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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 523 records · Page 29
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2018

Technologies and Methods Used at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) to Serve Solar Irradiance Data

The Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado in Boulder, USA operates the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) NASA mission, as well as several other NASA spacecraft and instruments. Dozens of Solar Irradiance data sets are produced, managed, and disseminated to the science community. Data are made freely available to the scientific immediately after they are produced using a variety of data access interfaces, including the LASP Interactive Solar Irradiance Datacenter (LISIRD), which provides centralized access to a variety of solar irradiance data sets using both interactive and scriptable/programmatic methods. This poster highlights the key technological elements used for the NASA SORCE mission ground system to produce, manage, and disseminate data to the scientific community and facilitate long-term data stewardship. The poster presentation will convey designs, technological elements, practices and procedures, and software management processes used for SORCE and their relationship to data quality and data management standards, interoperability, NASA data policy, and community expectations.

Pankratz, Chris↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Building access and community standards for opacity data at the onset of next-generation atmosphere observations

The characterization of a diverse set of exoplanet atmosphere observations, ranging from hot gas giants to small temperate rocky worlds, will be one of the legacies of upcoming facilities such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Our understanding and interpretation of such observations will hinge on our ability to link observations with atmospheric theoretical studies that critically rely on fundamental molecular and atomic opacities. Computing such opacities is a highly non-trivial and inaccessible process which requires several terabytes of available disk space, hours of CPU time per pressure-temperature combination, and requires users to carefully aggregate line lists data from various sources, which limits access and intercomparison of opacity data in the exoplanet community. Here we present MAESTRO (Molecules and Atoms in Exoplanet Science: Tools and Resources for Opacities) an opacity database that can be accessed by the community via a web interface and python API. MAESTRO was built with community input to create a version-controlled opacity database that is easily queryable, includes informative metadata to ensure reproducibility, and exports relevant citations for inclusion in publications. Scheduled for community release in 2022, MAESTRO will prove to be an invaluable community resource in the era of JWST and beyond.

Natasha Batalha↗
NASA NTRS2024

Merged and Gridded GPM and Atmospheric River Data Product

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission Core Observatory satellite launched in 2014 as a joint mission between National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and JAXA. Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) has, since that time, provided continuous, valuable dual-frequency radar and passive microwave radiometer observations. Here, we introduce a gridded data set of collocated GPM Core Observatory observational products merged with a reanalysis-derived Atmospheric river (AR) data set in the North Atlantic and North Pacific sectors. The three data sets that are merged and gridded are: (a) the NASA Goddard Profiling (GPROF) precipitation product, which uses GPM passive microwave radiometer observations to derive surface precipitation rates, (b) a water vapor data product derived from the GPM Core Observatory radiometer, provided by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS), and (c) the Mattingly et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028714) AR data set that is specifically tuned to the high-latitude regions. This novel merged data set spans from May 2014 to December 2022 with plans to update annually through 2026 at minimum. This gridded product combines RSS passive water vapor and precipitation estimates with coincident AR detection. This data product benefits the scientific community by providing (a) user-friendly gridded satellite data compared to standard satellite data sets, while maintaining high temporal resolution, and (b) coincident satellite observations to assess the link between ARs and precipitation.

Marian E Mateling↗
NASA NTRS1990

Data dictionaries in information systems - Standards, usage , and application

An overview of data dictionary systems and the role of standardization in the interchange of data dictionaries is presented. The development of the data dictionary for the Planetary Data System is cited as an example. The data element dictionary (DED), which is the repository of the definitions of the vocabulary utilized in an information system, is an important part of this service. A DED provides the definitions of the fields of the data set as well as the data elements of the catalog system. Finally, international efforts such as the Consultative Committee on Space Data Systems and other committees set up to provide standard recommendations on the usage and structure of data dictionaries in the international space science community are discussed.

Johnson, Margaret↗
DOE OSTI2026

FC Site 4.0 - NLR Scanning Lidar (Halo XR+ 235) / Standardized and Quality-Controlled Data

This dataset contains lidar data that have been standardized and quality-controlled through NatLabRockies/FIEXTA/LiDARGO (https://github.com/NatLabRockies/FIEXTA/tree/main/lidargo). Standardization rearranges the lidar data into convenient range vs beamID vs scanID coordinates that facilitate data analysis. The scan geometry (i.e., azimuth, elevation) is shifted on a regular grid based on the most likely angles within the scan file. Quality control of radial wind speed is performed through a generalized version of the dynamic lidar filter (Beck and Kuhn, 2017).

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

FC Site 4.2 - NLR Scanning Lidar (Halo XR+ 199) / Standardized and Quality-Controlled Data

This dataset contains lidar data that have been standardized and quality-controlled through NatLabRockies/FIEXTA/LiDARGO (https://github.com/NatLabRockies/FIEXTA/tree/main/lidargo). Standardization rearranges the lidar data into convenient range vs beamID vs scanID coordinates that facilitate data analysis. The scan geometry (i.e., azimuth, elevation) is shifted on a regular grid based on the most likely angles within the scan file. Quality control of radial wind speed is performed through a generalized version of the dynamic lidar filter (Beck and Kuhn, 2017).

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

FC Site 1.9 - NLR Scanning Lidar (Halo XR+ 200) / Standardized and Quality-Controlled Data

This dataset contains lidar data that have been standardized and quality-controlled through NatLabRockies/FIEXTA/LiDARGO (https://github.com/NatLabRockies/FIEXTA/tree/main/lidargo). Standardization rearranges the lidar data into convenient range vs beamID vs scanID coordinates that facilitate data analysis. The scan geometry (i.e., azimuth, elevation) is shifted on a regular grid based on the most likely angles within the scan file. Quality control of radial wind speed is performed through a generalized version of the dynamic lidar filter (Beck and Kuhn, 2017).

