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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Measurement of shock roughness due to phase plate speckle imprinting relevant for x-ray diffraction experiments on 3rd and 4th generation light sources

Laser-shock compression experiments at 3rd and 4th generation light sources generally employ phase plates, which are inserted into the beamline to achieve a repeatable intensity distribution at the focal plane. Here, the laser intensity profile is characterized by a high-contrast, high-frequency laser speckle. Without sufficient smoothing, these laser non-uniformities can translate to a significant pressure distribution within the sample layer and can affect data interpretation in x-ray diffraction experiments. Here, we use a combination of one- and two-dimensional velocity interferometry to directly measure the extent to which spatial frequencies within the laser focal spot intensity pattern are smoothed out during propagation within the laser plasma and a polyimide ablator. We find that the use of thicker polyimide layers results in spatially smoother shock fronts, with the greatest degree of smoothing associated with the highest spatial frequencies. Focal spots with the smallest initial speckle separation produce the most rapid smoothing. Laser systems that employ smoothing by spectral dispersion techniques to rapidly modulate the focal plane intensity distribution are shown to be the most effective ones in producing a spatially smooth shock front. We show that a simple transport model combined with the known polyimide Hugoniot adequately describes the extent of shock smoothness as a function of polyimide thickness. Finally, our results provide a description of spatial structure smoothing across a shock front, which can be used to design targets on x-ray free electron laser facilities.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2024

Exploring the Frontiers of Energy Efficiency using Power Management at System Scale

In the face of surging power demands for exascale HPC systems, this work tackles the critical challenge of understanding the impact of software-driven power management techniques like Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and Power Capping. These techniques have been actively developed over the past few decades. By combining insights from GPU benchmarking to understand application power profiles, we present a telemetry data-driven approach for deriving energy savings projections. This approach has been demonstrably applied to the Frontier supercomputer at scale. Our findings based on three months of telemetry data indicate that, for certain resource-constrained jobs, significant energy savings (up to 8.5%) can be achieved without compromising performance. This translates to a substantial cost reduction, equivalent to 1438 MWh of energy saved. The key contribution of this work lies in the methodology for establishing an upper limit for these best-case scenarios and its successful application. This work enables HPC professionals to optimize the power-performance trade-off within constrained power budgets, not only for the exascale era but also beyond.

Karimi, Ahmad Maroof↗
DOE OSTI2021

Tunable Cr 4+ Molecular Color Centers

The inherent atomistic precision of synthetic chemistry enables bottom-up structural control over quantum bits, or qubits, for quantum technologies. Tuning paramagnetic molecular qubits that feature optical-spin initialization and readout is a crucial step toward designing bespoke qubits for applications in quantum sensing, networking, and computing. In this work, we demonstrate that the electronic structure that enables optical-spin initialization and readout for S = 1, Cr(aryl) 4 , where aryl = 2,4-dimethylphenyl (1), o-tolyl (2), and 2,3-dimethylphenyl (3), is readily translated into Cr(alkyl) 4 compounds, where alkyl = 2,2,2-triphenylethyl (4), (trimethylsilyl)methyl (5), and cyclohexyl (6). The small ground state zero field splitting values (<5 GHz) for 1–6 allowed for coherent spin manipulation at X-band microwave frequency, enabling temperature-, concentration-, and orientation-dependent investigations of the spin dynamics. Electronic absorption and emission spectroscopy confirmed the desired electronic structures for 4–6, which exhibit photoluminescence from 897 to 923 nm, while theoretical calculations elucidated the varied bonding interactions of the aryl and alkyl Cr 4+ compounds. The combined experimental and theoretical comparison of Cr(aryl) 4 and Cr(alkyl) 4 systems illustrates the impact of the ligand field on both the ground state spin structure and excited state manifold, laying the groundwork for the design of structurally precise optically addressable molecular qubits.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Liquid crystal defect structures with Möbius strip topology

