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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
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DOE OSTI2015

Exclusive photoproduction of quarkonium at the LHC energies within the color dipole approach

The exclusive photoproduction of ψ(2S) meson was investigated and the coherent and the incoherent contributions were evaluated. The light-cone dipole formalism was considered in this analysis and predictions are done for PbPb collisions at the CERN-LHC energy of 2.76 TeV. A comparison is done to the recent ALICE Collaboration data for the ψ(1S) state photoproduction with good agreement.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Model-independent Higgs coupling measurements at the LHC using the H{yields}ZZ{yields}4l lineshape

We show that combining a direct measurement of the Higgs total width from the H{yields}ZZ{yields}4l lineshape with Higgs signal rate measurements allows Higgs couplings to be extracted in a model-independent way from CERN LHC data. Using existing experimental studies with 30 fb{sup -1} at one detector of the 14 TeV LHC, we show that the couplings squared of a 190 GeV Higgs to WW, ZZ, and gg can be extracted with statistical precisions of about 10%, and a 95% confidence level upper limit on an unobserved component of the Higgs decay width of about 22% of the standard model Higgs width can be set. The method can also be applied for heavier Higgs masses.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Inclusive B-meson production at the LHC in the general-mass variable-flavor-number scheme

We calculate the next-to-leading-order cross section for the inclusive production of B mesons in pp collisions in the general-mass variable-flavor-number scheme, an approach that takes into account the finite mass of the b quarks. We use realistic evolved nonperturbative fragmentation functions obtained from fits to e{sup +}e{sup -} data and compare our results for the transverse-momentum and rapidity distributions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with recent data from the CMS Collaboration at the CERN LHC. We find good agreement, in particular, at large values of p{sub T}.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

J/{psi} Production with NRQCD: HERA, Tevatron, RHIC and LHC

We report on our recent calculation of the inclusive direct photo- and hadroproduction of the J/{psi} meson at next-to-leading order within the factorization formalism of nonrelativistic QCD. We fit the color-octet (CO) long-distance matrix elements <O{sup J}/{psi}(1S{sub 0}{sup [8]})>, <O{sup J}/{psi}(3S{sub 1}{sup [8]})> and <O{sup J}/{psi}(3P{sub 0}{sup [8]})> to the transverse momentum (p{sub T}) distributions measured by CDF at Fermilab Tevatron and by H1 at DESY HERA and show that they also successfully describe the p{sub T} distributions from PHENIX at BNL RHIC and CMS at the CERN LHC as well as the photon-proton c.m. energy and (with worse agreement) the inelasticity distributions from H1. In all experiments, the CO processes are shown to be indispensable.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Review of Microwave Schottky Beam Diagnostics

A means for non-invasive measurement of transverse and longitudinal characteristics of bunched beams in synchrotrons has been developed based on high sensitivity slotted waveguide pickups. The pickups allow for bandwidths exceeding hundreds of MHz while maintaining good beam sensitivity characteristics. Wide bandwidth is essential to allow bunch-by-bunch measurements by means of a fast gate. The Schottky detector system is installed and successfully commissioned in the Fermilab Tevatron, Recycler and CERN LHC synchrotrons. Measurement capabilities include tune, chromaticity, and momentum spread of single or multiple beam bunches in any combination. With appropriate calibrations, emittance can also be measured by integrating the area under the incoherent tune sidebands.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Search for pair-produced heavy quarks decaying to Wq in the two-lepton channel at root(s)=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for heavy-quark pair production (QQ{sup -}) under the decay hypothesis QQ{sup -} {yields} W{sup +}qW{sup -}q{sup -} with q=d, s, b for up-type Q or q=u, c for down-type Q. The search is performed with 1.04 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity from pp collisions at {radical}s = 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the CERN LHC. Dilepton final states are selected, requiring large missing transverse momentum and at least two jets. Mass reconstruction of heavy-quark candidates is performed by assuming that the W boson decay products are nearly collinear. The data are in agreement with standard model expectations; a heavy quark with mass less than 350 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Heavy quark production in photon-Pomeron interactions at high energies

