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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Analytics-at-scale of Sensor Data for Digital Monitoring in Nuclear Plants: 2nd Annual Report

For economic reasons, the nuclear industry is witnessing premature closure of nuclear power plants, despite excellent safety records. Operations and Maintenance (O&M) activities are some of the largest costs in operating legacy light-water plants. By reducing O&M costs, nuclear energy can become more economically competitive with other energy sources. This can be achieved by leveraging machine-learning and artificial intelligence technologies to develop data-driven algorithms to better diagnose potential faults within the system. Improved accuracy of the models can lead to a reduction in unnecessary maintenance, thus reducing costs associated with parts, labor, and unnecessary planned, forced, or extended outages. To address these challenges, the goal of this project is to perform research and development in the area of digital monitoring, i.e., the application of advanced sensor technologies (particularly wireless sensor technologies) and data science based analytic capabilities, to advance online monitoring and predictive maintenance in nuclear plants and improve plant performance (efficiency gain and economic competitiveness). This report summarizes the fiscal year 2020 research progress encompassing (1) different wireless vibration sensor and data indicators used to assess the health of a plant asset; (2) development of diagnostic models for fault detection; and (3) development of prognostic models for estimating the health of the system up to 7 days ahead.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2014

Optical spectroscopic observations of blazars and γ-ray blazar candidates in the Sloan digital sky survey data release nine

We present an analysis of the optical spectra available in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release nine (SDSS DR9) for the blazars listed in the ROMA-BZCAT and for the γ-ray blazar candidates selected according to their IR colors. First, we adopt a statistical approach based on Monte Carlo simulations to find the optical counterparts of the blazars listed in the ROMA-BZCAT catalog. Then, we crossmatched the SDSS spectroscopic catalog with our selected samples of blazars and γ-ray blazar candidates, searching for those with optical spectra available to classify our blazar-like sources and, whenever possible, to confirm their redshifts. Our main objectives are to determine the classification of uncertain blazars listed in the ROMA-BZCAT and to discover new gamma-ray blazars. For the ROMA-BZCAT sources, we investigated a sample of 84 blazars, confirming the classification for 20 of them and obtaining 18 new redshift estimates. For the γ-ray blazars, indicated as potential counterparts of unassociated Fermi sources or with uncertain nature, we established the blazar-like nature of 8 out of the 27 sources analyzed and confirmed 14 classifications.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Procedure for locating oil and gas wells in the Appalachian Basin

Locating undocumented (or poorly documented) oil and gas wells for environmental assessment is often difficult. Remnant features that confirm the presence of a well (intact casing/wellhead, well bore, etc.) are typically less than a meter in size and often are obscured from direct observation on the ground or from the air (by dense vegetation, for example). To efficiently find such features, it is useful to first systematically compile publicly available digital data at progressively smaller scales prior to embarking on field campaigns. Further, the information presented here describes the procedure developed and used by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory to locate potential oil and gas well sites for follow-up field verification and characterization. Digital data are first compiled from national and state resources such as well location/production databases, historical topographic maps, historical aerial photographs, and LiDAR data. Although each data set is likely to be incomplete or inaccurate to some extent, combining the data resources using geographic information system technology can generate potential well site targets with a higher degree of confidence, which improves the efficiency of fieldwork activities. This workflow was developed in the Appalachian Basin region, and although certain aspects may be unique, the general process would be applicable to locating undocumented wells in other regions.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Radiation-Hard 8-Channel 15-Bit 40-MSPS ADC for the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter Readout

The custom design of a radiation-hardened, 8-channel, 40-MSPS, 15-bit resolution, 14.2-bit dynamic range, 11.4-ENOB ADC data acquisition ASIC fabricated in a commercial 65-nm triple-well CMOS technology is presented. The ADC is developed for and integrates seamlessly into the readout system for the ATLAS liquid argon (LAr) calorimeter in the high-luminosity large hadron collider (HLLHC) upgrade at CERN, which will require a total of 364 936 ADC channels. A three-stage MDAC+SAR pipelined ADC architecture was designed to meet the physics requirements and scientific goals of the ATLAS experiment. The ADC is a fully self-contained data acquisition system that includes foreground calibration, digital data processing, digital control, and supporting circuitry. The measured performance shows the ADC achieves a competitive dynamic range and SNDR, and it meets or exceeds the ATLAS analog requirements. Radiation tolerance and scalability design considerations were implemented at the device-, circuit-, and system-level. Radiation-hardening-by-design techniques used include redundancy for digital circuits, the use of MiM capacitors, and a hybrid RC-DAC for the ADC core. The ADC ASIC was demonstrated to be robust against the effects of the intense radiation expected in the HL-LHC experimental environment.

