significant distance. Unfortunately this penetrating quality of the radiation makes imaging with classical optics impractical. However, this radiation signature emitted by the nuclear source may be sufficient to be imaged from low-flying aerial platforms carrying Fourier imaging systems. The Fourier imaging system uses a pair of co-aligned absorption grids to measure a selected range of spatial frequencies from an object. These grids typically measure the spatial frequency in only one direction at a time. A grid pair that looks in all directions simultaneously would be an improvement over existing technology. A number of grid pairs governed by various parameters were investigated to solve this problem. By examining numerous configurations, it became apparent that an appropriate spiral pattern could be made to work. A set of equations was found to describe a grid pattern that produces straight fringes. Straight fringes represent a Fourier transform of a point source at infinity. An inverse Fourier transform of this fringe pattern would provide an accurate image (location and intensity) of a point source.
Boccio, Dona↗
Evidence of the Exponential Decay Emission in the Swift Gamma-ray Bursts
We present a systematic study of the steep decay emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed by the Swift X-Ray Telescope (XRT). In contrast to the analysis in recent literature, instead of extrapolating the data of Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) down into the XRT energy range, we extrapolated the XRT data up to the BAT energy range, 15-25 keV, to produce the BAT and XRT composite light curve. Based on our composite light curve fitting, we have confirmed the existence of an exponential decay component which smoothly connects the BAT prompt data to the XRT steep decay for several GRBs. We also find that the XRT steep decay for some of the bursts can be well fitted by a combination of a power-law with an exponential decay model. We discuss that this exponential component may be the emission from an external shock and a sign of the deceleration of the outflow during the prompt phase.
Sakamoto, T.↗
Gravitino decay and the cosmic gamma-ray background
It is argued that the cosmic gamma-ray background (CGB) spectrum does not exhibit evidence for the decay of light gravitinos, in contradiction to the suggestion by Olive and Silk (1985), who observed a bump near 1 MeV in the CGB radiation spectrum. It is suggested that better fits to the CGB spectrum would be provided by mechanisms generating a power-law spectrum which is flattened below about 2 MeV. Olive and Silk maintain that the decays of a long-lived particle such as the gravitino may be responsible for features in the gamma-ray spectrum near 1 MeV.
Stecker, F. W.↗
Gamma-ray bursts and neutron star field decay
Assuming a Galactic origin of gamma-ray bursts, we use pulsar data to calculate the spatial distribution of neutron stars and determine the sampling depths of current detectors. Based on these distance limits, we calculate the corresponding age distribution of Galactic neutron stars and apply an exponential field decay model to test whether the observed high incidence rate of cyclotron lines is consistent with suggested field decay time scales of order 10 exp 7 years. We find that the properties of the observed population of gamma-ray bursts are inconsistent with the idea that bursts originate at arbitrary times on neutron stars whose fields decay on time scales shorter than about 10 exp 9 years. Possible interpretations of this inconsistency are discussed.
Hartmann, Dieter↗
The gamma-ray light curves of SN 1987A
Observations of the SN 1987A ejecta in four Co-56-decay gamma-ray lines, obtained using the SMM gamma-ray spectrometer between February 1987 and May 1989, are reported and analyzed. The instrument characteristics and data-reduction procedures are described, and the results are presented in extensive tables and graphs and discussed with reference to theoretical models. Gamma-ray fluxes significantly above possible instrumental levels (as determined from analysis of pre-1987 data) were detected in the second half of 1987 and the first half of 1988. The data are found to favor a model with some Co-56 in regions of low gamma-ray optical depth by 200 d after the SN outburst over models with all Co-56 at one depth within a uniform expanding envelope. Also investigated are the gamma-ray contribution to the total bolometric luminosity and the escape (and potential observability) of Co-57 gamma rays.
Leising, Mark D.↗
A search for gamma-ray lines from the decay of Fe-59 in Supernova 1987A
We have searched spectra of Supernova (SN) 1987A, accumulated during several 35-day intervals after the explosion by the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS), for gamma-ray lines at 1.099 and 1.292 MeV from the decay of Fe-59 which may have been produced in the progenitor's helium shell. We find no evidence for these lines, down to 3-sigma upper limits approximately = 7 x 10(exp -4) gamma/sq cm/s for the 1.099 MeV line, or approximately = 4.5 x 10(exp -4) gamma/sq cm/s for the 1.292 MeV line, in any 35-day interval. We derive a conservative 3-sigma upper limit on the mass fraction of Fe-59 in the helium shell of 2.9 x 10(exp -3).
Harris, M. J.↗
Cyclotron lines in gamma-ray bursts and magnetic field decay
The presence of cyclotron lines in a significant fraction of gamma-ray burst spectra suggests a source association with strongly magnetized neutron stars. The burster distance scale is not known, but it is constrained by their angular- and brightness distribution. Using pulsar data, the corresponding age distribution of Galactic neutron stars are calculated and an exponential field decay model is applied to test whether the observed incidence rate of cyclotron lines is consistent with decay time scales derived for radio pulsars. It is found that the statistical properties of gamma-ray bursts are inconsistent with the idea of events originating at arbitrary times on neutron stars whose fields decay on time scales shorter than about 10 yrs. Possible interpretations of this inconsistency with radio pulsar field decay models are discussed.
Hartmann, Dieter H.↗
Enhanced sensitivity to trace 238 U impurity of sapphire via coincidence neutron activation analysis
Sapphire has mechanical and electrical properties that are advantageous for the construction of internal components of radiation detectors such as time projection chambers and bolometers. However, it has proved difficult to assess its 232 Th and 238 U content down to the picogram per gram level. Here, this work reports an experimental verification of a computational study that demonstrates 𝛾𝛾 coincidence counting, coupled with neutron activation analysis (NAA), can reach ppt sensitivities. Combining results from 𝛾𝛾 coincidence counting with those of earlier single-𝛾 counting based NAA shows that a sample of Saint Gobain sapphire has 232 Th and 238 U concentrations of <0.26 ppt and <2.3 ppt, respectively; the best constraints on the radiopurity of sapphire.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