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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Development and Advanced Testing of DPC Cement Fillers

The fillers research and development (R&D) program, mostly experimental, is part of a broader R&D program that includes new process modeling and performance assessment of criticality effects and the overall importance of criticality to repository performance (consequence screening). A literature research and consultation effort with experts by Hardin and Brady (2018) identified several potentially effective and workable filler materials including cements (primarily phosphate based), moltenmetal alloys, and low-temperature glasses. Filler attributes were defined, and the preliminary lists were compared qualitatively. Further comparative analysis will be done (e.g., cost estimates) after experimental screening has narrowed the list of alternatives. The research presented here is focused Sandia’s efforts for the development of phosphate-based cement fillers. Molten metal filler research is an ongoing activity at Oak Ridge National Laboratories and is not discussed herein. After the completion of the FY20 research effort the following cement filler compositions were selected for further experimental development work and advanced testing in FY21: 1. Aluminum phosphate cements (APCs); more specifically aluminum oxide / aluminum phosphate (Al 2 O 3 / AlPO 4 ) cements in which Al 2 O 3 serves as the filler material bound by an AlPO 4 binder formed by the reaction of Al 2 O 3 with various phosphate sources; 2. Wollastonite phosphate cements (WPCs), specifically wollastonite and aluminum or calcium aluminum phosphates in which CaSiO 3 serves as the filler material bound by a calcium phosphate that serves as the binder; and 3. Calcium aluminate phosphate cements (CAPCs) specifically grossite (CaAl 4 O 7 ) and hibonite (CaAl 11 O 18 ) fillers bound by an aluminum phosphate that serves as the binder. This effort focused on the optimization and subsequent processing of these three cements to achieve dense and well-consolidated monolithic samples. Upon completion of the FY21 effort the aluminum phosphate cements (APCs) and the calcium aluminate phosphate cements (CAPCs) show the most promise for advanced testing and scale up. We will begin the work in FY22 focused on testing the performance of these two cements in small scale DPCs as well as advanced materials testing to evaluate cement performance under expected radiation doses and representative post-closure geochemical environments.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Comparisons Between Array Derived Dynamic Strain Rate (ADDS) and Fiber‐Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Strain Rate

Abstract Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) strain rate and particle velocity can be compared through approximate scaling with medium velocity. We instead performed a direct comparison between array derived dynamic strain (ADDS) rate and DAS strain rate for six frequency bands. The PoroTomo project at Brady's Hot Springs, Nevada, deployed a 240‐geophone 3C array co‐located with fiber‐optic DAS system and 8.7 km of buried cable. We selected subsets of the geophone array to create four smaller arrays and computed ADDS. The horizontal components of the ADDS were rotated into the direction of the fiber‐optic cable and then compared with the observed DAS strain rates. From three example regional earthquakes of local magnitudes 2.9, 4.1, and 4.3, the ADDS are found to be coherent with DAS for frequencies ≤1 Hz. For frequencies >1‐Hz, this correlation decays quickly. Small differences between linear and areal dynamic strains at 1‐Hz suggest poor signal‐to‐noise or localized strain that is perturbed by shallow heterogeneities compare to the average strain propagating across the geophone array. The implication is that around 1‐Hz, straight fiber DAS is measuring axial strain along the fiber and can provide good approximations to translational particle motions. However, above 1‐Hz, DAS becomes more sensitive to shallow velocity gradients that can be beneficial for geophysical imaging yet becomes a limitation for traditional seismic analysis methods depending on absolute amplitude and phase from translational particle motions.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

geothermal_osr (Energy Predictor for Geothermal Open Source Reservoir) [SWR-22-23]

This is a repository with the tools developed for predicting energy produced at Open-Source Reservoir (OSR). It includes both simulation data for OSR, as well as Jupyter notebooks for training and evaluating prediction models. OSR was constructed based on the data from Brady Hot Springs reservoir (Nevada, USA) but has a number of sufficiently modified characteristics and does not disclose any sensitive data.

