Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “DIRAC OPERATORS”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Topological aspects of fermions on hyperdiamond

Motivated by recent results on the index of the Dirac operator D={gamma}{sup {mu}}D{sub {mu}} of QCD on lattice and also by results on topological features of electrons and holes of two-dimensional graphene, we compute in this paper the index of D for fermions living on a family of even-dimensional lattices denoted as L{sub 2N} and describing the 2N-dimensional generalization of the graphene honeycomb. The calculation of this topological index is done by using the direct method based on solving explicitly the gauged Dirac equation and also by using specific properties of the lattices L{sub 2N}, which are shown to be intimately linked with the weight lattices of SU(2N+ 1). The index associated with the two leading N= 1 and N= 2 elements of this family describe precisely the chiral anomalies of graphene and QCD{sub 4}. Comments on the method using the spectral flow approach as well as the computation of the topological charges on 2-cycles of 2N-dimensional compact supercell in L{sub 2N} and applications to QCD{sub 4} are also given.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Some chirality-related properties of the 4D massive Dirac propagator and determinant in an arbitrary gauge field

For a 4D massive Dirac field in the background of arbitrary gauge fields, we show that the Dirac propagator and functional determinant are completely determined by knowledge of the corresponding quantities for just one of the chirality sectors of the second-order Dirac operator. This generalizes the related, previously known, statements in (anti)self-dual background gauge fields. The logarithms of the (renormalized) functional determinants from the two chirality sectors are shown to be different only by a term reflecting the integrated chiral anomaly.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Green function of the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation with nonuniform refraction index, using quaternion analysis

In this paper we first show in the framework of quaternion analysis how the fundamental solutions of the Dirac operators with vector potential can be obtained. Then, we use the obtained results to present a derivation of the exact analytic Green function for the Helmholtz equation, i.e., ({Delta}+|a(x)|{sup 2})G{sub 0}(x)={delta}(x), for the case a(x) is a monogenic (analytic) vector potential.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Ternary generalization of Pauli’s principle and the Z{sub 6}-graded algebras

We show how the discrete symmetries Z{sub 2} and Z{sub 3} combined with the superposition principle result in the SL(2,C) symmetry of quantum states. The role of Pauli’s exclusion principle in the derivation of the SL(2,C) symmetry is put forward as the source of the macroscopically observed Lorentz symmetry; then it is generalized for the case of the Z{sub 3} grading replacing the usual Z{sub 2} grading, leading to ternary commutation relations. We discuss the cubic and ternary generalizations of Grassmann algebra. Invariant cubic forms on such algebras are introduced, and it is shown how the SL(2,C) group arises naturally in the case of two generators only, as the symmetry group preserving these forms. The wave equation generalizing the Dirac operator to the Z{sub 3}-graded case is introduced, whose diagonalization leads to a sixthorder equation. The solutions of this equation cannot propagate because their exponents always contain non-oscillating real damping factor. We show how certain cubic products can propagate nevertheless. The model suggests the origin of the color SU(3) symmetry.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Determination of the chiral condensate from QCD Dirac spectrum on the lattice

We calculate the chiral condensate of QCD with 2, 2+1, and 3 flavors of sea quarks. Lattice QCD simulations are performed employing dynamical overlap fermions with up- and down-quark masses covering a range between 3 and 100 MeV. On L{approx}1.8-1.9 fm lattices at a lattice spacing {approx}0.11 fm, we calculate the eigenvalue spectrum of the overlap-Dirac operator. By matching the lattice data with the analytical prediction from chiral perturbation theory at the next-to-leading order, the chiral condensate in the massless limit of up and down quarks is determined.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

A Z{sub 3} generalization of Pauli's principle, quark algebra and the Lorentz invariance

The fundamental difference between bosons and fermions is that they obey two alternative representations of the Z{sub 2} group, resulting in symmetric or anti-symmetric binary commutation relations. Our aim is to explore possibilities offered by ternary Z{sub 3} generalization commutation relations. This leads to cubic and ternary algebras which are a direct generalization of usual commutation relations, with Z{sub 3}-grading replacing the usual Z{sub 2}-grading. Properties and structure of such algebras are discussed, with special interest in a low-dimensional one, with two generators. Invariant cubic forms on such algebras are introduced, and it is shown how the SL(2,C) group arises naturally as the symmetry group preserving these forms. In the case of lowest dimension, with only two generators, it is shown how the cubic combinations of elements of the same Z{sub 3} grade behave like Lorentz spinors, while binary products of elements of this algebra with an element of the conjugate algebra behave like Lorentz vectors. The wave equation generalizing the Dirac operator to the Z{sub 3}-graded case is introduced, whose diagonalization leads to a third-order equation. The solutions of this equation cannot propagate because their exponents always contain non-oscillating real damping factor. We show how certain cubic products can propagate nevertheless. The model suggests the origin of the color SU(3) symmetry obeyed by quark states.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Lattice Wess-Zumino model with Ginsparg-Wilson fermions: One-loop results and GPU benchmarks

