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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Lepton electric and magnetic dipole moments via lepton flavor-violating spin-1 unparticle interactions

The magnetic dipole moment and the electric dipole moment of leptons are calculated under the assumption of lepton flavor violation (LFV) induced by spin-1 unparticles with both vector and axial-vector couplings to leptons, including a CP-violating phase. The experimental limits on the muon magnetic dipole moment and LFV process, such as the decay l{sub i}{sup -}{yields}l{sub j}{sup -}l{sub k}{sup -}l{sub k}{sup +}, are then used to constrain the LFV couplings for particular values of the unparticle operator dimension d{sub U} and the unparticle scale {Lambda}{sub U}, assuming that LFV transitions between the tau and muon leptons are dominant. It is found that the current experimental constraints favor a scenario with dominance of the vector couplings over the axial-vector couplings. We also obtain estimates for the electric dipole moments of the electron and the muon, which are well below the experimental values.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Late kinetic decoupling of light magnetic dipole dark matter

We study the kinetic decoupling of light (≲10 GeV) magnetic dipole dark matter (DM). We find that present bounds from collider, direct DM searches, and structure formation allow magnetic dipole DM to remain in thermal equilibrium with the early universe plasma until as late as the electron-positron annihilation epoch. This late kinetic decoupling leads to a minimal mass for the earliest dark protohalos of thousands of solar masses, in contrast to the conventional weak scale DM scenario where they are of order 10{sup −6} solar masses.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2017

The Dipole Magnetic Field and Spin-down Evolutions of the High Braking Index Pulsar PSR J1640–4631

In this work, we interpreted the high braking index of PSR J1640−4631 with a combination of the magneto-dipole radiation and dipole magnetic field decay models. By introducing a mean rotation energy conversion coefficient ζ-bar , the ratio of the total high-energy photon energy to the total rotation energy loss in the whole life of the pulsar, and combining the pulsar’s high-energy and timing observations with a reliable nuclear equation of state, we estimate the pulsar’s initial spin period, P{sub 0}∼(17--44) ms, corresponding to the moment of inertia I∼(0.8--2.1)×10{sup 45} g cm{sup 2}. Assuming that PSR J1640−4631 has experienced a long-term exponential decay of the dipole magnetic field, we calculate the true age t{sub age}, the effective magnetic field decay timescale τ{sub D}, and the initial surface dipole magnetic field at the pole B{sub p}(0) of the pulsar to be 2900−3100 yr, 1.07(2)×10{sup 5} yr, and (1.84--4.20)×10{sup 13} G, respectively. The measured braking index of n=3.15(3) for PSR J1640−4631 is attributed to its long-term dipole magnetic field decay and a low magnetic field decay rate, dB{sub p}/dt∼−(1.66--3.85)×10{sup 8} G yr{sup −1}. Our model can be applied to both the high braking index (n>3) and low braking index (n<3) pulsars, tested by the future polarization, timing, and high-energy observations of PSR J1640−4631.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Large-Aperture High-Field Nb$_3$Sn Dipole Magnets

Large-aperture high-field dipole magnets based on $Nb_3Sn$ superconductor are necessary for various accelera-tor systems of future hadron and muon colliders. High level of magnetic field and large aperture size lead to large Lorentz forces and mechanical strains and stresses which can damage brittle $Nb_3Sn$ coils. This paper describes conceptual designs of 120-mm aperture dipoles with magnetic fields up to 15 T based on cos-theta coils and a stress man-agement technique.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Nuclear Magnetic Dipole and Electric Quadrupole Moments: Their Measurement and Tabulation as Accessible Data

The most recent tabulations of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments have been prepared and published by the Nuclear Data Section of the IAEA, Vienna [N. J. Stone, Report No. INDC(NDS)-0650 (2013); Report No. INDC(NDS)-0658 (2014)]. The first of these is a table of recommended quadrupole moments for all isotopes in which all experimental results are made consistent with a limited number of adopted standards for each element; the second is a combined listing of all measurements of both moments. Both tables cover all isotopes and energy levels. In this paper, the considerations relevant to the preparation of both tables are described, together with observations as to the importance and (where appropriate) application of necessary corrections to achieve the “best” values. Some discussion of experimental methods is included with emphasis on their precision. The aim of the published quadrupole moment table is to provide a standard reference in which the value given for each moment is the best available and for which full provenance is given. A table of recommended magnetic dipole moments is in preparation, with the same objective in view.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Towards 20 T Hybrid Accelerator Dipole Magnets

