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44 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Inhibition of USP7 activity selectively eliminates senescent cells in part via restoration of p53 activity

The accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) is a causal factor of various age-related diseases as well as some of the side effects of chemotherapy. Pharmacological elimination of SnCs (senolysis) has the potential to be developed into novel therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases and pathological conditions. Here we show that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 7 (USP7) is a novel target for senolysis because inhibition of USP7 with an inhibitor or genetic depletion of USP7 by RNA interference induces apoptosis selectively in SnCs. The senolytic activity of USP7 inhibitors is likely attributable in part to the promotion of the human homolog of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) ubiquitination and degradation by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. This degradation increases the levels of p53, which in turn induces the pro-apoptotic proteins PUMA, NOXA, and FAS and inhibits the interaction of BCL-XL and BAK to selectively induce apoptosis in SnCs. Further, we show that treatment with a USP7 inhibitor can effectively eliminate SnCs and suppress the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) induced by doxorubicin in mice. These findings suggest that small molecule USP7 inhibitors are novel senolytics that can be exploited to reduce chemotherapy-induced toxicities and treat age-related diseases.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Hole in one: Pathways to deterministic single-acceptor incorporation in Si(100)-2 x 1

We report that stochastic incorporation kinetics can be a limiting factor in the scalability of semiconductor fabrication technologies using atomic-precision techniques. While these technologies have recently been extended from donors to acceptors, the extent to which kinetics will impact single-acceptor incorporation has yet to be assessed. To identify the precursor molecule and dosing conditions that are promising for deterministic incorporation, we develop and apply an atomistic model for the single-acceptor incorporation rates of several recently demonstrated molecules: diborane (B 2 H 6 ), boron trichloride (BCl 3 ), and aluminum trichloride in both monomer (AlCl 3 ) and dimer forms (Al 2 Cl 6 ). While all three precursors can realize single-acceptor incorporation, we predict that diborane is unlikely to realize deterministic incorporation, boron trichloride can realize deterministic incorporation with modest heating (50 °C), and aluminum trichloride can realize deterministic incorporation at room temperature. We conclude that both boron and aluminum trichloride are promising precursors for atomic-precision single-acceptor applications, with the potential to enable the reliable production of large arrays of single-atom quantum devices.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Protective Effect of Phloretin against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage by Enhancing Autophagic Flux in DF-1 Cells

Phloretin (PHL) is a dihydrochalcone flavonoid isolated from the peel and root bark of apples, strawberries, and other plants with antioxidative characteristic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect and the potential mechanism of PHL on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in DF-1 cells. The results showed that PHL exhibited no cytotoxic effect on DF-1 cells at concentration below 20 μM. PHL markedly increased H2O2-reduced cell viability, decreased H2O2-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by reduced apoptosis rate, the upregulation of gene and protein level of Bcl-2, and the downregulation of gene and protein level of Bax and Cleaved caspase3. In addition, PHL reduced H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and restored antioxidant enzymes activities as well as mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, PHL prior to H2O2 further increased LC3-II level, promoted p62 turnover and improved lysosomal function. Importantly, autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) reversed the protective effect of PHL, and increased H2O2-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, PHL inhibited the phosphorylation levels of ERK, p38, and JNK. Collectively, these results indicate that PHL could attenuate H2O2-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis by maintaining lysosomal function and promoting autophagic flux, and MAPKs pathway may be involved in this process. Our study provides evidence that PHL could as a new strategy to against oxidative damage in poultry industry.

Song, Dan↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiB6S4(Cl3O4)2 by Materials Project

Li(SO2)4(BCl)6 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of twelve chloroborane molecules and one Li(SO2)4 cluster. In the Li(SO2)4 cluster, Li1+ is bonded in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.28 Å. There are four inequivalent S+0.75+ sites. In the first S+0.75+ site, S+0.75+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both S–O bond lengths are 1.45 Å. In the second S+0.75+ site, S+0.75+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.45 Å) and one longer (1.46 Å) S–O bond length. In the third S+0.75+ site, S+0.75+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both S–O bond lengths are 1.45 Å. In the fourth S+0.75+ site, S+0.75+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both S–O bond lengths are 1.45 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Li1+ and one S+0.75+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one S+0.75+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one S+0.75+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S+0.75+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one S+0.75+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S+0.75+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one S+0.75+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S+0.75+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on AlB6H6(CCl3)2 by Materials Project

AlB2H6(CCl)2(BCl)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of sixteen chloroborane molecules and four AlB2H6(CCl)2 clusters. In each AlB2H6(CCl)2 cluster, Al3+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal pyramidal geometry to two C+3.50- and two Cl1- atoms. Both Al–C bond lengths are 1.95 Å. There are one shorter (2.47 Å) and one longer (2.52 Å) Al–Cl bond lengths. There are two inequivalent B1+ sites. In the first B1+ site, B1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.83 Å. In the second B1+ site, B1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.83 Å. There are two inequivalent C+3.50- sites. In the first C+3.50- site, C+3.50- is bonded to one Al3+ and three H+0.67+ atoms to form corner-sharing CAlH3 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.09 Å) and two longer (1.10 Å) C–H bond length. In the second C+3.50- site, C+3.50- is bonded to one Al3+ and three H+0.67+ atoms to form corner-sharing CAlH3 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.09 Å) and two longer (1.10 Å) C–H bond length. There are six inequivalent H+0.67+ sites. In the first H+0.67+ site, H+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+3.50- atom. In the second H+0.67+ site, H+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+3.50- atom. In the third H+0.67+ site, H+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+3.50- atom. In the fourth H+0.67+ site, H+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+3.50- atom. In the fifth H+0.67+ site, H+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+3.50- atom. In the sixth H+0.67+ site, H+0.67+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+3.50- atom. There are two inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Al3+ and one B1+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Al3+ and one B1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on B11H2CCl11 by Materials Project