DAQ↗
DOE OSTI2016

Performance of the Versatile Array of Neutron Detectors at Low Energy (VANDLE)

The Versatile Array of Neutron Detectors at Low Energy (VANDLE) is a new, highly efficient plastic-scintillator array constructed for decay and transfer reaction experimental setups that require neutron detection. The versatile and modular design allows for customizable experimental setups including beta-delayed neutron spectroscopy and (d,n) transfer reactions in normal and inverse kinematics. The neutron energy and prompt-photon discrimination is determined through the time of flight technique. Fully digital data acquisition electronics and integrated triggering logic enables some VANDLE modules to achieve an intrinsic efficiency over 70% for 300-keV neutrons, measured through two different methods. A custom Geant4 simulation models aspects of the detector array and the experimental setups to determine efficiency and detector response. Lastly, a low detection threshold, due to the trigger logic and digitizing data acquisition, allowed us to measure the light-yield response curve from elastically scattered carbon nuclei inside the scintillating plastic from incident neutrons with kinetic energies below 2 MeV.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2026

Automated Signal Timing Plan Reconstruction Using High-Resolution Event-Based Controller Data for Digital Twins

Transportation digital twins are essential tools for evaluating emerging technologies such as connected and automated vehicles, adaptive traffic signal control, and mobility optimization strategies. Realistic digital twins require accurate emulation of real-world signal controllers and detailed signal timing plans. However, signal timing plans are often unavailable or difficult to access, forcing researchers and modelers to rely on assumed fixed timings or halt their analysis. To overcome this challenge, we present a method that directly estimates signal timing plan parameters using high-resolution, event-based data from traffic signal controllers. The proposed method extracts key parameters, including cycle length, offset, phase sequence, coordinated phases, phase-specific minimum and maximum green durations, vehicle extensions, and splits under coordination. A rule-based deterministic signal timing reconstruction algorithm based on traffic signal operation rules, such as those outlined in the Signal Timing Manual, is developed and validated. We evaluate this method, which uses high-resolution controller event logs and verified signal timing plans, on 94 signalized intersections in Nashville, Tennessee, demonstrating their ability to generate accurate, simulation-ready signal timing plans for tools such as SUMO and Vissim.

Saroj, Abhilasha [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000191178063)↗
DOE OSTI2014

Neutron emission profiles and energy spectra measurements at JET

The Joint European Toras (JET, Culham, UK) is the largest tokamak in the world. It is devoted to nuclear fusion experiments of magnetic confined Deuterium (D) or Deuterium-Tritium (DT) plasmas. JET has been upgraded over the years and recently it has also become a test facility of the components designed for ITER, the next step fusion machine under construction in Cadarache (France). JET makes use of many different diagnostics to measure the physical quantities of interest in plasma experiments. Concerning D or DT plasmas neutron production, various types of detectors are implemented to provide information upon the neutron total yield, emission profile and energy spectrum. The neutron emission profile emitted from the JET plasma poloidal section is reconstructed using the neutron camera (KN3). In 2010 KN3 was equipped with a new digital data acquisition system capable of high rate neutron measurements (<0.5 MCps). A similar instrument will be implemented on ITER and it is currently in its design phase. Various types of neutron spectrometers with different view lines are also operational on JET. One of them is a new compact spectrometer (KM12) based on organic liquid scintillating material which was installed in 2010 and implements a similar digital data acquisition system as for KN3. This article illustrates the measurement results of KN3 neutron emission profiles and KM 12 neutron energy spectra from the latest JET D experimental campaign C31.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

Qualification of Digitized Legacy Fast Reactor Data

The Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) fuel compatibility test program (1984-1994) included a variety of fuel pin examinations conducted at the Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF) and the Alpha-Gamma Hot Cell Facility (AGHCF). Hard copy data records of these examinations have been recovered, scanned, and preserved in PDF format. Many hard copy records are now qualified in accordance with an NRC-approved Quality Assurance Program Plan (QAPP), and there is an ongoing effort to qualify additional legacy records. This legacy fuel performance data is vital to support design and licensing of fast reactors with validation of state-of-the-art codes and advanced methods for design and analysis. Stakeholders can most easily utilize this data when the PDF scans have been converted into digital data tables. However, qualification of the scanned hard copy data does not qualify the digital data file resulting from the digitization of the data contained in the record; the subject matter expert (SME) must make a review of the digitized data table as well before it can be designated as qualified. This report outlines a peer review process to qualify the digital data file(s), typically in CSV format, corresponding to hard copy records in accordance with the existing QAPP.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Tunable plasmonic color device and method of making the same

A plasmonic system is disclosed. The system includes at least one polarizer that is configured to provide at least one linearly polarized broadband light beam, an anisotropic plasmonic metasurface (APM) assembly having a plurality of nanoantennae each having a predetermined orientation with respect to a global axis representing encoded digital data, the APM assembly configured to receive the at least one linearly polarized broadband light beam and by applying localized surface plasmon resonance reflect light with selectable wavelengths associated with the predetermined orientations of the nanoantennae, and at least one analyzer that is configured to receive the reflected light with selectable wavelength, wherein the relative angles between each of the at least one analyzers and each of the at least one polarizers are selectable with respect to the global axis, thereby allowing decoding of the digital data.

