Space Stations - Logistics Systems and Associated Operations Requirements
Space station logistics and operations - manned space flight
SPACE STATION↗
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Results for “space operations”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Water sprays in space retrieval operations
Experiments were conducted in a ground based vacuum chamber to determine physical properties of water-ice in a space-like environment. Additional ices, alcohol and ammonia, were also studied. An analytical analysis based on the conservation of angular momentum, resulted in despin performance parameters, i.e., total water mass requirements and despin times. The despin and retrieval of a disabled spacecraft was considered to illustrate a potential application of the water spray technique.
Freesland, D. C.↗
Intelligent tutoring systems for space applications
Artificial Intelligence has been used in many space applications. Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) have only recently been developed for assisting training of space operations and skills. An ITS at Southwest Research Institute is described as an example of an ITS application for space operations, specifically, training console operations at mission control. A distinction is made between critical skills and knowledge versus routine skills. Other ITSs for space are also discussed and future training requirements and potential ITS solutions are described.
Luckhardt-Redfield, Carol A.↗
The operator theory of the pseudo-inverse. ii - unbounded operators with arbitrary range.
Extension of pseudo-inverse operator theory to Hilbert space operators that are unbounded and have arbitrary range
OPERATIONAL CALCULUS↗
Quantification of reaction time and time perception during Space Shuttle operations
A microprocessor-based test battery containing simple reaction time, choice reaction time, and time perception tasks was flown aboard a 1985 Space Shuttle flight. Data were obtained from four crew members. Individual subject means indicate a correlation between change in reaction time during the flight and the presence of space motion sickness symptoms. The time perception task results indicate that the shortest duration task time (2 s) is progressively overestimated as the mission proceeds and is statistically significant when comparing preflight and postflight baselines. The tasks that required longer periods of time to estimate (8, 12, and 16 s) are less affected.
Ratino, D. A.↗
Space station objectives, operation and applications
Space station program characteristics, discussing technology, sciences, exploration, public services, foreign relations and national defense
Myers, D. D.↗
Design for a goal-oriented telerobotic system
Robotic systems will play an increasingly important role in space operations. This paper describes the objective and design of a proposed goal-oriented telerobotic system for space operations. This design effort encompasses the elements of the system executive and user interface, and the distribution and general structure of the knowledge bases, the displays, and the task sequencing. The objective of the design effort is to provide an evolutionary structure for a telerobotic system, i.e., one that can progress from strictly teleoperated through phases of serving as an assistant, a colleague, and an expert, to eventually serve as a truly autonomous unit, requiring only minimal supervision. A preliminary design for such a system involving 'mixed initiative', or the flexible shared control between the human operator and the software system, is complete and described in this paper.
Will, R. W.↗
An Overview of the Meteorological Instrumentation Utilized for the Design and Operations of Space Launch Vehicles
One of the first hurdles a space vehicle must overcome is the ability to successfully traverse Earth’s atmosphere. In order to achieve this goal, there must exist both climatological and real-time atmospheric data from the surface to the Karman line. The Natural Environments Branch at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Marshall Space Flight Center utilizes both traditional and specialized meteorological instrumentation to aide in both the design and operations of launch vehicles. Weather balloons measuring thermodynamic and wind data from 0 - 70 kft are an example of the more traditional instrumentation. While the Tropospheric Doppler Radar Weather Profiler that measures winds from roughly 5 kft – 60 kft every five minutes is an example of a more specialized instrument. Other instruments include: 915 MHz Doppler Radar Wind Profilers, rain gauges, meteorological towers, lightning detection networks, Automated Weather Observing System stations, Mobile Launcher weather stations, and more. This presentation will give a high-level overview of which instruments are utilized, how the data are acquired, and how the data are ultimately used in design and/or operations.
Nathan L. Curtis↗
Forecasting the Economic Impact of Future Space Station Operations
Recent manned and unmanned Earth-orbital operations have suggested great promise of improved knowledge and of substantial economic and associated benefits to be derived from services offered by a space station. Proposed application areas include agriculture, forestry, hydrology, public health, oceanography, natural disaster warning, and search/rescue operations. The need for reliable estimates of economic and related Earth-oriented benefits to be realized from Earth-orbital operations is discussed and recent work in this area is reviewed. Emphasis is given to those services based on remote sensing. Requirements for a uniform, comprehensive and flexible methodology are discussed. A brief review of the suggested methodology is presented. This methodology will be exercised through five case studies which were chosen from a gross inventory of almost 400 user candidates. The relationship of case study results to benefits in broader application areas is discussed, Some management implications of possible future program implementation are included.
Summer, R. A.↗
A radiological assessment of nuclear power and propulsion operations near Space Station Freedom
Scenarios were identified which involve the use of nuclear power systems in the vicinity of Space Station Freedom (SSF) and their radiological impact on the SSF crew was quantified. Several of the developed scenarios relate to the use of SSF as an evolutionary transportation node for lunar and Mars missions. In particular, radiation doses delivered to SSF crew were calculated for both the launch and subsequent return of a Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP) cargo vehicle and a Nuclear Thermal Rocket (NTR) personnel vehicle to low earth orbit. The use of nuclear power on co-orbiting platforms and the storage and handling issues associated with radioisotope power systems were also explored as they relate to SSF. A central philosophy in these analyses was the utilization of a radiation dose budget, defined as the difference between recommended dose limits from all radiation sources and estimated doses received by crew members from natural space radiations. Consequently, for each scenario examined, the dose budget concept was used to identify and quantify constraints on operational parameters such as launch separation distances, returned vehicle parking distances, and reactor shutdown times prior to vehicle approach. The results indicate that realistic scenarios do not exist which would preclude the use of nuclear power sources in the vicinity of SSF. The radiation dose to the SSF crew can be maintained at safe levels solely by implementing proper and reasonable operating procedures.