Duplyakin, Dmitry↗
DOE OSTI2021

Sentinel-1 Input Data for PSInSAR Analysis

Files used to perform the Persistent Scatterer InSAR analysis with SARPROZ. The data is sourced from ESAs Sentinel-1 project and covers Brady Hot Springs and Desert Peak geothermal areas. The original titles are included for the Sentinel-1 data. The naming guide is included as a link in this submission. The data contains SAR (Radar) data from the Sentinel 1A satellite between July 2017 and December 2019. The data is necessary to replicate our results, and can be used for further PSInSAR, DInSAR and other modern interferometric analyses to determine line of sight, vertical and, possibly, East-West horizontal displacement. These displacement analysis show the soil deformation in time (including average displacement velocity), which can be used to indicate subsoil phenomena: temperature changes, subsidence, uplift, and inform other analyses like seismicity and porosity.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

DPC Cement Filler Development (Progress Report)

The fillers research and development (R&D) program, mostly experimental, is part of a broader R&D program that includes new process modeling and performance assessment of criticality effects and the overall importance of criticality to repository performance (consequence screening). A literature research and consultation effort with experts by Hardin and Brady (2018) identified several potentially effective and workable filler materials including cements (primarily phosphate based), moltenmetal alloys, and low-temperature glasses. Filler attributes were defined, and the preliminary lists were compared qualitatively. Further comparative analysis will be done (e.g., cost estimates) after experimental screening has narrowed the list of alternatives. The following cement filler compositions were selected for experimental development work and accelerated testing in FY20: Aluminum phosphate cements (APCs); more specifically aluminum oxide / aluminum phosphate (Al 2 O 3 / AlPO 4 ) cements in which Al 2 O 3 serves as the filler material bound by an AlPO 4 binder formed by the reaction of Al 2 O 3 with H 3 PO 4 ; Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs); more specifically composed of pure or nearly pure hydroxyapatite or HAP (Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH)); Wollastonite phosphate cements (WPC), specifically wollastonite and aluminum or calcium aluminum phosphates in which CaSiO 3 serves as the filler material and the phosphate serves as the binder. The FY20 effort focused on the optimization of compositions and subsequent processing of these three materials to achieve dense and well-consolidated monolithic samples with 30 to 40% porosity and permeabilities of 1 millidarcy. At the close of this progress report the aluminum phosphate cements (APCs) and the wollastonite phosphate cements (WPCs) appear to show the most promise for continued development. Less progress has been made with the calcium phosphate cements (CPCs); their slurry viscosities are high (and difficult to measure) and they exhibit relatively short cure times of 2 to 3 hours with concomitant and excessive volatile (e.g. CO 2 ) generation.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

SQMS Quantum R&D in Machine Learning, Optimization and Sensing beyond Fundamental Physics Applications

This newly formed team at SQMS under the Ecosystem Thrust is looking to develop capabilities impacting societal advances outside the core domain of HEP and condensed matter physics. We explicitly leverage the experimental and algorithmic innovations developed across all groups as well as connect to broad-scope external projects of the diverse team of PIs. As the inaugural set of projects, we are studying numerically quantum machine learning models inspired by efficiently trainable echo-state and orthogonal neural networks and developing designs for related experiments to be performed on quantum processors based on SQMS SRF cQED technology and Rigetti s transmon arrays. Investigated models exploit ideas and lessons learned from multiple prior work by SQMS team members in a variety of internal and external activities [R1]. Target initial applications include noisy signal processing, potentially captured by quantum sensors or noisy QPUs, as well as simulation and classification of healthcare data. For instance, image reconstruction of the brain s electrical properties by solving the inverse Maxwell equation problem with uncertainty [R2] through a hybrid quantum-classical physics-informed architecture for time-dependent processes [R3]. The group is also investigating the application and development of novel quantum sensors based on magnetic levitation of a superconducting sphere coupled to a superconducting qubit. This coupling enables high-precision measurements of the position of the sphere, which can be used for sensitive detection of forces, enabling practical applications such as gravimetry for geophysics analysis, or accelerometry for GPS-denied navigation [R4] [R1] Rieffel, Eleanor G., Ata Akbari Asanjan, M. Sohaib Alam, Namit Anand, David E. Bernal Neira, Sophie Block, Lucas T. Brady et al. "Assessing and advancing the potential of quantum computing: A NASA case study." Future Generation Computer Systems (2024). [R2] Yu, X., Serrall s, J.E., Giannakopoulos, I.I., Liu, Z., Daniel, L., Lattanzi, R. and Zhang, Z., 2023. Pifon-ept: Mr-based electrical property tomography using physics-informed fourier networks. IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques. [R3] Wudarski, Filip, Daniel OConnor, Shaun Geaney, Ata Akbari Asanjan, Max Wilson, Elena Strbac, P. Aaron Lott, and Davide Venturelli. "Hybrid quantum-classical reservoir computing for simulating chaotic systems." arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.14105 (2023). [R4] Higgins, Gerard, Saarik Kalia, and Zhen Liu. "Maglev for dark matter: Dark-photon and axion dark matter sensing with levitated superconductors." Physical Review D 109.5 (2024): 055024.

Venturelli, Davide↗
NASA NTRS1972

The case against Planet X.

