Emplacement and thermal effect of post-collisional Chewo Pluton (Arabian-Nubian Shield); implication for late East-African Orogeny
Not Available
Megerssa, Leta (ORCID:0000000268069675)↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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A comparison of carbon impurities in pre- and post-melt uranium Part 1: Scanning electron microscopy analysis
Although C impurities in U have been studied for decades, fundamental questions regarding their incorporation, migration, and overall transformation during metal processing still exist. In two written Parts, we compare the chemical speciation, distribution, crystallography, and morphologies (size, shape, etc.) of carbon-containing impurities in U metal both before and after melting using high resolution analytical electron microscopy (AEM). This first Part demonstrates the variability of carbide inclusions in depleted U (DU) metal with respect to their chemical phases and morphologies as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Here, a variety of inclusion types, such as the pill-shaped U monocarbide (UC), previously only hypothesized, are summarized. Additionally, delineation between hopper-shaped U carbonitride U(C,N) and dendritic UC inclusions is discussed in relationship to archived literature.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Recrystallization behavior and mechanical properties of Haynes 282 fabricated by wire-arc additive manufacturing with post-heat treatment
Not Available
Pizano, Luis Fernando Ladinos↗
CO 2 geological storage: Critical insights on plume dynamics and storage efficiency during long-term injection and post-injection periods
In the quest for net-zero greenhouse gas emission, CO 2 capture and storage technologies play a prominent role. Estimates suggest a potential of sequestering up to several thousand metric gigatons of CO 2 . However, some of the main challenges in its development are an assessment of reservoir-specific storage capacities due to variabilities and heterogeneities in the underlying properties (structure, formations, facies, petrophysics, reservoir architecture, and others) and understanding the migration of CO 2 in the subsurface. How much CO 2 can be stored in a reservoir, and how quickly can it be injected? What will be the dominant storing (trapping) mechanisms? These questions, among others, remain as challenges to the commercial deployment of this technology. This article critically investigates CO 2 plume characteristics and determines the evolving contributions of different trapping mechanisms during a 100-year injection period. Here, simulation results on the CO 2 plume dynamics indicate that lateral propagation is much larger than vertical propagation. The ratio of average lateral to vertical dispersion ranged between 6.3 and 18.8 for the cases investigated. On average, for all the scenarios investigated, the free phase (mobile supercritical CO 2 ) is the dominant trapping mechanism (in terms of the amount of CO 2 stored) during the injection period, accounting up to 45% of the CO 2 injected. Both residual (30%) and solubility (25%) trapping storage ratios decline with time during injection, and no significant mineral trapping appeared during the 100-year injection period. However, the behavior of CaCO 3 suggests a predominant dissolution of CaCO 3 , especially in the vicinity of the injection well.
03 NATURAL GAS↗
Non-Destructive post-irradiation examination results of the first modern fueled experiments in TREAT
Not Available
Schulthess, Jason↗
Influence of point defect accumulation on in-pile thermal conductivity degradation: Fuel rod defect distribution and deviation between in-pile and post irradiation thermal conductivity
As nuclear fuel burn-up increases, its thermal conductivity degrades due to the accumulation of defects that lead to increased phonon scattering rates. This results in a rise in the centerline temperature of the fuel rod, whereby heat generation must be decreased to avoid undesired behavior such as fuel melting and extensive fission gas release. Fuel performance codes are utilized to optimize the fuel's operational conditions; while they are based on established physical principles, their empirical nature limits their predictive capabilities. Recently, an effort has been made to develop predictive fuel performance codes for commonly used nuclear fuels, as well as accelerated qualification of advanced nuclear fuels. In this report, we elaborate on the importance of careful analysis of point defects’ impact on thermal conductivity in fuel performance analysis. Further, a model is presented where point defect concentration is estimated based on Rate Theory modeling and used as input to the Klemens-Callaway model to calculate their contribution to the degradation of thermal conductivity in UO 2 under prototypical irradiation conditions. This analysis suggests that point defect concentration is significant at the rim of the fuel pellet and neglecting this leads to underestimation of the centerline temperature, which may have consequences on fission gas behavior.