17 WIND ENERGY↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Machine Learning Algorithms for Aerosol and Cloud Detection Using CATS on the ISS

Clouds and aerosols are one of the largest uncertainties in understanding and forecasting the Earth’s changing climate system. The type and height of aerosols are important factors in determining the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation budget, either direct reflection of solar radiation back to space and/or absorption of solar radiation. In addition to their impact on the Earth’s climate system, aerosols near the surface from wildfires, man-made pollution events, and dust storms are hazardous to human health. The phase and height of clouds also play a critical role in determining the role of clouds in the Earth’s climate system. Cirrus clouds in the upper troposphere can induce a significant daytime TOA warming effect, while liquid water clouds near the surface cause a large corresponding cooling effect. Lidar measurements provide accurate vertically resolved information about clouds and aerosols, including complex multi-layer scenes where passive sensors are challenged and at night, when passive sensors are unable to measure cloud and aerosol properties. The Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) is a lidar instrument that operated for 33 months on the International Space Station (ISS) at the 1064 nm wavelength to measure attenuated total backscatter and depolarization ratio. These fundamental measurements are used to derive “vertical feature mask” cloud and aerosol products, including layer top/base heights, layer geometrical thickness, aerosol type, and cloud phase. While space-based lidar systems like CATS provide cloud and aerosol vertical distributions that improve our understanding of the climate system, averaging of the daytime data from these sensors is required, at the expense of spatial resolution, to improve the daytime signal-to noise (SNR) and thus atmospheric layer detection. This presentation shows results from machine learning (ML) techniques that, when applied to CATS data: 1. improve the 1064 nm SNR 2. enable detection of atmospheric features during daytime with a horizontal resolution of 350 m or 5 km (compared to the 60 km required for standard CATS data products) 3. increase the number of atmospheric layers detected in the CATS data. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) trained using CATS standard data products also demonstrated the potential for improved cloud-aerosol discrimination, cloud phase, and aerosol typing compared to the operational CATS algorithms for cloud edges and complex near-surface scenes during daytime. The ML tools described in this paper can facilitate the development of smaller, low-cost lidar systems in the future and enable real-time accessibility of lidar data products from future lidar systems for monitoring and forecasting of hazardous events.

John Yorks↗
NASA NTRS1991

Advanced techniques and technology for efficient data storage, access, and transfer

Advanced techniques for efficiently representing most forms of data are being implemented in practical hardware and software form through the joint efforts of three NASA centers. These techniques adapt to local statistical variations to continually provide near optimum code efficiency when representing data without error. Demonstrated in several earlier space applications, these techniques are the basis of initial NASA data compression standards specifications. Since the techniques clearly apply to most NASA science data, NASA invested in the development of both hardware and software implementations for general use. This investment includes high-speed single-chip very large scale integration (VLSI) coding and decoding modules as well as machine-transferrable software routines. The hardware chips were tested in the laboratory at data rates as high as 700 Mbits/s. A coding module's definition includes a predictive preprocessing stage and a powerful adaptive coding stage. The function of the preprocessor is to optimally process incoming data into a standard form data source that the second stage can handle.The built-in preprocessor of the VLSI coder chips is ideal for high-speed sampled data applications such as imaging and high-quality audio, but additionally, the second stage adaptive coder can be used separately with any source that can be externally preprocessed into the 'standard form'. This generic functionality assures that the applicability of these techniques and their recent high-speed implementations should be equally broad outside of NASA.

Rice, Robert F.↗
NASA NTRS1981

OSTA/ADS standards development process

A phased approach to data systems standards was developed. The standards survey, user requirements, methodology survey, and evaluation criteria were completed. Remaining to be done are data system planning interim standards, a concept for implementation of a core applications data service, a data systems policy definition, and full capability data services definition.

Walton, B.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Downlink data multiplexer

A data multiplexer that accommodates both industry standard CCSDS data packets and bits streams and standard IEEE 1394 data is described. The multiplexer provides a statistical allotment of bandwidth to the channels in turn, preferably four, but expandable in increments of four up to sixteen. A microcontroller determines bandwidth requested by the plurality of channels, as well as the bandwidth available, and meters out the available bandwidth on a statistical basis employing flow control to the input channels.

Holland, S. Douglas↗
NASA NTRS1978

Packet telemetry - A possible standard protocol for spacecraft data handling

Packetized telemetry-handling offers an opportunity to standardize major portions of the spacecraft-to-ground interface for future NASA missions. An end-to-end packet transport protocol is proposed which enables delivery of telemetry data from a remote space sensor to a ground-based user with virtually no project-unique intermediate processing. This paper reviews the possibility of creating a single telemetry format standard for both deep-space and near-earth missions. The proposed standard addresses the greatest NASA problem of the coming decade - cost - by allowing telemetry streams from many inflight spacecraft to be handled on the ground by common, simple, multimission processing elements.

Greenberg, E.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Implementation of a standard format for GPS common view data

A new format for standardizing common view time transfer data, recommended by the Consultative Committee for the Definition of the Second, is being implemented in receivers commonly used for contributing data for the generation of International Atomic Time. We discuss three aspects of this new format that potentially improve GPS common-view time transfer: (1) the standard specifies the method for treating short term data, (2) it presents data in consistent formats including needed terms not previously available, and (3) the standard includes a header of parameters important for the GPS common-view process. In coordination with the release of firmware conforming to this new format the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures will release future international track schedules consistent with the new standard.

Weiss, Marc A.↗