Bolch, Wesley E.↗
Object-based task-level control: A hierarchical control architecture for remote operation of space robots
Expanding man's presence in space requires capable, dexterous robots capable of being controlled from the Earth. Traditional 'hand-in-glove' control paradigms require the human operator to directly control virtually every aspect of the robot's operation. While the human provides excellent judgment and perception, human interaction is limited by low bandwidth, delayed communications. These delays make 'hand-in-glove' operation from Earth impractical. In order to alleviate many of the problems inherent to remote operation, Stanford University's Aerospace Robotics Laboratory (ARL) has developed the Object-Based Task-Level Control architecture. Object-Based Task-Level Control (OBTLC) removes the burden of teleoperation from the human operator and enables execution of tasks not possible with current techniques. OBTLC is a hierarchical approach to control where the human operator is able to specify high-level, object-related tasks through an intuitive graphical user interface. Infrequent task-level command replace constant joystick operations, eliminating communications bandwidth and time delay problems. The details of robot control and task execution are handled entirely by the robot and computer control system. The ARL has implemented the OBTLC architecture on a set of Free-Flying Space Robots. The capability of the OBTLC architecture has been demonstrated by controlling the ARL Free-Flying Space Robots from NASA Ames Research Center.
Stevens, H. D.↗
Space Station needs, attributes, and architectural option study
Potential user interest and requirements for a manned space station are examined for space and applications missions, commercial missions, technology demonstration missions, space operations missions, and national security missions. Approaches to architectural options, candidate payloads, and technology drivers are considered. Mission imposed requirements for the space operations center are also considered.
Source record↗
Systems Engineering Challenges for GSFC Space Science Mission Operations
The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Space Science Mission Operations (SSMO) project currently manages19 missions for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, within the Planetary, Astrophysics, and Heliophysics Divisions. The mission lifespans range from just a few months to more than20 years. The WIND spacecraft, the oldest SSMO mission, was launched in 1994. SSMO spacecraft reside in low earth, geosynchronous,highly elliptical, libration point, lunar, heliocentric,and Martian orbits. SSMO spacecraft range in size from 125kg (Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM)) to over 4000kg (Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (Fermi)). The attitude modes include both spin and three-axis stabilized, with varying requirements on pointing accuracy. The spacecraft are operated from control centers at Goddard and off-site control centers;the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS)mission were built at Goddard. The Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and Wind are operated out of a multi-mission operations center, which will also host several SSMO-managed cubesats in 2017. This paper focuses on the systems engineeringchallenges for such a large and varied fleet of spacecraft.
Spacecraft↗
Assessment of Sensor Data Accuracy within Gazebo/ROS for High-Precision Autonomous In-Space Robotic Operations
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
robotics↗
Ground controlled robotic assembly operations for Space Station Freedom
A number of dextrous robotic systems and associated positioning and transportation devices are available on Space Station Freedom (SSF) to perform assembly tasks that would otherwise need to be performed by extravehicular activity (EVA) crewmembers. The currently planned operating mode for these robotic systems during the assembly phase is teleoperation by intravehicular activity (IVA) crewmembers. While this operating mode is less hazardous and expensive than manned EVA operations, and has insignificant control loop time delays, the amount of IVA time available to support telerobotic operations is much less than the anticipated requirements. Some alternative is needed to allow the robotic systems to perform useful tasks without exhausting the available IVA resources; ground control is one such alternative. The issues associated with ground control of SSF robotic systems to alleviate onboard crew time availability constraints are investigated. Key technical issues include the effect of communication time delays, the need for safe, reliable execution of remote operations, and required modifications to the SSF ground and flight system architecture. Time delay compensation techniques such as predictive displays and world model-based force reflection are addressed and collision detection and avoidance strategies to ensure the safety of the on-orbit crew, Orbiter, and SSF are described. Although more time consuming and difficult than IVA controlled teleoperations or manned EVA, ground controlled telerobotic operations offer significant benefits during the SSF assembly phase, and should be considered in assembly planning activities.
Parrish, Joseph C.↗
Space VLBI Mission Operational Support at the NASA Deep Space Network
The first Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) mission VSOP has been successfully operated since 1997 and several follow-on missions are in development or under discussion.
DSN space VLBI VSOP mission operations↗
NASA: Model development for human factors interfacing
The results of an intensive literature review in the general topics of human error analysis, stress and job performance, and accident and safety analysis revealed no usable techniques or approaches for analyzing human error in ground or space operations tasks. A task review model is described and proposed to be developed in order to reduce the degree of labor intensiveness in ground and space operations tasks. An extensive number of annotated references are provided.
Smith, L. L.↗
Asynchronous Message Service for Deep Space Mission Operations
AMS is in early stages of standardization. a) CCSDS "white book" (Proposed Standard) has been published. b) A single implementation has been developed and is being tested. No major obstacles encountered so far. a) Protocol has changed since original concept paper, but not radically. b) Design concepts seem to be sound. AMS capabilities seem to be broadly applicable. a) On-board, proximity, and deep-space communications for spacecraft. b) Suitable underlying messaging protocol for proposed CCSDS Spacecraft Monitor and Control protocols. c) Terrestrial applications designed for operation over a message bus. AMS Working Group within CCSDS is on schedule, so far.
asynchronous message exchanges↗