Topological solitons commonly appear as energy-minimizing field configurations, but examples of stable, spatially localized objects with coexisting solitonic structures and singular defects are rare. Here we use a nonpolar chiral liquid crystal system to show how twist domain walls can co-self-assemble with vortices to form spatially localized topological objects with spontaneous folding. These soliton–vortex assemblies, which we call ‘möbiusons’, have a topology of the molecular alignment field resembling that of the Möbius strip’s surface and package localized field excitations into folded structures within a confinement-frustrated uniform far-field background. Upon supplying energy in the form of electric pulses, möbiusons with different overall symmetries of structure exhibit folding-dependent rotational and translational motions, as well as topological cargo-carrying abilities that can be controlled by tuning the amplitude and frequency of the applied fields. We demonstrate on-demand transformations between various möbiusons and show examples of encoding information by manipulating folds in such structures. A model based on the energetics of solitons and vortices provides insights into the origins of the folding instability, whereas minimization of the Landau–de Gennes free energy closely reproduces details of their internal structure. Our findings may provide a route towards topology-enabled light-steering designs.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Modeling pre-Exascale AMR Parallel I/O Workloads via Proxy Applications

The present work investigates the modeling of preexascale input/output (I/O) workloads of Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) simulations through a simple proxy application. We collect data from the AMReX Castro framework running on the Summit supercomputer for a wide range of scales and mesh partitions for the hydrodynamic Sedov case as a baseline to provide sufficient coverage to the formulated proxy model. The non-linear analysis data production rates are quantified as a function of a set of input parameters such as output frequency, grid size, number of levels, and the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition number for each rank, mesh level and simulation time step. Linear regression is then applied to formulate a simple analytical model which allows to translate AMReX inputs into MACSio proxy I/O application parameters, resulting in a simple “kernel” approximation for data production at each time step. Results show that MACSio can simulate actual AMReX nonlinear “static” I/O workloads to a certain degree of confidence on the Summit supercomputer using the present methodology. The goal is to provide an initial level of understanding of AMR I/O workloads via lightweight proxy applications models to facilitate autotune data management strategies in anticipation of exascale systems.

Godoy, William↗
DOE OSTI2026

Modeling frequency instability in high-quality resonant experiments

Modern resonant sensing tools can achieve increasingly high quality factors, which correspond to extremely narrow linewidths. In such systems, time variation of the resonator’s natural frequency can potentially impact its ability to accumulate power and its resulting sensitivity. One such example is the Dark SRF experiment, which utilizes superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities with quality factors of Q ∼ 10 10 . Microscopic deformations of the cavity lead to stochastic jittering of its resonant frequency with amplitude 20 times its linewidth. Naively, one may expect this to lead to a large suppression in accumulated power. In this work, we study in detail the effects of frequency instability on high-quality resonant systems, utilizing the Dark SRF experiment as a case study. We show that the timescale of jittering is crucial to determining its effect on power accumulation. Namely, when the resonant frequency varies sufficiently quickly, the system accumulates power as if there were no jittering at all. This implies that the sensitivity of a jittering resonator is comparable to that of a stable resonator. In the case of Dark SRF, we find that jittering only induces a ∼ 10 % loss in power. Our results allow the dark-photon exclusion bound from Dark SRF’s pathfinder run to be refined, leading to a constraint that is an order of magnitude stronger than previously reported (corresponding to a signal-to-noise ratio that is four orders of magnitude larger). This result represents the world-leading constraint on dark photons over a wide range of masses below 6 μ eV and translates to the best laboratory-based limits on the photon mass m γ < 2.9 × 10 - 48 g .

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Translating macroecological models to predict microbial establishment probability in an agricultural inoculant introduction