We report the most effective way to achieve very high collision energies in a circular particle accelerator is to maximize the field strength of the main bending dipoles. In dipole magnets using Nb-Ti superconductor the practical field limit is considered to be 8-9 T. When Nb 3 Sn superconductor material is utilized, a field level of 15-16 T can be achieved. To further push the magnetic field beyond the Nb 3 Sn limits, High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) need to be considered in the magnet design. The most promising HTS materials for particle accelerator magnets are Bi2212 and REBCO. However, their outstanding performance comes with a significantly higher cost. Therefore, an economically viable option towards 20 T dipole magnets could consist in an “hybrid” solution, where both HTS and Nb3Sn materials are used. We discuss in this paper preliminary conceptual designs of various 20 T hybrid magnet concepts. After the definition of the overall design criteria, the coil dimensions and parameters are investigated with finite element models based on simple sector coils. Preliminary 2D cross-section computation results are then presented and three main layouts compared: cos-theta, block, and common-coil. Both traditional designs and more advanced stress-management options are considered.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Conceptual Design of 20 T Hybrid Accelerator Dipole Magnets

Hybrid magnets are currently under consideration as an economically viable option towards 20 T dipole magnets for next generation of particle accelerators. In these magnets, High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) materials are used in the high field part of the coil with so-called insert coils, and Low Temperature Superconductors (LTS) like Nb 3 Sn and Nb-Ti superconductors are used in the lower field region with so-called outsert coils. The attractiveness of the hybrid option lays on the fact that, on the one hand, the 20 T field level is beyond the Nb 3 Sn practical limits of 15-16 T for accelerator magnets and can be achieved only via HTS materials; on the other hand, the high cost of HTS superconductors compared to LTS superconductors makes it advantageous exploring a hybrid approach, where the HTS portion of the coil is minimized. Here we present in this paper an overview of different design options aimed at generating 20 T field in a 50 mm clear aperture. The coil layouts investigated include the Cos-theta design (CT), with its variations to reduce the conductor peak stress, namely the Canted Cos-theta design (CCT) and the Stress Management Cos-theta design (SMCT), and, in addition, the Block-type design (BL) including a form of stress management and the Common-Coil design (CC). Results from a magnetic and mechanical analysis are discussed, with particular focus on the comparison between the different options regarding quantity of superconducting material, field quality, conductor peak stress, and quench protection.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Integrated Fields of Permanent Magnet Dipole Trims

To adjust the integrated dipole field of a magnet (through the longitudinal z axis), pairs of small permanent magnets may be added at the end, symmetrically above and below the axis. If these are sufficiently small, they may be approximated by magnetic dipole point sources.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Spatially resolved measurements of plasma ion velocity distributions in a dipole magnetic field

The equilibrium flows of a plasma discharge in a dipole magnetic field are a topic of interest in low temperature plasma physics. Experimentalists typically rely on probe-based and line-integrated diagnostic techniques in these environments to describe plasma behavior. Presented here are measurements of argon ion dynamics with laser induced fluorescence techniques to provide insight into plasma dynamics in dipole magnetic fields with nonperturbative, spatially localized measurements. Simulation results from a Lagrangian approach to track particle orbits are compared to measured density profiles and provide evidence to support the mechanism distinguishing experimental configurations is the initial approach of particles. Applying a negative DC bias to the magnet induces strong E×B flows around the magnet, even exceeding the ion acoustic speed as measured far from the magnet. A strong enough bias also produces two distinct ion populations and provides a method for controlling the density gradient on the equator.

McLaughlin, Jacob W. (ORCID:0000000152661888)↗
DOE OSTI2016

Magnetic dipole moments for composite dark matter

We study neutral dark matter candidates with a nonzero magnetic dipole moment. We assume that they are composite states of new fermions related to the strong phase of a new gauge interaction. In particular, invoking a dark flavor symmetry, we analyze the composition structure of viable candidates depending on the assignations of hypercharge and the multiplets associated to the fundamental constituents of the extended sector. We determine the magnetic dipole moments for the neutral composite states in terms of their constituents masses.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Retraining of the 1232 Main Dipole Magnets in the LHC