The diffractive heavy quark cross sections are estimated considering photon-Pomeron interactions in hadron - hadron at RHIC, Tevatron, and CERN LHC energies. We assume the validity of the hard diffractive factorization and calculate the charm and bottom total cross sections and rapidity distributions using the diffractive parton distribution functions of the Pomeron obtained by the H1 Collaboration at DESY-HERA. Such processes are sensitive to the gluon content of the Pomeron at high energies and are a good place to constrain the behavior of this distribution. We also compare our predictions with those obtained using the dipole model, and verify that these processes are a good test of the different mechanisms for heavy quarks diffractive production at hadron colliders.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Tools for estimating fake/non-prompt lepton backgrounds with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements and searches performed with the ATLAS detector at the CERN LHC often involve signatures with one or more prompt leptons. Such analyses are subject to 'fake/non-prompt' lepton backgrounds, where either a hadron or a lepton from a hadron decay or an electron from a photon conversion satisfies the prompt-lepton selection criteria. These backgrounds often arise within a hadronic jet because of particle decays in the showering process, particle misidentification or particle interactions with the detector material. As it is challenging to model these processes with high accuracy in simulation, their estimation typically uses data-driven methods. Three methods for carrying out this estimation are described, along with their implementation in ATLAS and their performance.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2011

Angular correlations in top quark decays in standard model extensions

The CMS Collaboration at the CERN LHC has searched for the t-channel single top quark production using the spin correlation of the t-channel. The signal extraction and cross section measurement rely on the angular distribution of the charged lepton in the top quark decays, the angle between the charged lepton momentum and top spin in the top rest frame. The behavior of the angular distribution is a distinct slope for the t-channel single top (signal) while it is flat for the backgrounds. In this Brief Report, we investigate the contributions which this spin correlation may receive from a two-Higgs doublet model, a top-color assisted technicolor (TC2) and the noncommutative extension of the standard model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Study of jets produced in association with a W boson in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

We report a study of final states containing a W boson and hadronic jets, produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The data were collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN LHC and comprise the full 2010 data sample of 36 pb{sup -1}. Cross sections are determined using both the electron and muon decay modes of the W boson and are presented as a function of inclusive jet multiplicity, N{sub jet}, for up to five jets. At each multiplicity, cross sections are presented as a function of jet transverse momentum, the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of the charged lepton, missing transverse momentum, and all jets, the invariant mass spectra of jets, and the rapidity distributions of various combinations of leptons and final-state jets. The results, corrected for all detector effects and for all backgrounds such as diboson and top quark pair production, are compared with particle-level predictions from perturbative QCD. Leading-order multiparton event generators, normalized to the next-to-next-to-leading-order total cross section for inclusive W-boson production, describe the data reasonably well for all measured inclusive jet multiplicities. Next-to-leading-order calculations from MCFM, studied here for N{sub jet} {le} 2, and BlackHat-Sherpa, studied here for N{sub jet} {le} 4, are found to be mostly in good agreement with the data.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Search for the production of W±W±W events at s =13 TeV

A search for the production of events containing three W bosons predicted by the standard model is reported. The search is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb-1. The search is performed in final states with three leptons (electrons or muons), or with two same-charge leptons plus two jets. The observed (expected) significance of the signal for W±W±W production is 0.60 (1.78) standard deviations, and the ratio of the measured signal yield to that expected from the standard model is 0.34-0.34+0.62. Limits are placed on three anomalous quartic gauge couplings and on the production of massive axionlike particles.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2011

Search for Pair Production of First-Generation Scalar Leptoquarks in pp Collisions at {radical}(s)=7 TeV

A search for pair production of first-generation scalar leptoquarks is performed in the final state containing two electrons and two jets using proton-proton collision data at {radical}(s)=7 TeV. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 33 pb{sup -1} collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The number of observed events is in good agreement with the predictions for the standard model background processes, and an upper limit is set on the leptoquark pair production cross section times {beta}{sup 2} as a function of the leptoquark mass, where {beta} is the branching fraction of the leptoquark decay to an electron and a quark. A 95% confidence level lower limit is set on the mass of a first-generation scalar leptoquark at 384 GeV for {beta}=1, which is the most stringent direct limit to date.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Physics with high-luminosity proton-nucleus collisions at the LHC

