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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Study of ponderomotive instability in the FRIB beta=0.53 half-wave resonator

Superconducting radio-frequency niobium cavities are susceptible to deformations caused by external or internal forces, leading to shifts in the cavity resonant frequency. One source of deformation comes from the radiation pressure of the cavity fields, producing the so-called Lorentz force detuning effect. This effect can couple to the cavity mechanical modes in generator driven mode, leading to ponderomotive instability. In the FRIB 322 MHz, β=0.53 Half-wave Resonators (HWR), the instability appeared when the cavity was detuned, with thresholds depending on low-level RF control parameters, such as closed loop gain, as well as accelerating gradient. Using a measured Lorentz Transfer Function, Simulink simulations were conducted to predict the instability thresholds, which were then compared with the experimental results. We will discuss how these thresholds can be broadened to enable stable operation at higher gradients.

Accelerator Physics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Development of Solid Isotope Harvesting Methods in Preparation for FRIB (Final Report)

In a collaborative effort between Hunter College (HC), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and Michigan State University (MSU), we aimed to investigate the recovery of 88 Zr produced as the secondary beam at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) from solid collectors via solid isotope harvesting. We developed separation schemes to isolate Zr from sub-gram-scale collectors composed of various materials including carbon, aluminum, copper, tungsten, and gold. The solid harvesting endstation was constructed and then used as part of a dedicated beamtime at the NSCL using 88 Zr beam. After irradiation, the 88 Zr was radiochemically separated from each of the collector materials and the recovery efficiencies from each was assessed. The results of this work provide a path forward for harvesting hydrolysable metals at FRIB as a complementary approach to aqueous isotope harvesting.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) (Final Technical Report)

This is the final technical report for cooperative agreement DE-SC0000661, between the Department of Energy Office of Science and Michigan State University, for the design and establishment of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, its transition to operations and early operations, and the effort to plan and design the High Rigidity Spectrometer.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

The cyclotron gas stopper at FRIB getting ready for operations

Linear gas stopping cells have been used for nearly two decades to slow down projectile fragments at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, now the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, for experiments with low-energy and reaccelerated beams. In order to efficiently stop and rapidly extract light to medium-mass fast ions, a cyclotron gas-stopper has been constructed. It uses a cyclotron-type magnet and a helium-gas filled stopping chamber to slow down the injected beam. RF ion guides transport the stopped ions to the center of the magnet and axially through the bore before acceleration to <60 keV. Following successful offline tests, the cyclotron stopper was moved to an experimental vault and connected to a new momentum–compression beam line. Beam transport to and into the cyclotron stopper was tested with stable beams. Finally, using 46 K fragments, the first successful stopping and extraction of a high-energy beam with the cyclotron stopper was demonstrated.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

Opportunities for isomer studies for astrophysics at FRIB

The role of nuclear isomers in astrophysical nucleosynthesis is gaining increased attention, as reactions on ground and isomeric states are both potentially important for determining the reaction rates and flow within the reaction network. A particular case is the odd-odd N=Z nuclides in the sd -shell, which play an important role in breakout from the CNO cycle in nova nucleosynthesis, affecting reaction flow, the nucleosynthesis end-point, and final abundances, impacting potential astronomical observables. Because many of these nuclides have low-lying isomers, it is important to constrain reactions on both ground and isomeric states. Developments in radioactive-beam facilities are opening such opportunities, via direct and indirect techniques. The first measurement using a new technique for manipulating ground/isomer content in reaccelerated beams without affecting ion optics, has been employed to study 38 K, which will be applicable to measurements on 34 Cl and others at the nascent Facility for Rare Isotope Beams.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Developments Towards FRIB Upgrade to 400 MeV/u for Heaviest Uranium Ions

High-Q₀ medium-velocity (beta opt = 0.6) 5-cell elliptical cavities for superconducting linacs are critical technology for advancing current and future projects such as the Proton Improvement Plan II linac and the proposed energy upgrade of Michigan State University’s Facility For Rare Isotope Beams linac, FRIB400. Previous work established the validity of the novel geometry of the FRIB400 prototype 644 MHz 5-cell elliptical β = 0.65 cavities for future high Q₀ development. In collaboration with FNAL, two leading-edge high-Q₀ recipes, N-doping and Mid-T baking, were tested in the 5-cell format. 2/0 N-doping + cold electropolishing was successful at achieving FRIB400 and PIP-II Q₀ requirements, achieving an unprecedented 3.8 x 10¹⁰ at 17.5 MV/m, satisfying the FRIB400 Q₀ requirements by 1.75 times in a low-gauss environment. Mid-T baking exceeded FRIB400 Q₀ requirements by 1.4 times, and benefitted from decreased residual resistance compared to the N-doped cavity test. Systematic ultrasonic thickness measurements in single-cell revealed bulk (150 microns) EP with the modified EP tool is consistent across the inner surfaces of the cavity walls.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Development of Solid Isotope Harvesting Methods in Preparation for FRIB (Closeout Report)