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) contains eight main dipole circuits, each of them with 154 dipole magnets powered in series. These 15-m-long magnets are wound from Nb-Ti superconducting Rutherford cables, and have active quench detection triggering heaters to quickly force the transition of the coil to the normal conducting state in case of a quench, and hence reduce the hot spot temperature. During the reception tests in 2002-2007, all these magnets have been trained up to at least 12 kA, corresponding to a beam energy of 7.1 TeV. After installation in the accelerator, the circuits have been operated at reduced currents of up to 6.8 kA, from 2010 to 2013, corresponding to a beam energy of 4 TeV. After the first long shutdown of 2013-2014, the LHC runs at 6.5 TeV, requiring a dipole magnet current of 11.0 kA. A significant number of training quenches were needed to bring the 1232 magnets up to this current. In this paper, the circuit behavior in case of a quench is presented, as well as the quench training as compared to the initial training during the reception tests of the individual magnets.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Magnetic dipole discharges. I. Basic properties

A simple discharge is described which uses a permanent magnet as a cold cathode and the metallic chamber wall as an anode. The magnet's equator is biased strongly negative, which produces secondary electrons due to the impact of energetic ions. The emitted electrons are highly confined by the strong dipolar magnetic field and the negative potential in the equatorial plane of the magnet. The emitted electrons ionize near the sheath and produce further electrons, which drift across field lines to the anode while the nearly unmagnetized ions are accelerated back to the magnet. A steady state discharge is maintained at neutral pressures above 10{sup −3} mbar. This is the principle of magnetron discharges, which commonly use cylindrical and planar cathodes rather than magnetic dipoles as cathodes. The discharge properties have been investigated in steady state and pulsed mode. Different magnets and geometries have been employed. The role of a background plasma has been investigated. Various types of instabilities have been observed such as sheath oscillations, current-driven turbulence, relaxation instabilities due to ionization, and high frequency oscillations created by sputtering impulses, which are described in more detail in companion papers. The discharge has also been operated in reactive gases and shown to be useful for sputtering applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Magnetic and Mechanical Analysis of a Large Aperture 15 T Cable Test Facility Dipole Magnet

The US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (SC), is funding a large bore “Cable Test Facility Magnet” for testing advanced cables and inserts in high transverse field. This is a joint effort between the Office of High Energy Physics (HEP) and the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (FES). The background field magnet for this facility is being developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) while the cryostat and test facility will be located and operated by Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). The Nb 3 Sn dipole magnet, which will provide the transverse background field, is designed to generate a field of 15 T in a 100 × 150 mm bore at 1.9 K. The conceptual design of a block-type dipole with flared ends and a structure based on key-and-bladder technology will be introduced. The results of the magnetic and mechanical analysis will be presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Huygens’ Metasurfaces Enabled by Magnetic Dipole Resonance Tuning in Split Dielectric Nanoresonators

Dielectric metasurfaces that exploit the different Mie resonances of nanoscale dielectric resonators are a powerful platform for manipulating electromagnetic fields and can provide novel optical behavior. Here in this work, we experimentally demonstrate independent tuning of the magnetic dipole resonances relative to the electric dipole resonances of split dielectric resonators (SDRs). By increasing the split dimension, we observe a blue shift of the magnetic dipole resonance toward the electric dipole resonance. Therefore, SDRs provide the ability to directly control the interaction between the two dipole resonances within the same resonator. For example, we achieve the first Kerker condition by spectrally overlapping the electric and magnetic dipole resonances and observe significantly suppressed backward scattering. Moreover, we show that a single SDR can be used as an optical nanoantenna that provides strong unidirectional emission from an electric dipole source.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Magnetic dipole discharges. III. Instabilities

Instabilities in a cross-field discharge around a permanent magnet have been investigated. The permanent magnet serves as a cold cathode and the chamber wall as an anode. The magnet is biased strongly negative and emits secondary electrons due to impact of energetic ions. The electrons outside the sheath are confined by the strong dipolar magnetic field and by the ion-rich sheath surrounding the magnet. The electron energy peaks in the equatorial plane where most ionization occurs and the ions are trapped in a negative potential well. The discharge mechanism is the same as that of cylindrical and planar magnetrons, but here extended to a 3-D cathode geometry using a single dipole magnet. While the basic properties of the discharge are presented in a companion paper, the present focus is on various observed instabilities. The first is an ion sheath instability which oscillates the plasma potential outside the sheath below the ion plasma frequency. It arises in ion-rich sheaths with low electron supply, which is the case for low secondary emission yields. Sheath oscillations modulate the discharge current creating oscillating magnetic fields. The second instability is current-driven ion sound turbulence due to counter-streaming electrons and ions. The fluctuations have a broad spectrum and short correlation lengths in all directions. The third type of fluctuations is spiky potential and current oscillations in high density discharges. These appear to be due to unstable emission properties of the magnetron cathode.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