The use of potentially beneficial microorganisms in agriculture (microbial inoculants) has rapidly accelerated in recent years. For microbial inoculants to be effective as agricultural tools, these organisms must be able to survive and persist in novel environments while not destabilizing the resident community or spilling over into adjacent natural ecosystems. Despite the importance of propagule pressure to species introductions, few tools exist in microbial ecology to predict the outcomes of agricultural microbial introductions. Here, we adapt a macroecological propagule pressure model to a microbial scale and present an experimental approach for testing the role of propagule pressure in microbial inoculant introductions. We experimentally determined the risk-release relationship for an IAA-expressing Pseudomonas simiae inoculant in a model monocot system. We then used this relationship to simulate establishment outcomes under a range of application frequencies (propagule number) and inoculant concentrations (propagule size). Our simulations show that repeated inoculant applications may increase establishment, even when increased inoculant concentration does not alter establishment probabilities. Applying ecological modeling approaches like those presented here to microbial inoculants may aid their sustainable use and provide a monitoring tool for microbial inoculants.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Revealing the loss mechanisms of a 3D superconducting microwave cavity for use in a dark matter search

Superconducting microwave cavities have found applications in many areas including quantum computing, particle accelerators, and dark matter searches. Their extremely high quality factors translate to very narrow bandwidth, which makes them key components of sensitive detectors. In this study, we aim to understand the loss mechanisms of an aluminium cavity, with a fundamental mode frequency of about 2.5123 GHz, and how they change as the cavity material transitions from the superconducting to normal state. We found that at temperatures not much lower than the transition temperature $T_c$, losses are dominated by quasiparticle excitations and are well described by the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer theory. The exponential decrease of the quasiparticle density below $T_c$ results in a 1000-fold increase of the quality factor, as well as a shift of the resonance frequency due to the change of the kinetic inductance of the superconductor. At very low temperatures, losses due to two-level systems begin to dominate giving a peak in the quality factor of about 2.76 x 10 7 at 130 mK. Understanding the loss mechanisms is invaluable, as the working temperature of the cavity may vary during operation regardless of its application.

Physics - Physics of elementary particles and fiel↗
DOE OSTI2022

Comparisons Between Array Derived Dynamic Strain Rate (ADDS) and Fiber‐Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Strain Rate

Abstract Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) strain rate and particle velocity can be compared through approximate scaling with medium velocity. We instead performed a direct comparison between array derived dynamic strain (ADDS) rate and DAS strain rate for six frequency bands. The PoroTomo project at Brady's Hot Springs, Nevada, deployed a 240‐geophone 3C array co‐located with fiber‐optic DAS system and 8.7 km of buried cable. We selected subsets of the geophone array to create four smaller arrays and computed ADDS. The horizontal components of the ADDS were rotated into the direction of the fiber‐optic cable and then compared with the observed DAS strain rates. From three example regional earthquakes of local magnitudes 2.9, 4.1, and 4.3, the ADDS are found to be coherent with DAS for frequencies ≤1 Hz. For frequencies >1‐Hz, this correlation decays quickly. Small differences between linear and areal dynamic strains at 1‐Hz suggest poor signal‐to‐noise or localized strain that is perturbed by shallow heterogeneities compare to the average strain propagating across the geophone array. The implication is that around 1‐Hz, straight fiber DAS is measuring axial strain along the fiber and can provide good approximations to translational particle motions. However, above 1‐Hz, DAS becomes more sensitive to shallow velocity gradients that can be beneficial for geophysical imaging yet becomes a limitation for traditional seismic analysis methods depending on absolute amplitude and phase from translational particle motions.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Dynamically Collected Local Density using Low-Cost Lidar and its Application to Traffic Models

This article demonstrates the use of traffic density observations collected dynamically in the vicinity of probe vehicles. Fixed position sensors cannot capture the longitudinal evolution of local traffic density in the corridor. In this research, dynamic traffic density observations were collected in a naturalistic driving setting that was free of any controlled experiment biases. Speed from global positioning system and space headway from a light detection and ranging module was collected on one arterial and one freeway segment, 2 and 4mi long, respectively. The combined data frequency was approximately 3Hz. Space headway was used to estimate the local density and consequently to identify the density of a specific location in a corridor. Besides, driver behavior was characterized using the relationship between instantaneous speed and local density under different regimes of the Wiedemann car-following model. Macroscopic traffic stream models were used to investigate the relationship between dynamically collected instantaneous speed and local density. Using the longitudinal evolution of density, precise local density across the corridor can be obtained along with the leader and follower trajectories. A method to identify driver behavior across density ranges was developed for different facility types using a microscopic relationship between instantaneous speed and local density. Overall driving behavior on the freeway segment can be represented by translating the instantaneous speed and local density relationship to macroscopic stream models.

