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Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan Middle DP Road Recovery Effort, June 26, 2020
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued a final 2017 Construction General Permit (CGP) that covers discharges of stormwater from construction sites. The 2017 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit for Storm Water Discharges from Construction Activity (Appendix D) includes the following requirements:(1) conduct a critical habitat and threatened/endangered species study; (2) develop and implement a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) in accordance with good engineering practices; (3) submit a Notice of Intent (NOI); (4) install and maintain erosion and stormwater controls; (5) perform and document storm water inspections during construction and site stabilization; (6) amend the SWPPP as necessary; and (7) submit a Notice of Termination (NOT) following project completion and final stabilization of disturbed areas. Authorization to discharge storm water is required under this Permit for both large and small construction projects disturbing more than one (1) acre or part of a larger common plan of development that collectively disturbs more than one (1) acre. All parties that meet the definition of Operator must be permitted. Each permittee is not required to develop and implement a separate SWPP Plan. It is required that there be at least one SWPP Plan for a site that incorporates the required elements for all Operators. The 2017 CGP number for New Mexico (Region 6) is NMR100000. This Plan, which has been developed for Triad National Security, LLC (Triad), describes the nature and sequencing of construction activities, potential sources of pollution, and identifies the Best Management Practices (BMPs) to minimize the potential for erosion and storm water pollution. The Plan was developed in accordance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. § §1251 et seq., as amended by the Water Quality Act of 1987, P.L. 100-4), and the regulations established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permits for Storm Water Discharges From Construction Activities.
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan Middle DP Road Recovery Effort, June 26, 2020 (Copy for Informational Puproses Only)
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued a final 2017 Construction General Permit (CGP) that covers discharges of stormwater from construction sites. The 2017 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit for Storm Water Discharges from Construction Activity (Appendix D) includes the following requirements: (1) conduct a critical habitat and threatened/endangered species study; (2) develop and implement a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) in accordance with good engineering practices; (3) submit a Notice of Intent (NOI); (4) install and maintain erosion and stormwater controls; (5) perform and document storm water inspections during construction and site stabilization; (6) amend the SWPPP as necessary; and (7) submit a Notice of Termination (NOT) following project completion and final stabilization of disturbed areas. Authorization to discharge storm water is required under this Permit for both large and small construction projects disturbing more than one (1) acre or part of a larger common plan of development that collectively disturbs more than one (1) acre. All parties that meet the definition of Operator must be permitted. Each permittee is not required to develop and implement a separate SWPP Plan. It is required that there be at least one SWPP Plan for a site that incorporates the required elements for all Operators. The 2017 CGP number for New Mexico (Region 6) is NMR100000. This Plan, which has been developed for Triad National Security, LLC (Triad), describes the nature and sequencing of construction activities, potential sources of pollution, and identifies the Best Management Practices (BMPs) to minimize the potential for erosion and storm water pollution. The Plan was developed in accordance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. § §1251 et seq., as amended by the Water Quality Act of 1987, P.L. 100-4), and the regulations established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permits for Storm Water Discharges From Construction Activities.
Advantages of Superconducting Device using 26 MgB2 Wire
Superconducting undulator (SCU) which can run at higher temperature than 4 Kelvin range has been anticipated for a long time. However, the performance of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tapes have not improved over the last decade as the industry mostly concentrates on the cost reduction. Magnesium Diboride (MgB2) has a critical temperature of 39 K and the 1 st generation (1G) wire has been in production but it was not sufficient to be used in SCU. Recently the 2 nd generation (2G) wire has been developed. It is estimated to give a similar performance as NbTi wire at 20K. In this paper the advantages of a SCU with 2G MgB2 wire compared to a conventional SCU with NbTi or Nb3Sn3 wire.
Double cylinder shot day at OMEGA (CylDRT22B) May 26 2022 [Slides]
Goal for shot day: observe convergence and growth of pre-seeded perturbations on the inner cylinder, the outer surface of which is classically Rayleigh-Taylor unstable during the acceleration phase.