We numerically evaluate the one-loop counterterms for the four-dimensional Wess-Zumino model formulated on the lattice using Ginsparg-Wilson fermions of the overlap (Neuberger) variety, together with an auxiliary fermion (plus superpartners), such that a lattice version of U(1){sub R} symmetry is exactly preserved in the limit of vanishing bare mass. We confirm previous findings by other authors that at one loop there is no renormalization of the superpotential in the lattice theory, but that there is a mismatch in the wave-function renormalization of the auxiliary field. We study the range of the Dirac operator that results when the auxiliary fermion is integrated out, and show that localization does occur, but that it is less pronounced than the exponential localization of the overlap operator. We also present preliminary simulation results for this model, and outline a strategy for nonperturbative improvement of the lattice supercurrent through measurements of supersymmetry Ward identities. Related to this, some benchmarks for our graphics processing unit code are provided. Our simulation results find a nearly vanishing vacuum expectation value for the auxiliary field, consistent with approximate supersymmetry at weak coupling.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Yang-Mills streamlines and semi-classical confinement

Semi-classical configurations in Yang-Mills theory have been derived from lattice Monte Carlo configurations using a recently proposed constrained cooling technique which is designed to preserve every Polyakov line (at any point in space-time in any direction). Consequently, confinement was found sustained by the ensemble of semi-classical configurations. The existence of gluonic and fermionic near-to-zero modes was demonstrated as a precondition for a possible semi-classical expansion around the cooled configurations as well as providing the gapless spectrum of the Dirac operator necessary for chiral symmetry breaking. The cluster structure of topological charge of the semi-classical streamline configurations was analysed and shown to support the axial anomaly of the right size, although the structure differs from the instanton gas or liquid. Here, we present further details on the space-time structure and the time evolution of the streamline configurations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Unbreaking chiral symmetry

In quantum chromodynamics (QCD) the eigenmodes of the Dirac operator with small absolute eigenvalues have a close relationship to the dynamical breaking of the chiral symmetry. In a simulation with two dynamical quarks, we study the behavior of meson propagators when removing increasingly more of those modes in the valence sector, thus partially removing effects of chiral symmetry breaking. We find that some of the symmetry aspects are restored (e.g., the masses of {rho} and a{sub 1} approach each other) while confining properties persist.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Probing the chiral regime of N{sub f}=2 QCD with mixed actions

We report on our first experiences with a mixed action setup with overlap valence quarks and nonperturbatively O(a) improved Wilson sea quarks. For the latter we employ CLS N{sub f}=2 configurations with light sea-quark masses at small lattice spacings. Exact chiral symmetry allows to consider very light valence quarks and explore the matching to (partially-quenched) Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) in a mixed {epsilon}/p-regime. We compute the topological susceptibility and the low-lying spectrum of the massless Neuberger-Dirac operator for three values of the sea-quark mass, and compare the sea-quark mass dependence to NLO ChPT in the mixed regime. This provides two different determinations of the chiral condensate, as well as information about some NLOlow-energy couplings. Our results allow to test the consistency of the mixed-regime approach to ChPT, as well as of the mixed action framework.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

The analysis of space-time structure in QCD vacuum II: Dynamics of polarization and absolute X-distribution

Highlights: > We propose a method to compute the polarization for a multi-dimensional random distribution. > We apply the method to the eigenemodes of the Dirac operator in pure glue QCD. > We compute the chiral polarization for these modes and study its scale dependence. > We find that in a finite volume there is a scale where the polarization tendency changes. > We study the continuum limit of this chiral polarization scale. - Abstract: We propose a framework for quantitative evaluation of dynamical tendency for polarization in an arbitrary random variable that can be decomposed into a pair of orthogonal subspaces. The method uses measures based on comparisons of given dynamics to its counterpart with statistically independent components. The formalism of previously considered X-distributions is used to express the aforementioned comparisons, in effect putting the former approach on solid footing. Our analysis leads to the definition of a suitable correlation coefficient with clear statistical meaning. We apply the method to the dynamics induced by pure-glue lattice QCD in local left-right components of overlap Dirac eigenmodes. It is found that, in finite physical volume, there exists a non-zero physical scale in the spectrum of eigenvalues such that eigenmodes at smaller (fixed) eigenvalues exhibit convex X-distribution (positive correlation), while at larger eigenvalues the distribution is concave (negative correlation). This chiral polarization scale thus separates a regime where dynamics enhances chirality relative to statistical independence from a regime where it suppresses it, and gives an objective definition to the notion of 'low' and 'high' Dirac eigenmode. We propose to investigate whether the polarization scale remains non-zero in the infinite volume limit, in which case it would represent a new kind of low energy scale in QCD.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2012

The chiral magnetic effect and chiral symmetry breaking in SU(3) quenched lattice gauge theory