Engineering↗
DOE OSTI2021

Strange Metals as Ersatz Fermi Liquids

Here, a long-standing mystery of fundamental importance in correlated electron physics is to understand strange non-Fermi liquid metals that are seen in diverse quantum materials. A striking experimental feature of these metals is a resistivity that is linear in temperature (T). In this Letter we ask what it takes to obtain such non-Fermi liquid physics down to zero temperature in a translation invariant metal. If in addition the full frequency (ω) dependent conductivity satisfies ω/T scaling, we argue that the T-linear resistivity must come from the intrinsic physics of the low energy fixed point. Combining with earlier arguments that compressible translation invariant metals are “ersatz Fermi liquids” with an infinite number of emergent conserved quantities, we obtain powerful and practical conclusions. We show that there is necessarily a diverging susceptibility for an operator that is odd under inversion and time reversal symmetries, and has zero crystal momentum. We discuss a few other experimental consequences of our arguments, as well as potential loopholes, which necessarily imply other exotic phenomena.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

River Dynamics Control Transit Time Distributions and Biogeochemical Reactions in a Dam-Regulated River Corridor

Residence Time Distributions (RTDs) exert an important control on biogeochemical translation in the hydrological systems. Previous tracer studies have revealed that RTDs often followed time-invariant exponential, lognormal, or heavy-tailed RTDs that have power-law behavior for long tails in headwater or low-order streams. However, there is a recognition that RTDs can be more complicated and time-variable in response to dynamic hydrological forcing. Here, we use particle tracking to estimate RTDs along the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River and to quantify the influences of river stage fluctuations. Particle tracking is conducted using the velocity field from high-resolution 3D groundwater flow simulations. The effects of hydrological forcing on the residence time distribution were evaluated by varying river flow boundary conditions and releasing particles in different time windows. Our results revealed that dynamic stage fluctuations created rapidly changing losing-gaining conditions in the river and led to highly transient RTDs, which contributes to multiple modes of RTDs. Dam-induced high-frequency (sub-daily) flow variation contributes to the short-time (sub-daily) component of the RTDs. Deviation of the reactant consumption under the single-mode assumption compared to the multimodal RTDs is relatively small (~5%) and appears when the Damköhler number was close to one.More specifically, high-frequency (daily) dam-induced stage variations have higher impacts on biogeochemical reactions with faster reaction rate, and can potentially increase the reactant consumption by 26.68%. Based on these findings, we suggest that current river basin models could be improved by including bank storage and more complex RTDs influenced by both short and long term river stage fluctuations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Indices of extremes: geographic patterns of change in extremes and associated vegetation impacts under climate intervention

Extreme weather events have been demonstrated to be increasing in frequency and intensity across the globe and are anticipated to increase further with projected changes in climate. Solar climate intervention strategies, specifically stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), have the potential to minimize some of the impacts of a changing climate while more robust reductions in greenhouse gas emissions take effect. However, to date little attention has been paid to the possible responses of extreme weather and climate events under climate intervention scenarios. We present an analysis of 16 extreme surface temperature and precipitation indices, as well as associated vegetation responses, applied to the Geoengineering Large Ensemble (GLENS). GLENS is an ensemble of simulations performed with the Community Earth System Model (CESM1) wherein SAI is simulated to offset the warming produced by a high-emission scenario throughout the 21st century, maintaining surface temperatures at 2020 levels. GLENS is generally successful at maintaining global mean temperature near 2020 levels; however, it does not completely offset some of the projected warming in northern latitudes. Some regions are also projected to cool substantially in comparison to the present day, with the greatest decreases in daytime temperatures. The differential warming–cooling also translates to fewer very hot days but more very hot nights during the summer and fewer very cold days or nights compared to the current day. Extreme precipitation patterns, for the most part, are projected to reduce in intensity in areas that are wet in the current climate and increase in intensity in dry areas. We also find that the distribution of daily precipitation becomes more consistent with more days with light rain and fewer very intense events than currently occur. In many regions there is a reduction in the persistence of long dry and wet spells compared to present day. However, asymmetry in the night and day temperatures, together with changes in cloud cover and vegetative responses, could exacerbate drying in regions that are already sensitive to drought. Overall, our results suggest that while SAI may ameliorate some of the extreme weather hazards produced by global warming, it would also present some significant differences in the distribution of climate extremes compared to the present day.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Revisiting matrix-based inversion of scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) data