B5CHCl5(BCl)4B2HCl2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of sixteen chloroborane molecules, four B2HCl2 clusters, and four B5CHCl5 clusters. In two of the B2HCl2 clusters, there are two inequivalent B+1.36+ sites. In the first B+1.36+ site, B+1.36+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.85 Å. In the second B+1.36+ site, B+1.36+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.84 Å. H is bonded in a linear geometry to two Cl1- atoms. There is one shorter (1.53 Å) and one longer (1.65 Å) H–Cl bond length. There are two inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one B+1.36+ and one H atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one B+1.36+ and one H atom. In two of the B2HCl2 clusters, there are two inequivalent B+1.36+ sites. In the first B+1.36+ site, B+1.36+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.85 Å. In the second B+1.36+ site, B+1.36+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.84 Å. H is bonded in a linear geometry to two Cl1- atoms. There is one shorter (1.59 Å) and one longer (1.60 Å) H–Cl bond length. There are two inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one B+1.36+ and one H atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one B+1.36+ and one H atom. In two of the B5CHCl5 clusters, there are five inequivalent B+1.36+ sites. In the first B+1.36+ site, B+1.36+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4- and one Cl1- atom. The B–C bond length is 1.71 Å. The B–Cl bond length is 1.76 Å. In the second B+1.36+ site, B+1.36+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4- and one Cl1- atom. The B–C bond length is 1.72 Å. The B–Cl bond length is 1.77 Å. In the third B+1.36+ site, B+1.36+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4- and one Cl1- atom. The B–C bond length is 1.72 Å. The B–Cl bond length is 1.76 Å. In the fourth B+1.36+ site, B+1.36+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4- and one Cl1- atom. The B–C bond length is 1.71 Å. The B–Cl bond length is 1.76 Å. In the fifth B+1.36+ site, B+1.36+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4- and one Cl1- atom. The B–C bond length is 1.73 Å. The B–Cl bond length is 1.76 Å. C4- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to five B+1.36+ and one H atom. The C–H bond length is 1.09 Å. H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4- atom. There are five inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B+1.36+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B+1.36+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B+1.36+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B+1.36+ atom. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B+1.36+ atom. In two of the B5CHCl5 clusters, there are five inequivalent B+1.36+ sites. In the first B+1.36+ site, B+1.36+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4- and one Cl1- atom. The B–C bond length is 1.73 Å. The B–Cl bond length is 1.76 Å. In the second B+1.36+ site, B+1.36+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4- and one Cl1- atom. The B–C bond length is 1.71 Å. The B–Cl bond length is 1.76 Å. In the third B+1.36+ site, B+1.36+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4- and one Cl1- atom. The B–C bond length is 1.72 Å. The B–Cl bond length is 1.77 Å. In the fourth B+1.36+ site, B+1.36+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4- and one Cl1- atom. The B–C bond length is 1.72 Å. The B–Cl bond length is 1.76 Å. In the fifth B+1.36+ site, B+1.36+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one C4- and one Cl1- atom. The B–C bond length is 1.71 Å. The B–Cl bond length is 1.76 Å. C4- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to five B+1.36+ and one H atom. The C–H bond length is 1.09 Å. H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4- atom. There are five inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B+1.36+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B+1.36+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B+1.36+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B+1.36+ atom. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one B+1.36+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on KB6S4(Cl3O4)2 by Materials Project

KB3S4O8Cl3(BCl)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of twelve chloroborane molecules and two KB3S4O8Cl3 ribbons oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In each KB3S4O8Cl3 ribbon, K1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.82–2.99 Å. There are a spread of K–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.43–3.57 Å. There are three inequivalent B3+ sites. In the first B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.81 Å. In the second B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.80 Å. In the third B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The B–Cl bond length is 1.80 Å. There are four inequivalent S+0.75+ sites. In the first S+0.75+ site, S+0.75+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both S–O bond lengths are 1.45 Å. In the second S+0.75+ site, S+0.75+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both S–O bond lengths are 1.45 Å. In the third S+0.75+ site, S+0.75+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both S–O bond lengths are 1.45 Å. In the fourth S+0.75+ site, S+0.75+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both S–O bond lengths are 1.45 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S+0.75+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one K1+ and one S+0.75+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S+0.75+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one K1+ and one S+0.75+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S+0.75+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S+0.75+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S+0.75+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S+0.75+ atom. There are three inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one B3+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one B3+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one B3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Variations to the z-Expansion of the Form Factor Describing the Decay of B Mesons

We examine the decay rate of the particle decay B 0 → D -ℓ +νℓ using data collected from the Belle Collaboration. We studied three parameterizations of the form factor which describe the differential decay rate, the Caprini, Lellouch, and Neubert (CLN) parametrization, the Boyd, Grinstein, and Lebed (BGL) parametrization, and the Bourrely, Caprini, and Lellouch (BCL) parameterization. The form factor is a function of the hadronic recoil variable w, and each parameterization contains unique free parameters which are the focus of this work. We test the extrapolations of the form factor by fitting many different subsets of the low w data and then compare the prediction of the fit to the high w data using a χ 2 -metric. By only fitting the low w data we are able to examine the stability of extrapolations which will be informative for lattice simulations.

Simons, Daniel↗