We study some properties of the non-Abelian vacuum induced by strong external magnetic field. We perform calculations in the quenched SU(3) lattice gauge theory with tadpole-improved Luescher-Weisz action and chirally invariant lattice Dirac operator. The following results are obtained: The chiral symmetry breaking is enhanced by the magnetic field. The chiral condensate depends on the strength of the applied field as a power function with exponent {nu} = 1.6 {+-} 0.2. There is a paramagnetic polarization of the vacuum. The corresponding susceptibility and other magnetic properties are calculated and compared with the theoretical estimations. There are nonzero local fluctuations of the chirality and electromagnetic current, which grow with the magnetic field strength. These fluctuations can be a manifestation of the Chiral Magnetic Effect.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Magnetic-Field-Induced Insulator-Conductor Transition in SU(2) Quenched Lattice Gauge Theory

We study the correlator of two vector currents in quenched SU(2) lattice gauge theory with a chirally invariant lattice Dirac operator with a constant external magnetic field. It is found that in the confinement phase the correlator of the components of the current parallel to the magnetic field decays much slower than in the absence of a magnetic field, while for other components the correlation length slightly decreases. We apply the maximal entropy method to extract the corresponding spectral function. In the limit of zero frequency this spectral function yields the electric conductivity of quenched theory. We find that in the confinement phase the external magnetic field induces nonzero electric conductivity along the direction of the field, transforming the system from an insulator into an anisotropic conductor. In the deconfinement phase the conductivity does not exhibit any sizable dependence on the magnetic field.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Anomalies, gauge field topology, and the lattice

Motivated by the connection between gauge field topology and the axial anomaly in fermion currents, I suggest that the fourth power of the naive Dirac operator can provide a natural method to define a local lattice measure of topological charge. For smooth gauge fields this reduces to the usual topological density. For typical gauge field configurations in a numerical simulation, however, quantum fluctuations dominate, and the sum of this density over the system does not generally give an integer winding. On cooling with respect to the Wilson gauge action, instanton like structures do emerge. As cooling proceeds, these objects tend shrink and finally 'fall through the lattice.' Modifying the action can block the shrinking at the expense of a loss of reflection positivity. The cooling procedure is highly sensitive to the details of the initial steps, suggesting that quantum fluctuations induce a small but fundamental ambiguity in the definition of topological susceptibility.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Meson and baryon spectrum for QCD with two light dynamical quarks

We present results of meson and baryon spectroscopy using the Chirally Improved Dirac operator on lattices of size 16{sup 3}x32 with two mass-degenerate light sea quarks. Three ensembles with pion masses of 322(5), 470(4), and 525(7) MeV and lattice spacings close to 0.15 fm are investigated. Results for ground and excited states for several channels are given, including spin two mesons and hadrons with strange valence quarks. The analysis of the states is done with the variational method, including two kinds of Gaussian sources and derivative sources. We obtain several ground states fairly precisely and find radial excitations in various channels. Excited baryon results seem to suffer from finite size effects, in particular, at small pion masses. We discuss the possible appearance of scattering states, considering masses and eigenvectors. Partially quenched results in the scalar channel suggest the presence of a 2-particle state, however, in most channels we cannot identify them. Where available, we compare our results to results of quenched simulations using the same action.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Solitons in lattice field theories via tight-binding supersymmetry

Reflectionless potentials play an important role in constructing exact solutions to classical dynamical systems (such as the Korteweg-de Vries equation), non-perturbative solutions of various large-N field theories (such as the Gross-Neveu model), and closely related solitonic solutions to the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations in the theory of superconductivity. These solutions rely on the inverse scattering method, which reduces these seemingly unrelated problems to identifying reflectionless potentials of an auxiliary one-dimensional quantum scattering problem. There are several ways of constructing these potentials, one of which is quantum mechanical supersymmetry (SUSY). In this paper, motivated by recent experimental platforms, we generalize this framework to develop a theory of lattice solitons. We first briefly review the classical inverse scattering method in the continuum limit, focusing on the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation and SU(N) Gross-Neveu model in the large N limit. We then generalize this methodology to lattice versions of interacting field theories. Our analysis hinges on the use of trace identities, which are relations connecting the potential of an equation of motion to the scattering data. For a discrete Schrödinger operator, such trace identities had been known as far back as Toda; however, we derive a new set of identities for the discrete Dirac operator. We then use these identities in a lattice Gross-Neveu and chiral Gross-Neveu (Nambu-Jona-Lasinio) model to show that lattice solitons correspond to reflectionless potentials associated with the discrete scattering problem. These models are of significance as they are equivalent to a mean-field theory of a lattice superconductor. To explicitly construct these solitons, we generalize supersymmetric quantum mechanics to tight-binding models. We show that a matrix transformation exists that maps a tight-binding model to an isospectral one which shares the same structure and scattering properties. The corresponding soliton solutions have both modulated hopping and onsite potential, the former of which has no analogue in the continuum limit. We explicitly compute both topological and non-topological soliton solutions as well as bound state spectra in the aforementioned models.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