MARSAME Radiological Release Report for Metal Items from Technical Area 53, Set 26
Environmental Protection and Compliance, Environmental Stewardship Group (EPC-ES) has evaluated the survey results for metal items from the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) at Technical Area 53 (TA-53) and found that the metal items described in Table 1 of this report (identified by Radiation Protection [RP] Tracking Numbers) meet the criteria for unrestricted release under Department of Energy (DOE) Order 458.1 Chg 4, Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment (DOE 2020) and can be recycled. This conclusion is based on the known history of the metal items and radiation survey data. None of the items in this report are located within radiological areas. Therefore, the items are considered unencumbered and are not subject to the moratorium suspension on metal recycling from DOE facilities. Additionally, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has determined that there is no practical opportunity for internal DOE reuse of this metal. Process knowledge indicates that these metal items were unlikely to ever be in direct contact with the beam and thus are unlikely to have become activated. Surface contamination measurements (both total and removable) showed either no detectable radioactivity or activity levels within the range of background. All measurements for volumetric contamination were indistinguishable from background based on calculated decision limits. Additionally, all gamma isotopic surveys conducted for defense-in depth showed no identifiable gamma radiation from beam activation.
Quality assurance and quality control of the $26~\text {m}^2$ SiPM production for the DarkSide-20k dark matter experiment
DarkSide-20k is a novel liquid argon dark matter detector currently under construction at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) that will push the sensitivity for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) detection into the neutrino fog. The core of the apparatus is a dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC), filled with 50 tonnes of low radioactivity underground argon (UAr) acting as the WIMP target. NUV-HD-cryo Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM)s designed by Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) (Trento, Italy) were selected as the photon sensors covering two $10.5~\text {m}^2$ Optical Planes, one at each end of the TPC, and a total of $5~\text {m}^2$ photosensitive surface for the liquid argon veto detectors. This paper describes the Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) plan and procedures accompanying the production of FBK NUV-HD-cryo SiPM wafers manufactured by LFoundry s.r.l. (Avezzano, AQ, Italy). SiPM characteristics are measured at 77 K at the wafer level with a custom-designed probe station. As of March 2025, 1314 of the 1400 production wafers (94% of the total) for DarkSide-20k were tested. The wafer yield is $93.2\pm 2.5$%, which exceeds the 80% specification defined in the original DarkSide-20k production plan.
Antarctic permafrost processes and antiphase dynamics of cold-based glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys inferred from 10 Be and 26 Al cosmogenic nuclides
Abstract. Soil and sediment mixing and associated permafrost processes are not widely studied or understood in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. In this study, we investigate the stability and depositional history of near-surface permafrost sediments to ∼ 3 m depth in the Pearse and lower Wright valleys using measured cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al depth profiles. In Pearse Valley, we estimate a minimum depositional age of ∼ 74 ka for the active layer and paleoactive-layer sediments (< 0.65 m). Combined depth profile modelling of 10Be and 26Al gives a depositional age for near-surface (< 1.65 m) permafrost in Pearse Valley of 180 +20/-40 ka, implying that the deposition of permafrost sediments predates MIS 5 advances of Taylor Glacier. Deeper permafrost sediments (> 2.09 m) in Pearse Valley are thus inferred to have a depositional age of > 180 ka. At a coastal, lower-elevation site in neighbouring lower Wright Valley, 10Be and 26Al depth profiles from a second permafrost core exhibit near-constant concentrations with depth and indicate the sediments are either vertically mixed after deposition or sufficiently young so that post-depositional nuclide production is negligible relative to inheritance. 26Al/10Be concentration ratios for both depth profiles range between 4.0 and 5.2 and are all lower than the nominal surface production rate ratio of 6.75, indicating that prior to deposition, these sediments experienced complex, yet similar, exposure–burial histories. Assuming a single-cycle exposure–burial scenario, the observed 26Al/10Be ratios are equivalent to a total minimum exposure–burial history of ∼ 1.2 Myr. In proximity to the depth profile core site, we measured cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in three granite cobbles from thin, patchy drift (Taylor 2 Drift) in Pearse Valley to constrain the timing of retreat of Taylor Glacier. Assuming simple continuous exposure, our minimum, zero-erosion exposure ages suggest Taylor Glacier partially retreated from Pearse Valley no later than 65–74 ka. The timing of retreat after 65 ka and until the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) when Taylor Glacier was at a minimum position remains unresolved. The surface cobble ages and permafrost processes reveal Taylor Glacier advances during MIS 5 were non-erosive or mildly erosive, preserving the underlying permafrost sediments and peppering boulders and cobbles upon an older, relict surface. Our results are consistent with U/Th ages from central Taylor Valley and suggest changes in moisture delivery over Taylor Dome during MIS 5e, 5c, and 5a appear to be associated with the extent of the Ross Ice Shelf and sea ice in the Ross Sea. These data provide further evidence of antiphase behaviour through retreat of a peripheral lobe of Taylor Glacier in Pearse Valley, a region that was glaciated during MIS 5. We suggest a causal relationship of cold-based glacier advance and retreat that is controlled by an increase in moisture availability during retreat of sea ice and perhaps the Ross Ice Shelf, as well as, conversely, a decrease during times of sea ice and Ross Ice Shelf expansion in the Ross Sea.