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
XPS post-mortem analysis of plasma-facing units extracted from WEST after the C3 (2018) and C4 (2019) campaigns
Four monoblocks coming from one ITER-like plasma-facing unit from the Q3B sector of the lower divertor, named as monoblock (MB)3, MB9, MB20, and MB30, were exposed to the deuterium and helium plasma mixture during the C3 (2018) and C4 (2019) campaigns of the Tungsten Environment in Steady-state Tokamak (WEST), followed by a detailed ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation. The surface and in-depth chemistry of the tungsten monoblocks indicated the formation of a re-deposited mixture in the deposition-dominated area of the divertor, thicker than 218 and 172 nm for MB3 and MB9, respectively. The redeposition layer was dominated by a mixture of boron carbides accompanied by tungsten carbides in MB3, while in MB9, the redeposition layer was dominated by tungsten borides. The remaining two monoblocks, MB20 and MB30, were collected from the erosion region and showed similar chemical behavior with a blended mixture of oxidized and metallic tungsten followed by boron carbides within a 50 nm depth range. Boron fixation in the layers is an expected consequence of the boronizations used during the operation, but the chemical status of redeposited elements was characterized for the first time in this work.
Marin, Alexandru [Pennsylvania State University]↗
Irradiation of UC1+x kernels using the MiniFuel vehicle: Microstructure, phase analysis, and initial post-irradiation examination
Uranium carbide is a candidate fuel form for a wide range of advanced reactors, including larger Generation IV reactors as well as small modular reactors and microreactors. However, its commercial deployment timeline faces challenges via traditional qualification approaches. To address this issue, an accelerated fission rate irradiation test was performed to collect basic fuel performance data to inform fuel performance models and potential future integral tests. Hyperstoichiometric UC (UC1+x) kernels were irradiated in the High Flux Isotope Reactor using the MiniFuel irradiation vehicle. The test matrix spanned two temperature regimes (700 °C and 800 °C) and burnup levels (1.8 % FIMA and 2.8 % FIMA). Between 21 and 63 kernels were tested at each unique temperature and burnup condition. As-fabricated microstructural analysis revealed a multiphase composition with UC, UC2, UC2−y, and U-C-O bearing phases for the irradiated kernels. Following irradiation, fission gas release, swelling, and microstructures were analyzed. Measured fission gas release was below 5 % for all irradiation conditions, reaching a maximum at the highest temperature and burnup condition. A binary swelling response was observed; the lower burnup and temperature conditions resulted in negligible swelling, but the higher burnup and temperature conditions produced significant anisotropic swelling and densification in a subset of kernels. The basic microstructural exams of kernels following irradiation were not capable of showing a correlation between kernels that exhibited excessive swelling and those that did not. Characterization of a subset of samples using the Advanced Photon Source and more detailed microstructural examination of unirradiated kernels revealed that a subset of kernels contained very high UC2 phase fractions. The anomalous swelling response is hypothesized to have been driven by this chemical variation. The results of this irradiation highlight the potential of accelerated fission rate irradiation testing to explore such behaviors and inform the development of fuel specifications.
Adorno Lopes, Denise [ORNL] (ORCID:000900023705987↗
NF-κB-mediated effects on behavior and cartilage pathology in a non-invasive loading model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis
Not Available
Berke, I. M. (ORCID:0000000266395506)↗
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis progression is diminished by early mechanical unloading and anti-inflammatory treatment in mice
Not Available
Hsia, A. W. (ORCID:0000000241279680)↗
13 C NMR study of amino acid salts in facilitated transport membranes for post-combustion carbon capture
Some of amino acid salts (AASs) have been demonstrated to be effective mobile carriers in facilitated transport membranes (FTMs) to achieve superior CO 2 permeance and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity for CO 2 capture from flue gas. Understandings of how the structures of different AASs affect the chemistry of the amine–CO 2 reaction are essential for the future development of more efficient AAS mobile carriers. In this study, the reaction chemistry of selected AASs with CO 2 was investigated by 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The CO 2 loading and the distribution of major reaction products, including carbamate and bicarbonate products of each studied AAS were quantitatively analyzed. The positive correlation between the CO 2 loading of AAS (mol CO 2 /g AAS) and the CO 2 permeance of FTMs suggested that AAS with a higher CO 2 loading may improve the performance of FTMs. Our results also showed that increasing the steric hindrance of AAS could be a practical way to promote the bicarbonate reaction pathway and thus potentially increase the CO 2 loading (mol CO 2 /mol AAS). Moreover, 2-(1-piperazinyl)ethylamine (PZEA) was found to be a more effective multi-amine than piperazine (PZ) for synthesizing AASs due to the presence of more effective nitrogen sites per molecule. The superior CO 2 permeance of the PZEA-Sar membrane is also attributed to its more uniform membrane formation. As a result, the knowledge gained from this study will inform the rational design of more effective AAS carriers for CO 2 capture.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Effect of post-deformation annealing on the microstructure and micro-mechanical behavior of Zn–Mg hybrids processed by High-Pressure Torsion
Not Available
Hernández-Escobar, David↗