The dynamical consequences of the hypothetical trans-Plutonian planet suggested by Brady (1972) are considered. It is concluded that the combination of large mass and unusual orbital inclination would have two serious effects on the solar system. The angle between the solar axis and the normal to the ecliptic would suffer large variations with a period of a few times ten million years, and the coplanar configuration of the outer solar system would be disrupted on a time scale of 1 m.y. The large residuals in the orbit of Halley's comet which prompted the suggestion of a trans-Plutonian planet can be explained in terms of nongravitation forces and the weak orbital binding energy of this object.

Goldreich, P.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Pathogenesis of sudden death following water immersion (immersion syndrome)

Sympathetic activity under cold stress is investigated. Predominantly vagal cardio-depressive reflexes are discussed besides currently known mechanisms of sudden death after water immersion. Pronounced circulatory centralization in diving animals as well as following exposure in cold water indicates additional sympathetic activity. In cold water baths of 15 C, measurements indicate an increase in plasma catecholamine levels by more than 300 percent. This may lead to cardiac arrhythmias by the following mechanisms: cold water essentially induces sinus bradycardia; brady-and tachycardiarrhythmias may supervene as secondary complications; sinusbradycardia may be enhanced by sympathetic hypertonus. Furthermore, ectopic dysrhythmias are liable to be induced by the strictly sympathetic innervation of the ventricle. Myocardial ischemia following a rise in peripheral blood pressure constitutes another arrhythmogenic factor. Some of these reactions are enhanced by alcohol intoxication.

Buhring, M.↗
NASA NTRS1981

The natural history of Halley's comet

The 1986 apparition of Halley's comet will be the subject of numerous space probes, planned to determine the chemical nature and physical structure of comet nuclei, atmospheres, and ionospheres, as well as comet tails. The problems of cometary origin remain inconclusive, with theories ranging from a purely interstellar origin to their being ejecta from the Galilean satellites of Jupiter. Comets can be grouped into one of two classes, depending on their periodicity, and statistical mechanics of the entire Jovian family of comets can be examined under the equilibrium hypothesis. Comet anatomy estimations have been determined, and there is speculation that comet chemistry may have been a factor in the origin of life on earth. Halley's comet was first noted using Newton's dynamical methods, and Brady (1972) attempted to use the comet as a gravitational probe in search of a trans-Plutonian planet. Halley's orbit is calculated by combination of ancient observations and modern scientific methods.

Mclaughlin, W. I.↗
NASA NTRS1996

STS-78 Flight Day 3

On this third day of the STS-78 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Terence T. Henricks, Pilot Kevin R. Kregel, Payload Cmdr. Susan J. Helms, Mission Specialists Richard M. Linnehan, Charles E. Brady, Jr., and Payload Specialists Jean-Jacques Favier, Ph.D. and Robert B. Thirsk, M.D., are shown performing human physiology tests that include the Direct Measurement of the Initial Bone Response to Space Flight. Various members of the crew can be seen exercising on the bicycle ergometer cardiovascular system.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1996

STS-78 Flight Day 14

On this fourteenth day of the STS-78 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Terence T. Henricks, Pilot Kevin R. Kregel, Payload Cmdr. Susan J. Helms, Mission Specialists Richard M. Linnehan, Charles E. Brady, Jr., and Payload Specialists Jean-Jacques Favier, Ph.D. and Robert B. Thirsk, M.D., are shown communicating with two cosmonauts and fellow astronaut Shannon Lucid on Russia's Space Station Mir. During this communication link the two crews participate in a special event surrounding the celebration of the Olympics, including a conversation with Billy Payne, a member of the Atlanta Olympic Organizing Committee. Payne congratulated the crews of Mir and Columbia.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1996

STS-78 Flight Day 13

On this thirteenth day of the STS-78 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Terence T. Henricks, Pilot Kevin R. Kregel, Payload Cmdr. Susan J. Helms, Mission Specialists Richard M. Linnehan, Charles E. Brady, Jr., and Payload Specialists Jean-Jacques Favier, Ph.D. and Robert B. Thirsk, M.D., begin another day of scientific investigations on board Columbia as the Life and Microgravity Spacelab mission continues its endurance record. The seven crew members continue supporting a variety of experiments investigating the effects of microgravity on the human body. Studies looking at muscle strength and energy expenditure and pulmonary function continue throughout the day, as well as the processing of advanced semiconductor materials and alloys in the Advanced Gradient Heating Facility. In an interview with the NBC News, Mission Commander Tom Henricks is shown discussing Columbia's flight and the varied experiments that are being conducted on board. Crew members are shown participating in tests that measure their performance.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1996