Kildishev, Alexander V.↗
DOE OSTI2017

A review of predictive nonlinear theories for multiscale modeling of heterogeneous materials

Since the beginning of the industrial age, material performance and design have been in the midst of innovation of many disruptive technologies. Today's electronics, space, medical, transportation, and other industries are enriched by development, design and deployment of composite, heterogeneous and multifunctional materials. As a result, materials innovation is now considerably outpaced by other aspects from component design to product cycle. In this article, we review predictive nonlinear theories for multiscale modeling of heterogeneous materials. Deeper attention is given to multiscale modeling in space and to computational homogenization in addressing challenging materials science questions. Moreover, we discuss a state-of-the-art platform in predictive image-based, multiscale modeling with co-designed simulations and experiments that executes on the world's largest supercomputers. Such a modeling framework consists of experimental tools, computational methods, and digital data strategies. Once fully completed, this collaborative and interdisciplinary framework can be the basis of Virtual Materials Testing standards and aids in the development of new material formulations. Moreover, it will decrease the time to market of innovative products.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Physical properties, internal structure, and the three‐dimensional petrography of CI chondrites

physical properties and the nature of their breccation, we investigated nine samples of the Ivuna and Orgueil CI chondrites ranging in size from 1 mm to 4 cm in approximate diameter. The combined mass of unique material investigated in this work is 113 g. For our investigations, we use ideal gas pycnometry, 3-D laser scanning, x-ray computed microtomography (μCT), and accompanying digital data extraction techniques. We found that the bulk density of the samples ranged from 1.61 to 2.10 g cm −3 . Larger samples tend to have a lower bulk density. Grain density (ranging from 2.44 to 2.55 g cm −3 ) is significantly less variable than the bulk density in our samples and the quantity of porosity (ranging from 14.6% to 33.8%) is the dominant factor in determining the bulk density of CI chondrite material. Our μCT results show that the visible porosity across all sizes of our CI chondrite samples is in the form of cracks, but these cracks can account for less than two-thirds of the porosity in the CI chondrites. Other porosity is not visible, even at μCT resolutions of 2.7 μm voxel edge −1 and we conclude that it is sub-micron in nature. It is not clear if the cracks seen in our samples are indigenous to the chondrites or are a result of terrestrial processes. We also find that the CI chondrites are excellent examples of the fractal-like nature of brecciation, where clasts can be observed at all scales we imaged. The breccias are composed of sub-equant-shaped and sub-rounded-textured clasts like melt-free impact breccias on other solar system bodies. From our μCT volume and digital data extraction, we determine that the Ivuna CI chondrite breccia is organized: the mostly sub-equant clasts within our ~2 cm chunk of Ivuna have a mean diameter of 1.33 mm and their aligned longest axes define a lineation structure. We speculate that the lineation was imparted after fragmentation of the clasts by slight shear on the parent asteroid which could be the result of seismic-related granular flow or mild non-axial impact-related compaction. These data will help to place returned asteroidal material from asteroids 162173 Ryugu and 101955 Bennu and the CI chondrites into a mutual geological context.

CI chondrite↗
DOE OSTI2024

Visualizing an Exascale Data Center Digital Twin: Considerations, Challenges and Opportunities

Digital twins are an excellent tool to model, visualize, and simulate complex systems, to understand and optimize their operation. In this work, we present the technical challenges of real-time visualization of a digital twin of the Frontier supercomputer.We show the initial prototype and current state of the twin and highlight technical design challenges of visualizing such a large High Performance Computing (HPC) system. The goal is to understand the use of augmented reality as a primary way to extract information and collaborate on digital twins of complex systems. This leverages the spatio-temporal aspect of a 3D representation of a digital twin, with the ability to view historical and real-time telemetry, triggering simulations of a system state and viewing the results, which can be augmented via dashboards for details. Finally, we discuss considerations and opportunities for augmented reality of digital twins of large-scale, parallel computers.