The physics case for the operation of high-luminosity proton-nucleus (pA) collisions at the CERN LHC is reviewed. The collection of $\mathcal{O}$(1–10 pb −1 ) of proton-lead (pPb) collisions at the LHC will provide unique physics opportunities in a broad range of topics including proton and nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs and nPDFs), generalised parton distributions (GPDs), transverse momentum dependent PDFs (TMDs), low-x quantum chromodynamics and parton saturation, hadron spectroscopy, baseline studies for quark-gluon plasma and parton collectivity, double and triple parton scatterings, photon–photon collisions, and physics beyond the Standard Model; which are not otherwise as clearly accessible by exploiting data from any other colliding system at the LHC. This report summarises the accelerator aspects of high-luminosity pA operation at the LHC, as well as each of the physics topics outlined above, including the relevant experimental measurements that motivate much larger pA datasets than collected to date.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Numerical simulations of a proposed hollow electron beam collimator for the LHC upgrade at CERN.

In the last years the LHC collimation system has been performing over the expectations, providing the machine with a nearly perfect e cient cleaning system[1]. Nonetheless, when trying to push the existing accelerators to - and over - their design limits, all the accelerator components are required to boost their performances. In particular, in view of the high luminosity frontier for the LHC, the increased intensity would ask for a more e cient cleaning system. In this framework innovative collimation solutions are under evaluation[2]: one option is the usage of an hollow electron lens for beam halo cleaning. This work intends to study the applicability of an the hollow electron lens for the LHC collimation, by evaluating the case of the existing Tevatron e-lens applied to the nominal LHC 7 TeV beam. New e-lens operation modes are here proposed to standard enhance the electron lens halo removal e ect.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Charmonium production in fixed-target experiments with SPS and LHC beams at CERN

The possibility of measuring cross sections for the production of J/{psi} mesons in fixed-target experiments with the proton and ion beams of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Switzerland) is considered. At the present time, measurements of charmonium production in proton-proton collisions at an energy of 7 TeV have begun at LHC. Previously, the production of J/{psi} and {psi} Prime mesons was studied in the NA38, NA50, and NA60 fixed-target experiments with beams of the CERN synchrotron (SPS) and in the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA). A normal nuclear absorption of J/{psi} mesons in proton-nucleus collisions and an enhanced, anomalous, suppression of the production of charmonium states in central collisions of relativistic nuclei were observed. At the present time, there are no theoretical models that could describe the entire body of experimental data. Measurements over a broad interval of proton and ion energies are required. Measurements of charmonium production using LHC beams with fixed targets in the energy range between the SPS and RHIC energies-a beam of 7-TeV protons ({radical}s = 114.6 GeV) and a beam of 2.75-TeV/nucleon lead ions ({radical}s = 71.8 GeV)-will provide an additional possibility for studying the charmonium-production mechanism. Estimates of the geometric acceptance, luminosity, and counting rate for the production of J/{psi} mesons are presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Probing an MeV-scale scalar boson in association with a TeV-Scale top-quark partner at the LHC

Searches for new low-mass matter and mediator particles have actively been pursued at fixed target experiments and at e + e - colliders. It is challenging at the CERN LHC, but they have been searched for in Higgs boson decays and in B meson decays by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations, as well as in a low transverse momentum phenomena from forward scattering processes (e.g., FASER). We propose a search for a new scalar particle in association with a heavy vector-like quark. We consider the scenario in which the top quark (t) couples to a light scalar φ' and a heavy vector-like top quark T. We examine single and pair production of T in pp collisions, resulting in a final state with a top quark that decays purely hadronically, a T which decays semileptonically (T → W + b → ℓ ν b), and a φ' that is very boosted and decays to a pair of collimated photons which can be identified as a merged photon system. The proposed search is expected to achieve a discovery reach with signal significance greater than 5σ (3σ) for m(T) as large as 1.8 (2) TeV and m(φ') as small as 1 MeV, assuming an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb -1 . This search can expand the reach of T, and demonstrates that the LHC can probe low-mass, MeV-scale particles.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