Abstract. Tikhonov regularization is a tool for reducing noise amplification during data inversion. This work introduces RegularizationTools.jl, a general-purpose software package for applying Tikhonov regularization to data. The package implements well-established numerical algorithms and is suitable for systems of up to ∼ 1000 equations. Included is an abstraction to systematically categorize specific inversion configurations and their associated hyperparameters. A generic interface translates arbitrary linear forward models defined by a computer function into the corresponding design matrix. This obviates the need to explicitly write out and discretize the Fredholm integral equation, thus facilitating fast prototyping of new regularization schemes associated with measurement techniques. Example applications include the inversion involving data from scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPSs) and humidified tandem differential mobility analyzers (HTDMAs). Inversion of SMPS size distributions reported in this work builds upon the freely available software DifferentialMobilityAnalyzers.jl. The speed of inversion is improved by a factor of ∼ 200, now requiring between 2 and 5 ms per SMPS scan when using 120 size bins. Previously reported occasional failure to converge to a valid solution is reduced by switching from the L-curve method to generalized cross-validation as the metric to search for the optimal regularization parameter. Higher-order inversions resulting in smooth, denoised reconstructions of size distributions are now included in DifferentialMobilityAnalyzers.jl. This work also demonstrates that an SMPS-style matrix-based inversion can be applied to find the growth factor frequency distribution from raw HTDMA data while also accounting for multiply charged particles. The outcome of the aerosol-related inversion methods is showcased by inverting multi-week SMPS and HTDMA datasets from ground-based observations, including SMPS data obtained at Bodega Marine Laboratory during the CalWater 2/ACAPEX campaign and co-located SMPS and HTDMA data collected at the US Department of Energy observatory located at the Southern Great Plains site in Oklahoma, USA. Results show that the proposed approaches are suitable for unsupervised, nonparametric inversion of large-scale datasets as well as inversion in real time during data acquisition on low-cost reduced-instruction-set architectures used in single-board computers. The included software implementation of Tikhonov regularization is freely available, general, and domain-independent and thus can be applied to many other inverse problems arising in atmospheric measurement techniques and beyond.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Coordinated Ramping Product and Regulation Reserve Procurements in CAISO and MISO using Multi-Scale Probabilistic Solar Power Forecasts (Pro2R)

How can probabilistic solar forecasts lower costs and improve reliability for independent system operator (ISO) markets? We tackle this question in three steps. First, we enhance an existing solar forecasting system to provide well-calibrated hours-ahead probabilistic forecasts. We then relate the degree of uncertainty in those forecasts to error distributions for net load ramps for the California ISO (CAISO) using statistical and machine learning methods. Projected net load errors conditioned on solar uncertainty are translated into flexible ramp requirements that therefore reflect real-time meteorological and solar conditions, improving on typical ISO procedures. Finally, a multi-period look-ahead production cost model quantifies how conditional ramp requirements can a) decrease operating costs by lowering requirements compared to often conservative unconditional methods, and b) reduce generation scarcity events and consequently improve reliability by increasing flexibility requirements at times when unconditional forecast-based requirements understate actual ramp uncertainty. In addition to the products just described (quantification of solar uncertainty, its translation into requirements for ramp capability product, and quantification of the benefits of more accurate ramp requirements), this project also developed a visualization system that alerts system operators of ramp and uncertainty conditions within the network based on solar forecasts. The system is called Resource Forecast and Ramp Visualization for Situational Awareness (RaVIS). These four products represent significant advances in the state-of-the-art of probabilistic solar forecasting, development of weather-informed reserve requirements, production costing methods for estimating the benefits of more accurate reserve requirements, and visualization of system status, respectively. Yet the products are also practical and can be immediately implemented, potentially enabling system operators to save millions of dollars in ramp product procurement costs per year.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Developing a Digital Twin for SRF Cavity Assembly at Fermilab