Phase I Final Technical Report Topic 26 Technologies for characterizing and monitoring complex subsurface systems including the rhizosphere subtopic A: Real-Time, In-situ Measurements of Hydro-biogeochemical and Microbial Processes in Watersheds and Subsurface Systems
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Panel Session 26: Risk-Based Approaches to Environmental Remediation and Adaptive Site Management
This panel discussed the needs and importance of developing risk-based approaches to environmental remediation that will enable complex sites to be adaptively managed by applying cost-effective remedies that are protective of human health and the environment. The discussion emphasized risk-based approaches within decision processes and subsequent incorporation into regulatory decision documents. Remedy approaches, remediation exit strategies, and long-term monitoring plans that support risk-based end-states for difficult-to-remediate sites were discussed Panelists with presentations: Risk-Informed Approaches to Environmental Remediation and Adaptive Site Management (Vicky Freedman); ITRC Adaptive Site Management Perspective (Michael Truex); Optimization During Operations and Maintenance Phase at the Hanford Site 200-ZP-1 Groundwater Operable Unit (Emerald Laija, Kate Amrhein, Michael Truex); Adaptive Management: EPA Overview (Benjamin Simes); Decommissioning and Environmental Remediation Section Division of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology (Horst Monken Fernandes)
Materials Data on Li3MnO3 by Materials Project
Li3MnO3 is Ilmenite-like structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are thirty-six inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–65°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.04 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–56°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.03 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–56°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.07 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–57°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.06 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–56°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.05 Å. In the sixth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–55°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.07 Å. In the seventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–56°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.03 Å. In the eighth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–65°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.04 Å. In the ninth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–55°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.06 Å. In the tenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 25–56°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.05 Å. In the eleventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–65°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.04 Å. In the twelfth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–55°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.03 Å. In the thirteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–57°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.04 Å. In the fourteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–57°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.06 Å. In the fifteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–56°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.03 Å. In the sixteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 25–56°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.03 Å. In the seventeenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–55°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.07 Å. In the eighteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–58°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.05 Å. In the nineteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–56°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.03 Å. In the twentieth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–58°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.05 Å. In the twenty-first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–65°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.04 Å. In the twenty-second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–56°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.04 Å. In the twenty-third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–56°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.03 Å. In the twenty-fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–55°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.04 Å. In the twenty-fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–57°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.06 Å. In the twenty-sixth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–56°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.03 Å. In the twenty-seventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–56°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.03 Å. In the twenty-eighth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–56°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.04 Å. In the twenty-ninth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–56°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.07 Å. In the thirtieth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–58°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.05 Å. In the thirty-first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–55°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.05 Å. In the thirty-second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–55°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.03 Å. In the thirty-third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms
The aluminium-26 distribution in a cosmological simulation of a Milky Way-type Galaxy
