ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Biochemical fuel cell - an answer to waste management in closed ecological systems - electric energy source
WASTE DISPOSAL↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Marine Biology, volume II
Symposium on marine biology - growth rate, cycles, transportation, photosynthesis, distribution, sampling, nutrition, and light control of natural phytoplankton ecological systems
CONFERENCE↗
Microbial ecology measurement system
The sensitivity and potential rapidity of the PIA test that was demonstrated during the feasibility study warranted continuing the effort to examine the possibility of adapting this test to an automated procedure that could be used during manned missions. The effort during this program has optimized the test conditions for two important respiratory pathogens, influenza virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, developed a laboratory model automated detection system, and investigated a group antigen concept for virus detection. Preliminary tests on the handling of oropharygeal clinical samples for PIA testing were performed using the adenovirus system. The results obtained indicated that the PIA signal is reduced in positive samples and is increased in negative samples. Treatment with cysteine appeared to reduce nonspecific agglutination in negative samples but did not maintain the signal in positive samples.
Source record↗
Research recommendations
The research and development sequences and priorities for CELSS development were established for each of the following areas: nutrition and food processing, food production, waste processing, systems engineering/modeling, and ecology-systems safety.
Source record↗
Controlled Ecological Life Support System. Life Support Systems in Space Travel
Life support systems in space travel, in closed ecological systems were studied. Topics discussed include: (1) problems of life support and the fundamental concepts of bioregeneration; (2) technology associated with physical/chemical regenerative life support; (3) projection of the break even points for various life support techniques; (4) problems of controlling a bioregenerative life support system; (5) data on the operation of an experimental algal/mouse life support system; (6) industrial concepts of bioregenerative life support; and (7) Japanese concepts of bioregenerative life support and associated biological experiments to be conducted in the space station.
Macelroy, R. D.↗
Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems: CELSS 1985 Workshop
Various topics related to closed ecological systems are discussed. Space habitats, vegetative growth, photosynthesis, recycling, culture techniques, waste utilization bioreactors and controlled atmospheres on space stations are among the topics covered.
Macelroy, R. D.↗
Materials for manned systems
Acceptable nonmetallic materials for closed ecological systems
Honma, M.↗
Composition
Water temperature, pH difference, geographical location, and other factors influence on composition and distribution of natural ecological systems of phytoplankton species
PH FACTOR↗
Certain problems and principles of the forma- tion of a habitable environment based on the circulation of substances <nekotoryye problemy i printsipy formirovaniya obitayemoy sredy na osnove krugovorota veshchestv<
Organization of closed ecological systems for prolonged manned space flight
CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM↗
Ecological implications of in vivo data
Response of algae in ecological systems to various metallic ion and nutrient additions
NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT↗
A model of Martian ecology
Hypothetical anaerobic ecological system for Mars environment, and suggested life detection experiments
LIFE DETECTOR↗
The spin-inertia culture system in waste treatment in closed systems
Spin inertia culture system in waste treatment in closed ecological system
WATER PURIFICATION↗
Incineration for resource recovery in a closed ecological life support system
A functional schematic, including mass and energy balance, of a solid waste processing system for a controlled ecological life support system (CELSS) was developed using Aspen Plus, a commercial computer simulation program. The primary processor in this system is an incinerator for oxidizing organic wastes. The major products derived from the incinerator are carbon dioxide and water, which can be recycled to a crop growth chamber (CGC) for food production. The majority of soluble inorganics are extracted or leached from the inedible biomass before they reach the incinerator, so that they can be returned directly to the CGC and reused as nutrients. The heat derived from combustion of organic compounds in the incinerator was used for phase-change water purification. The waste streams treated by the incinerator system conceptualized in this work are inedible biomass from a CGC, human urine (including urinal flush water) and feces, humidity condensate, shower water, and trash. It is estimated that the theoretical minimum surface area required for the radiator to reject the unusable heat output from this system would be 0.72 sq m/person at 298 K.
Upadhye, R. S.↗
Contaminants from manned spacecraft simulations
Trace contaminants isolated during simulated manned spacecraft conditions, and testing of closed ecological system involving 5 men for 30 days
TRACE CONTAMINANT↗
Some Problems and Solutions in Transferring Ecosystem Simulation Codes to Supercomputers
Many computer codes for the simulation of ecological systems have been developed in the last twenty-five years. This development took place initially on main-frame computers, then mini-computers, and more recently, on micro-computers and workstations. Recent recognition of ecosystem science as a High Performance Computing and Communications Program Grand Challenge area emphasizes supercomputers (both parallel and distributed systems) as the next set of tools for ecological simulation. Transferring ecosystem simulation codes to such systems is not a matter of simply compiling and executing existing code on the supercomputer since there are significant differences in the system architectures of sequential, scalar computers and parallel and/or vector supercomputers. To more appropriately match the application to the architecture (necessary to achieve reasonable performance), the parallelism (if it exists) of the original application must be exploited. We discuss our work in transferring a general grassland simulation model (developed on a VAX in the FORTRAN computer programming language) to a Cray Y-MP. We show the Cray shared-memory vector-architecture, and discuss our rationale for selecting the Cray. We describe porting the model to the Cray and executing and verifying a baseline version, and we discuss the changes we made to exploit the parallelism in the application and to improve code execution. As a result, the Cray executed the model 30 times faster than the VAX 11/785 and 10 times faster than a Sun 4 workstation. We achieved an additional speed-up of approximately 30 percent over the original Cray run by using the compiler's vectorizing capabilities and the machine's ability to put subroutines and functions "in-line" in the code. With the modifications, the code still runs at only about 5% of the Cray's peak speed because it makes ineffective use of the vector processing capabilities of the Cray. We conclude with a discussion and future plans.
Skiles, J. W.↗
Ultraviolet irradiation of plants as problem in space phytophysiology
Effects of ultraviolet radiation on photosynthesis of plants as related to closed ecological system
PLANT /BIOL/↗
Controlled Ecological Life Support System Breadboard Project - 1988
The Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Breadboard Project, NASA's effort to develop the technology required to produce a functioning bioregenerative system, is discussed. The different phases of the project and its current status are described. The relationship between the project components are shown, and major project activities for fiscal years 1989-1993 are listed. The biomass production chamber to be used by the project is described.
Knott, W. M.↗
Controlled ecological life support system breadboard project, 1988
The Closed Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Breadboard Project, NASA's effort to develop the technology required to produce a functioning bioregenerative system, is discussed. The different phases of the project and its current status are described. The relationship between the project components are shown, and major project activities for fiscal years 1989 to 1993 are listed. The Biomass Production Chamber (BPC) became operational and tests of wheat as a single crop are nearing completion.
Knott, W. M.↗