STS-78 Flight Day 11

On this eleventh day of the STS-78 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Terence T. Henricks, Pilot Kevin R. Kregel, Payload Cmdr. Susan J. Helms, Mission Specialists Richard M. Linnehan, Charles E. Brady, Jr., and Payload Specialists Jean-Jacques Favier, Ph.D. and Robert B. Thirsk, M.D., are shown conducting a news conference to discuss the progress of the international mission with media from the United States, Canada and Europe. During the press conference, the crew explained the relevance of the experiments conducted aboard the Life Sciences and Microgravity mission, and praised support crews and researchers on Earth who are involved in the mission. Payload Specialist Dr. Robert Thirsk told Canadian journalists of how the research will not only benefit astronauts as they conduct long-term space missions, but also people on Earth. Some of the research will aid studies on osteoporosis and the effects steroids have on bones, and also may help doctors on Earth develop treatments for muscle diseases like muscular dystrophy, Thirsk told reporters in Toronto.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1996

STS-78 Flight Day 7

On this seventh day of the STS-78 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Terence T. Henricks, Pilot Kevin R. Kregel, Payload Cmdr. Susan J. Helms, Mission Specialists Richard M. Linnehan, Charles E. Brady, Jr., and Payload Specialists Jean-Jacques Favier, Ph.D. and Robert B. Thirsk, M.D., continue as test subjects in a series of investigations that seek to understand the effects of microgravity on the human musculoskeletal system. As they approach the half-way mark of a possible record-setting Space Shuttle mission, the crew of Columbia continues its full schedule of life science and microgravity experiments.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1996

STS-78 Flight Day 6

On this sixth day of the STS-78 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Terence T. Henricks, Pilot Kevin R. Kregel, Payload Cmdr. Susan J. Helms, Mission Specialists Richard M. Linnehan, Charles E. Brady, Jr., and Payload Specialists Jean-Jacques Favier, Ph.D. and Robert B. Thirsk, M.D., are shown performing status checks on the life and microgravity experiments and conducting a brief maintenance procedure to correct an electrical circuit problem in the Bubble Drop Particle Unit. On this day, the crew is given four hours off to relax after five days of work with the life and microgravity science investigation being conducted on board.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1996

STS-78 Flight Day 9

On this ninth day of the STS-78 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Terence T. Henricks, Pilot Kevin R. Kregel, Payload Cmdr. Susan J. Helms, Mission Specialists Richard M. Linnehan, Charles E. Brady, Jr., and Payload Specialists Jean-Jacques Favier, Ph.D. and Robert B. Thirsk, M.D., continue to serve as test subjects for a host of human health and microgravity investigations. The tests concentrate on measurements of lung capacity and muscle strength. In addition, the crew is shown continuing to operate and maintain the experiment equipment.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1996

STS-78 Flight Day 4

On this fourth day of the STS-78 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Terence T. Henricks, Pilot Kevin R. Kregel, Payload Cmdr. Susan J. Helms, Mission Specialists Richard M. Linnehan, Charles E. Brady, Jr., and Payload Specialists Jean-Jacques Favier, Ph.D. and Robert B. Thirsk, M.D., discuss the flight during an interview with the Cable News Network (CNN). The crew then continues research concentrated on the Torque Velocity Dynamometer measurements of leg and arm muscle power, the Astronaut Lung Function Experiment, and effects of microgravity exercise with the bicycle ergometer and its associated instruments.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1996

STS-78 Flight Day 15

On this fifteenth day of the STS-78 mission, the 4th of July, Cmdr. Terence T. Henricks, Pilot Kevin R. Kregel, Payload Cmdr. Susan J. Helms, Mission Specialists Richard M. Linnehan, Charles E. Brady, Jr., and Payload Specialists Jean-Jacques Favier, Ph.D. and Robert B. Thirsk, M.D., are awakened with Bruce Springsteen's 'Born in the USA' and Lee Greenwood's 'I'm Proud to be an American' to begin another a day on orbit. Mission Commander Tom Henricks responded to Mission Control's wake up call by saying that the five US-born crew members were very proud to be Americans, particularly on the day America celebrates its 220th anniversary. Work in the Spacelab module will continue with investigations into the effects of microgravity on muscle strength and endurance, lung function, and adaptation of the neurovestibular system to a microgravity environment. Henricks and Pilot Kevin Kregel will complete work with a laptop computer designed to test the crew's critical thinking skills and reaction time. They also will test a voice control system that allows them to reposition Columbia's closed-circuit television cameras with verbal cues, keeping their hands free to perform other tasks.

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