Context . The 1.8 MeV γ -rays corresponding to the decay of the radioactive isotope 26 Al (with a half-life of 0.72 Myr ) have been observed by the SPI detector on the INTEGRAL spacecraft and extensively used as a tracer of star formation and current nucleosynthetic activity in the Milky Way Galaxy. Further information is encoded in the observation related to the higher 26 Al content found in regions of the Galaxy with the highest line-of-sight (LoS) velocity relative to an observer located in the Solar System. However, this feature remains unexplained. Aims . We ran a cosmological “zoom-in” chemodynamical simulation of a Milky Way-type galaxy, including the production and decays of radioactive nuclei in a fully self-consistent way. We then analyzed the results to follow the evolution of 26 Al throughout the lifetime of the simulated galaxy to provide a new method for interpreting the 26 Al observations. Methods . We included the massive star sources of 26 Al in the Galaxy and its radioactive decay into a state-of-the-art galactic chemical evolution model, coupled with cosmological growth and hydrodynamics. This approach allowed us to follow the spatial and temporal evolution of the 26 Al content in the simulated galaxy. Results . Our results are in agreement with the observations with respect to the fact that gas particles in the simulation with relatively higher 26 Al content also have the highest LoS velocities. On the other hand, gas particles with relatively lower 26 Al content (i.e., not bright enough to be observed) generally display the lowest LoS velocities. However, this result is not conclusive because the overall rotational velocity of our simulated galaxy is higher than that observed for cold CO gas in the Milky Way Galaxy. Furthermore, we found no significant correlation between gas temperature, rotational velocity, and 26 Al content at any given radius. We also found the presence of transient 26 Al-rich spots at low LoS velocities and we show that one such spot had been captured by the INTEGRAL/SPI data. Based on our model, we present a prediction for the detection of 1.8 MeV γ -rays by the future COSI mission. We find that according to our model, the new instrument will be able to observe similar 26 Al-emission patterns to those seen by INTEGRAL/SPI.
Materials Data on Ca6Pr6Mn11CrO36 by Materials Project
Ca6Pr6CrMn11O36 is Orthorhombic Perovskite-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.73 Å. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.73 Å. In the third Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.36–2.73 Å. In the fourth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.72 Å. In the fifth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.73 Å. In the sixth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.73 Å. There are six inequivalent Pr3+ sites. In the first Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.74 Å. In the second Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.75 Å. In the third Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.75 Å. In the fourth Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.75 Å. In the fifth Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.74 Å. In the sixth Pr3+ site, Pr3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pr–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.74 Å. Cr5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CrO6 octahedra that share corners with six MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–27°. There are a spread of Cr–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.03 Å. There are eleven inequivalent Mn+3.36+ sites. In the first Mn+3.36+ site, Mn+3.36+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–26°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–1.99 Å. In the second Mn+3.36+ site, Mn+3.36+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–26°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–1.99 Å. In the third Mn+3.36+ site, Mn+3.36+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–26°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–1.99 Å. In the fourth Mn+3.36+ site, Mn+3.36+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–26°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–1.99 Å. In the fifth Mn+3.36+ site, Mn+3.36+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with two MnO6 octahedra and corners with four equivalent CrO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–26°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–1.97 Å. In the sixth Mn+3.36+ site, Mn+3.36+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–26°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–1.99 Å. In the seventh Mn+3.36+ site, Mn+3.36+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–26°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–1.99 Å. In the eighth Mn+3.36+ site, Mn+3.36+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one CrO6 octahedra and corners with five MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–26°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–1.99 Å. In the ninth Mn+3.36+ site, Mn+3.36+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–26°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–1.99 Å. In the tenth Mn+3.36+ site, Mn+3.36+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one CrO6 octahedra and corners with five MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–27°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–1.99 Å. In the eleventh Mn+3.36+ site, Mn+3.36+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–26°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–1.99 Å. There are thirty-six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, two Pr3+, one Cr5+, and one Mn+3.36+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, two Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, two Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, two Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, two Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, two Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, two Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, two Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, two Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, two Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, two Pr3+, one Cr5+, and one Mn+3.36+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, two Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Pr3+, one Cr5+, and one Mn+3.36+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Pr3+, one Cr5+, and one Mn+3.36+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Pr3+, one Cr5+, and one Mn+3.36+ atom. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the twenty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the thirtieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the thirty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the thirty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the thirty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Pr3+, one Cr5+, and one Mn+3.36+ atom. In the thirty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the thirty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms. In the thirty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Pr3+, and two Mn+3.36+ atoms.