This project developed the techniques necessary to isolate hydrolysable radiometals from irradiated accelerator components. It was a collaborative project headed by Dr. Jennifer Shusterman at Hunter College in coordination with Dr. Nick Scielzo at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Dr. Gregory Severin at Michigan State University. To develop the methods for harvesting hydrolysable radiometals, both non-radioactive and radioactive experiments were conducted. Non-radioactive tests involved dissolving common accelerator materials (tungsten, copper, aluminum, and gold), adding trace amounts of Zr 4+ and Y 3+ , and then separating the added ions out again using a variety of column-based approaches. These methods were then tested on surrogate materials that were created by irradiating tungsten, copper, aluminum and gold foils with a low-purity 88 Zr beam at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. The implanted 88 Zr (and co-implanted and daughter-product 88 Y) were recovered, validating the developed methods. MSU’s role in the project was to develop the chemistry for recovering Zr and Y from tungsten; build the target station for irradiating the foils; conduct the irradiations with the collaborators; to validate the tungsten methodology using the irradiated foils; and to disseminate the results.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Gas Stopper Developments for Improved Purity and Intensity of Low-Energy, Rare Isotope Ion Beams (Final Technical Report)

This final technical report summarizes the work of the Michigan State University (MSU) team supported by grant # DE-SC0021423 awarded by the Office of Nuclear Physics, Department of Energy. Objectives: The successful fulfillment of the FRIB science mission hinges on ensuring the availability of fast, stopped, and reaccelerated beams consisting of rare isotopes. This project's research and development focus was dedicated to supporting the advancement and creation of a cutting-edge linear gas stopper. The primary aim is to efficiently convert the high-intensity fast beams of rare isotopes provided by FRIB into high-quality, low-energy beams. These beams are essential for conducting stopped beam experiments or for subsequent reacceleration. The overarching goal is to advance technology, aiming to increase the beam rate capability of the linear gas stopper for medium-to-heavy-mass rare isotopes by more than tenfold compared to the currently most effective gas stopper in operation, and to improve the purity of the delivered beams. Project Description: The existing technology employed in gas stopping devices designed for low-energy, rare-isotope beams presents limitations in both the purity of extracted beams and the intensities of injected beams. These limitations are incompatible with the requirements of the recently commissioned rare isotope beam facility, FRIB. Our research and development efforts, aligned with the previously outlined objectives, focused on addressing the most critical aspects for enhancing beam-rate capability and purity. Specifically, advanced particle-in-cell simulations were developed and integrated into a simulation pipeline to explore the efficacy of multi-layer RF carpets on increasing ion transport efficiency with high incoming beam rates that generate space charge fields which can limit it. We also explored the possibility of using a collision-induced-dissociation (CID) gas cell to break up molecular contaminant ions that are generated during the stopping process. A prototype CID gas cell was constructed and tested with beams from an offline ion source, validating the concept with the successful demonstration of breaking of molecular ions. The outcome of this research enabled the formulation a conceptual design for a next-generation linear gas stopping device specifically tailored for FRIB. This device is envisioned to deliver rare-isotope-ion beams at a rate of 10 8 particles per second or higher, accompanied by advancements in purity. Methods employed: This project leverages advancements in technologies initially designed for the Advanced Cryogenic Gas Stopper (ACGS), the current state-of-the-art linear gas stopper, through the use of new simulations and beam purification via collision-induced-dissociation. The methods include: 1. Development of a prototype low-energy, low-pressure CID gas stopper. This prototype features a thin, approximately 20 nm, Si 3 N 4 entrance window designed for dissociating stable and rare-isotope molecular ions. The goal is to enhance beam purification and overall efficiency. 2. Creation of Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to assess the advantages of multi-layer RF carpets and multi-point extraction for ion transport efficiency. These simulations rely on the 3DCylPIC package, specifically designed for studying devices of this nature. The goal is to quantify and mitigate ion transport losses due to space charge generated in the stopping process of large numbers of ions. 3. Perform ion transport simulations across an RF carpet using an 8-phase travelling wave and evaluate its performance. Compared to the 4-phase RF carpets used in ACGS, the 8-phase carpets will double the wavelength of the generated traveling wave allowing for larger maximum RF amplitudes that could result in improved ion transport efficiency for high-intensity incoming beams when large space charge fields are present. Impact: Tackling the primary challenges associated with transforming high-energy projectile fragment beams into low-energy beams—specifically, addressing efficiency and purity—holds significant promise for advancing FRIB science. This advancement will particularly impact precision mass measurements, laser spectroscopy of short-lived nuclei, and studies in astrophysics and nuclear reactions using reaccelerated beams. These domains play a crucial role in addressing key questions outlined in the 2023 NSAC long-range plan, spanning nuclear structure, nuclear astrophysics, and fundamental symmetries. Additionally, they contribute to addressing 10 out of the 17 benchmarks identified by the NRC RISAC. The development of a next-generation gas stopping device capable of delivering low-energy, rare-isotope beams at a rate of 10 8 particles per second, or more, with high purity holds the potential to unlock experiments that would otherwise be unfeasible. Furthermore, it is expected to reduce the time required for experiments at FRIB, thereby maximizing scientific output. The research and development activities performed as part of this project bolstered essential competencies at FRIB in beam physics and ion source technologies, provided valuable training opportunities for junior scientists.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Accelerator commissioning and rare isotope identification at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams

In 2008, Michigan State University was selected to establish the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). Construction of the FRIB accelerator was completed in January 2022. Phased accelerator commissioning with heavy ion beams started in 2017 with the normal-conducting ion source and radio-frequency quadrupole. In April 2021, the full FRIB driver linear accelerator (linac) was commissioned, with heavy ion beams accelerated to energies above 200 MeV/nucleon by 324 superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) resonators operating at 2 K and 4 K with liquid-helium cooling. Further, in preparation for high-power operation, a liquid lithium charge stripper was commissioned with heavy ion beams up to uranium-238, followed by the simultaneous acceleration of multiple-charge-state heavy ion beams to energies above 200 MeV/nucleon. In December 2021, selenium-84 was produced with the FRIB target using a krypton-86 primary beam, demonstrating FRIB’s capability for scientific discovery.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Twentieth Exotic Beam Summer School (EBSS2023)

The study of unstable nuclei with unusual ratios of protons to neutrons is one of the frontiers of science. Investigating these rare isotopes is critical for understanding the synthesis of the chemical elements in stellar explosions as well as the fundamental nature of the nuclear forces that bind atomic nuclei together. Scientific progress in this field is driven by the development of exotic beams in present and next-generation rare-isotope beam facilities including the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). Nuclear physics is a broad discipline, influencing our knowledge on subjects as diverse as weakly-bound nuclei, many-body quantum theory, the super heavy elements, and the inner structure of neutron stars. Applications based on nuclear science and technologies include medical diagnostics and therapies, materials science, and national security. The major goal achieved in this project was to hold Exotic Beam Summer School 2023 (EBSS2023), the twentieth installment of EBSS series, July 9-15, 2023 at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams on the campus of Michigan State University to educate and train the next generation of scientists that will drive research with rare-isotope beams. FRIB became operational in 2022 and is now providing beams of exotic nuclei that will ramp up to unmatched intensities, exceeding what is available today by orders of magnitude. Beams available at FRIB are facilitating a wide variety of studies in nuclear structure, astrophysics, fundamental symmetries and societal applications. There is a large community of scientists interested in working with rare isotope beams; for example, the FRIB User Organization currently has over 1,700 members. In order to maximize the scientific output of FRIB, there must be a workforce continuously trained in both the physics of exotic beams and in the practical techniques of carrying out an experiment. This summer school series is designed to specifically address this need - to ensure that new generations of scientists from a broad range of institutions and backgrounds is trained, motivated, and equipped to push the field forward to new and important breakthroughs.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Monte Carlo simulation analysis for radiation damage on Glidcop Al-15 caused by 17-20 MeV/u heavy ions

The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) SRF linear heavy-ion accelerator is designed to accelerate all ions up to uranium to a maximum beam power of 400 kW. Several beam intercepting devices (BIDs) are essential to the successful operation of the accelerator, including a low power charge selector (LPCS) made of copper containing 0.15% precipitated aluminum oxide by weight called Glidcop Al-15. As FRIB ramps up the primary beam power beyond the current 20 kW level, the charge selector must withstand higher radiation damage rates, typically measured in displacements per atom (dpa). Significant beam induced radiation damage including significant deformation, like swelling, blistering, and cracking has been observed on a recently removed LPCS. We also observed physical features up to about 5.5 mm wide and appear to be deeper than the projected range of any ions. This paper presents the results of Monte Carlo simulations carried out using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS), quantifying the total damage dose and ion concentration, etc. Simulating an accurate irradiation history is essential to determining the scope of post irradiation examination (PIE) work.

Fletcher, Ethan [Michigan State U.]↗
DOE OSTI2026

Laser Spectroscopy of Exotic Atoms and Molecules Containing Octupole-Deformed Nuclei

This project investigated the nuclear, atomic, and molecular structure of exotic atoms and molecules containing actinide isotopes. These short-lived radioactive systems are challenging to produce and study in the laboratory, yet they offer unique opportunities for fundamental science. These nuclei are predicted to exhibit pear-shaped (octupole) deformation, a rare collective nuclear behavior that dramatically enhances their sensitivity to fundamental physics phenomena such as time-reversal- and parity-violating effects. Such enhancements make them ideal probes for exploring open questions in our understanding of the universe such as the origin of the matter–antimatter asymmetry of the universe. To realize these measurements, the project led the development of a new laser spectroscopy experiment at MIT, and later commissioned at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University: the Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy Experiment (RISE). RISE combines the spectroscopic precision of collinear laser spectroscopy with the sensitivity of particle-detection techniques, enabling measurements of rare isotopes produced at rates as low as a few ions per second. The beamline was designed, built, and installed, and was successfully commissioned at FRIB during the grant period. RISE is now a permanent capability of the FRIB facility, and has produced several results on the study of rare atoms and molecules for nuclear structure and fundamental symmetries. In parallel with the FRIB program, the project contributed to the first precision laser-spectroscopy measurements of short-lived radioactive molecules. Working with international collaborators at CERN's ISOLDE facility, the team conducted pioneering experiments on radium monofluoride (RaF) and actinium monofluoride (AcF). The results from this work have been published in major journals of science, including Nature, Science, Nature Physics, Nature Communications, and Physical Review Letters. These findings have guided future experiments on the laser cooling of radioactive molecules, opening a new platform for precision tests of fundamental symmetries.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2023

Perspectives on Few-Body Cluster Structures in Exotic Nuclei

It is a fascinating phenomenon in nuclear physics that states with a pronounced few-body structure can emerge from the complex dynamics of many nucleons. Such halo or cluster states often appear near the boundaries of nuclear stability. As such, they are an important part of the experimental program beginning at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). A concerted effort of theory and experiment is necessary both to analyze experiments involving effective few-body states, as well as to constrain and refine theories of the nuclear force in light of new data from these experiments. Here, as a contribution to exactly this effort, this paper compiles a collection of “perspectives” that emerged out of the Topical Program “Few-body cluster structures in exotic nuclei and their role in FRIB experiments” that was held at FRIB in August 2022 and brought together theorists and experimentalists working on this topic.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Particle-in-cell techniques for the study of space charge effects in the Advanced Cryogenic Gas Stopper

The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, FRIB, will significantly increase the rates and varieties of rare isotopes compared to those presently available at existing rare-isotope facilities. The production of stopped beams via the current generation of linear gas stopping devices available is not well matched to the beam intensities that will be available at FRIB. Many experiments that make use of reaccelerated beams, from the ReA facility, greatly benefit from having the highest-intensity, rare-isotope beams possible. Some experiments would also benefit greatly from stopped beams with improved purity. In this paper, the intensity bottlenecks of FRIB’s newest linear gas stopper are studied via experiment and simulation in support of a future detailed conceptual design of a next-generation linear gas stopper that can provide rare-isotope beams with rates of 10^8 pps, a factor of 50 higher than the current state-of-the-art system, with improved beam purity.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Heavy ion beam physics at Facility for Rare Isotope Beams

The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) will be the world's premier rare-isotope beam facility. Experiments with the majority (~80%) of the isotope predicted to exist will become available. The FRIB facility is based on a superconducting (SC) heavy ion linac with output energy above 200 MeV/u for any ions at beam power of 400 kW. FRIB includes a target facility for in-flight production of rare isotopes. A three-stage fragment separator will be used to prepare fast rare isotope beams with high-purity for nuclear physics experiments. The installation work of the accelerator and experimental systems is approaching completion and multi-stage beam commissioning activities started in summer 2017 with expected project completion in early 2022. In conclusion, the commencement of operation for users' experiments is planned immediately following the project completion.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy Experiment at Facility for Rare Isotope Beams

This manuscript reports on the commissioning of the Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy Experiment (RISE) at the BEam COoler and LAser spectroscopy (BECOLA) facility at Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). The instrument implements the collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy technique for sensitive measurements of isotope shifts and hyperfine structure of short-lived isotopes produced at FRIB. The existing BECOLA beamline was extended to integrate an electrostatic ion-beam bender and an ion detector at ultrahigh vacuum. An injection-seeded titanium-sapphire laser and a multiharmonic pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser were installed to perform resonant excitation and selective ionization. Commissioning tests were performed to demonstrate the capabilities of the instrument by measuring the hyperfine structure of stable 27 Al produced in an offline ion source. The RISE instrument is ready and operational for future studies of short-lived isotopes at FRIB.

Atomic spectra↗