When assembling Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) Cavities, maintaining an environment devoid of particulates like dust and other small particles is essential. If a single spec of dust enters the cavity a significant degradation of performance can occur. To avoid a cavity failure Fermilab assembles the SRF cavities within a ISO-4 (Class 10) environment. This environment though is still susceptible to foreign contaminants when technicians enter and new components are added to the cleanroom. To reduce the risk even more Fermilab has introduced a cobot manipulator into the cleanroom environment to speed up the assembly time which will reduce the time that the technicians operate in the cleanroom. But, this still leaves the potential of contaminants to enter the cleanroom if new components need to be tested within the cleanroom. This project aims to lay the groundwork to develop a Digital Twin environment of the cleanroom to aid in manufacturing processes and testing. In its simplest form, a digital twin is a bidirectional link between a physical system and its digital counterpart or twin. NVIDIA Isaac Sim is used as the digital twin foundation for the digital representation of the cleanroom, specifically for the UR16e assembly area. A simulated UR16e was used to validate the performance of Isaac Sim as a testing environment by comparing the tool center points (TCP) positional data between the simulated and digital representation of the UR16e. Due to a new vision based robotic assembly process being introduced to the cleanroom a digital representation of the physical camera was tested and validated to ensure that it will produce close to the same outcome as the physical environment. The TCP comparison results showed a peak translational error of approximately 0.1mm and rotational errors of up to 8 between the simulated and digital UR16es. While the camera validation performed with high repeatability across multiple runs, it still requires minor tuning before it can accurately replicate a physical camera.

Imburgia, Joseph [Northern Illinois U.]↗
DOE OSTI2023

A crucial role for dynamic expression of components encoding the negative arm of the circadian clock

In the Neurospora circadian system, the White Collar Complex (WCC) drives expression of the principal circadian negative arm component frequency ( frq ). FRQ interacts with FRH (FRQ-interacting RNA helicase) and CKI, forming a stable complex that represses its own expression by inhibiting WCC. In this study, a genetic screen identified a gene, designated as brd-8 , that encodes a conserved auxiliary subunit of the NuA4 histone acetylation complex. Loss of brd-8 reduces H4 acetylation and RNA polymerase (Pol) II occupancy at frq and other known circadian genes, and leads to a long circadian period, delayed phase, and defective overt circadian output at some temperatures. In addition to strongly associating with the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex, BRD-8 is also found complexed with the transcription elongation regulator BYE-1. Expression of brd-8, bye-1, histone h2a.z , and several NuA4 subunits is controlled by the circadian clock, indicating that the molecular clock both regulates the basic chromatin status and is regulated by changes in chromatin. Taken together, our data identify auxiliary elements of the fungal NuA4 complex having homology to mammalian components, which along with conventional NuA4 subunits, are required for timely and dynamic frq expression and thereby a normal and persistent circadian rhythm.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

End-to-End Workflow for Machine-Learning-Based Qubit Readout With QICK and hls4ml

In this article, we present an end-to-end workflow for superconducting qubit readout that embeds codesigned neural networks into the quantum instrumentation control kit (QICK). Capitalizing on the custom firmware and software of the QICK platform, which is built on Xilinx radiofrequency system-on-chip field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), we aim to leverage machine learning (ML) to address critical challenges in qubit readout accuracy and scalability. The workflow utilizes the hls4ml package and employs quantization-aware training to translate ML models into hardware-efficient FPGA implementations via user-friendly Python application programming interfaces. We experimentally demonstrate the design, optimization, and integration of an ML algorithm for single transmon qubit readout, achieving 96% single-shot fidelity with a latency of 32.25 ns and less than 16% FPGA lookup table resource utilization. Our results offer the community an accessible workflow to advance ML-driven readout and adaptive control in quantum information processing applications.

42 ENGINEERING↗