Maiterth, Matthias↗
DOE OSTI2019

Using Digital Trace Data to Identify Regions and Cities

A greater understanding of human dynamics as they play out in both physical space and through inter-personal communication is vital for the design and development of intelligent and resilient cities. Physical context provides insight in to the space-time distribution of population and their activity patterns, while inter-personal communication can, for the first time, be measured at scale through virtual interactions. The confluence of these two enables spatial social network analysis in the built environment for edge computing, knowledge discovery, and artificial intelligence activities. In this work, we propose a novel method to discover such dynamics. We use a dataset of 72 million tweets to develop a spatially embedded network of communication, and then use community detection algorithms to explore regional and urban delineation in the United States. We find that the broad spatial delineation of communities and community sub-structure is consistent with major United States socio-cultural regions, states, and major metropolitan areas. We describe how these methods could be extended to generate a measure of socially cohesive regions that can be consistently applied anywhere there is a sufficiently rich data source. We hope the proposed methods will generate new perspectives on smart and resilient cities.

Brelsford, Christa↗
DOE OSTI2015

Multi-purpose γ-Ray Interface to Auxiliary Detectors (MyRIAD) User Manual

The MyRIAD (Multipurpose γ-Ray Interface to Auxiliary Detectors) module provides a general-purpose interface to allow other detector systems that work in concert with the digital data acquisition (DAQ) sytems of Digital Gammasphere (DGS) and GRETINA to receive the timestamp and triggering information from those systems to synchronize the data acquisition system of an auxiliary detector used in concert with these large detector arrays. Additionally the MyRIAD may be used to transmit time-stamped trigger messages from the auxiliary detector to the main system so that the main system may filter its event readout based upon the presence or absence of a local trigger in the auxiliary detector. Finally, the MyRIAD provides signal interface capabilities designed to allow legacy CAMAC-based detector DAQ systems to be directly controlled and interfaced by the DAQ system of DGS or GRETINA.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

The Acoustic Emission signal acquired by the microphones placed in the CABRI test device along the fourteen last R.I.A. experiments: an example of reproducible research in nuclear science

The CABRI facility is an experimental nuclear reactor of the French Atomic Energy Commission. It is located at the Cadarache Research Centre in southern France and it is designed to act as a support to the French nuclear infrastructure. The purpose of the new testing programme termed, 'CABRI International Programme' (CIP) is to study the behaviour of PWR-type fuel rods at high burnup, equipped with an 'advanced' cladding, under Reactivity Initiated Accident (RIA) conditions (such as the scenario of a control rod ejection). Within the framework of this programme, piloted and funded by the French Institute of Nuclear Radioprotection and Safety (IRSN), ten tests are to be conducted with a frequency of two tests per year. The LPRE laboratory of the CEA which is in charge of the Preparation, realisation and breakdown of the test results studies the possibility to set up a new test analysis based on the processing of signals coming from sensors placed within the test equipment. During the experimental phase, the behaviour of the fuel element generates acoustic waves which can be detected by two microphones placed upstream and downstream of the test device. Studies showed the interest to realize temporal and spectral analyses on these signals by showing the existence of signatures which can be correlated with physical phenomena as the rod failure or the test shutdown (i.e. scram). The work presented in this article results from the will to consolidate these studies. Since the main phenomenon to be tracked is the fuel rod failure, the aim would be to highlight specific events which would have been precursors of the rod failure in order to use in the future these signals for further interpretation. Such an antecedent works resumption leads to a better understanding of the experimental needs and constitutes a good initial state to prepare the new very fast digital data acquisition systems. Although all the raw data are accessible in the form of text files, analyses and graphics representations were not straightforward to reproduce from the ancient studies since that, on one hand, people who were in charge of the original work left the laboratory and on the other hand because it is not easy when the time passes, even with our own work, to be able to remember the steps of data manipulations and the exact setup: - During the ancient experiments the use of analog data acquisition systems required to digitize tapes to be able to realize computer treatments. That had had for consequence to lose the initial dating. This one must be correctly edited to do temporal comparisons. - Analyses require functions for calculations whose parameters has to be well-known to reach the same results. We thus wished to manage our workflow in the idea that it can be easily reproducible on all the experiments. The object of the work presented in this article was to put in practice this strong bind between the data, treatments and generation of the document in order not to hesitate to do the iteration principle in action. We do not have to be afraid by the data driven analyses. According to the philosophy of the literate programming, the text of the technical document is woven with the computer code that produces all the printed output as tables, graphs for the study eliminating hence the unrealistic cut and paste. This difficulty is not specific to the nuclear domain. For many years, researchers have been worked out solutions to this mundane issue. And, presently, new technologies and high-level programming languages offer us actual answers. We will firstly present the tools applied in our laboratory to implement this workflow, then we will describe the global perception carried out to continue the study of the Acoustic Emission signals recorded by the two microphones during the fourteen last CABRI R.I.A. test.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