New constraints on the Al 25 ( p , γ ) reaction and its influence on the flux of cosmic γ rays from classical nova explosions
The astrophysical 25 Al(p,γ) 26 Si reaction represents one of the key remaining uncertainties in accurately modeling the abundance of radiogenic 26 Al ejected from classical novae. Specifically, the strengths of key proton-unbound resonances in 26 Si, that govern the rate of the 25 Al(p,γ) reaction under explosive astrophysical conditions, remain unsettled. Here, we present a detailed spectroscopy study of the 26 Si mirror nucleus 26 Mg. We have measured the lifetime of the 3 + , 6.125-MeV state in 26 Mg to be 19(3) fs and provide compelling evidence for the existence of a 1 – state in the T = 1, A = 26 system, indicating a previously unaccounted for ℓ = 1 resonance in the 25 Al(p,γ) reaction. Using the presently measured lifetime, together with the assumption that the likely 1 – state corresponds to a resonance in the 25 Al + p system at 435.7(53) keV, we find considerable differences in the 25 Al(p,γ) reaction rate compared to previous works. Furthermore, based on current nova models, we estimate that classical novae may be responsible for up to ≈ 15% of the observed galactic abundance of 26 Al.
Materials Data on NaLi3Ti2Fe2(PO4)6 by Materials Project
NaLi3Ti2Fe2(PO4)6 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a distorted hexagonal planar geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.69 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a hexagonal planar geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.65–2.71 Å. In the third Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a distorted hexagonal planar geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.44–2.63 Å. There are nine inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 62–69°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.13 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one TiO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one FeO6 octahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 61–70°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.11 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.15 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with two FeO6 octahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 61–71°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.13 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.28 Å. In the sixth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one TiO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one FeO6 octahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 63–68°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.11 Å. In the seventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.20 Å. In the eighth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.13 Å. In the ninth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.14 Å. There are six inequivalent Ti4+ sites. In the first Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–1.97 Å. In the second Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.10 Å. In the third Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.02 Å. In the fourth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–1.98 Å. In the fifth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six PO4 tetrahedra, and corners with two LiO4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–2.13 Å. In the sixth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.03 Å. There are six inequivalent Fe3+ sites. In the first Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six PO4 tetrahedra, and corners with two LiO4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.15 Å. In the second Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and edges with two LiO4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.07 Å. In the third Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.11 Å. In the fourth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.15 Å. In the fifth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.14 Å. In the sixth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.08 Å. There are eighteen inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeO6 octahedra and corners with three TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–41°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.56 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeO6 octahedra, corners with three TiO6 octahedra, and a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–41°. There is one shorter (1.53 Å) and three longer (1.55 Å) P–O bond length. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with two FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 25–43°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.56 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra, corners with two FeO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, and corners with two LiO4 trigonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–47°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.58 Å. In the fifth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra, corners with two FeO6 octahedra, and a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–44°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.57 Å. In the sixth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one TiO6 octahedra, corners with three FeO6 octahedra, and a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–44°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.57 Å. In the seventh P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeO6 octahedra, corners with three TiO6 octahedra, and corners with two LiO4 trigonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–47°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.58 Å. In the eighth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one TiO6 octahedra, corners with three FeO6 octahedra, and a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–46°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.57 Å. In the ninth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra, corners with two FeO6 octahedra, and a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–42°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.57 Å. In the tenth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra, corners with two FeO6 octahedra, and a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–47°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.57 Å. In the eleventh P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra, corners with two FeO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, and corners with two LiO4 trigonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–48°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.58 Å. In the twelfth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with two FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–42°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.57 Å. In the thirteenth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one TiO6 octahedra, corners with three FeO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, and a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–48°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.56 Å. In the fourteenth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with two FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–39°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.57 Å. In the fifteenth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with two FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 30–41°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.57 Å. In the sixteenth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with two FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–45°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.57 Å. In the seventeenth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with two FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–48°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.57 Å. In the eighteenth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with two FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 25–44°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.57 Å. There are seventy-two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Ti4+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Ti4+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Ti4+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded