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NASA NTRS2009

Human Research Program Human Health Countermeasures Element Bone and Muscle Risk Standing Review Panel (SRP)

The Bone and Muscle Risk Standing Review Panel (SRP) met at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) on October 4-6, 2009 to discuss the areas of current and future research targeted by the Human Health Countermeasures (HHC) Element of the Human Research Program (HRP). Using evidence-based knowledge as a background for identified risks to astronaut health and performance, NASA had identified gaps in knowledge to address those risks. Ongoing and proposed tasks were presented to address the gaps. The charge to the Bone and Muscle Risk SRP was to review the gaps, evaluate whether the tasks addressed these gaps and to make recommendations to NASA s HRP Science Management Office regarding the Panel's review. The Bone and Muscle Risk SRP consisted of scientists who are experts in muscle, bone, or both and could evaluate the existing evidence with sufficient knowledge of the potential effects of long duration exposure to microgravity. More important, although expertise in basic science is important, the SRP was requested to evaluate the practicality of the proposed efforts in light of the realistic demands placed on the HRP. In short, all tasks presented in the Integrated Research Plan (IRP) should address specific questions related to the challenges faced by the astronauts as a result of prolonged exposure to microgravity. All tasks proposed to fill the gaps in knowledge should provide applied, translational data necessary to answer the specific questions. Several presentations were made to the SRP during the site visit and the SRP spent sufficient time to address the panel charge, either as a group or in separate sessions for the Bone and Muscle Risk subgroups. The SRP made a final debriefing to the HRP Program Scientist, Dr. John B. Charles, on October 6, 2009. Taking the evidence and identified risks as givens, the SRP concluded that 1) integration of information should lead to a more comprehensive approach to identifying the gaps, 2) not all tasks addressed the gaps as stated in the IRP, 3) better access should be given to the SRP to existing data to include in its review, and 4) there were some missing gaps and tasks. As a result the SRP recommended 1) combining certain gaps, which in some cases were addressed with identical tasks, 2) additional gaps and tasks to address some of the gaps, 3) deleting some gaps and tasks to better focus the efforts of NASA s HRP in prioritizing their efforts, and 4) prioritizing gaps to address significant issues needing resolution in the short term while maintaining an awareness of long-term goals. The SRP commended the efforts by the HHC Element to integrate knowledge gaps and design tasks to address the higher order questions. This integration did not apply to the Bone and Muscle Risk alone, but the musculoskeletal system as its functions integrate with issues in

Glowacki, Julie↗

NASA NTRS2015

Analysis of UAS DAA Alerting in Fast-Time Simulations without DAA Mitigation

Realization of the expected proliferation of Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) operations in the National Airspace System (NAS) depends on the development and validation of performance standards for UAS Detect and Avoid (DAA) Systems. The RTCA Special Committee 228 is charged with leading the development of draft Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for UAS DAA Systems. NASA, as a participating member of RTCA SC-228 is committed to supporting the development and validation of draft requirements for DAA alerting system performance. A recent study conducted using NASA's ACES (Airspace Concept Evaluation System) simulation capability begins to address questions surrounding the development of draft MOPS for DAA alerting systems. ACES simulations were conducted to study the performance of alerting systems proposed by the SC-228 DAA Alerting sub-group. Analysis included but was not limited to: 1) correct alert (and timeliness), 2) false alert (and severity and duration), 3) missed alert, and 4) probability of an alert type at the time of loss of well clear. The performance of DAA alerting systems when using intent vs. dead-reckoning for UAS ownship trajectories was also compared. The results will be used by SC-228 to inform decisions about the surveillance standards of UAS DAA systems and future requirements development and validation efforts.

alerting↗

NASA NTRS2020

Tuning a variational autoencoder for data accountability problem in the Mars Science Laboratory ground data system

The Mars Curiosity rover is frequently sending back engineering and science data that goes through a pipeline of systems before reaching its final destination at the mission operations center making it prone to volume loss and data corruption. A ground data system analysis (GDSA) team is charged with the monitoring of this flow of information and the detection of anomalies in that data in order to request a re-transmission when necessary. This work presents ∆-MADS, a derivative-free optimization method applied for tuning the architecture and hyperparameters of a variational autoencoder trained to detect the data with missing patches in order to assist the GDSA team in their mission.

Lakhmiri, Dounia↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Training and Validation of Spectral Gap Filling Algorithm for Cpf-Ceres Intercalibration

The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Pathfinder (CPF) mission is set to launch an SI-traceable reflective solar (RS) spectrometer aboard the International Space Station to measure Earth-reflected solar radiation with a radiometric uncertainty of 0.3% (k=1). The CPF intercalibration team has devised a cutting-edge methodology to accurately transfer the benchmark CPF calibration reference to the shortwave (SW) channel (200-5000 nm) of the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument. The spectral range of CPF measurements spans from 350-2300 nm, while the CERES SW channel measures the Earth-reflected broadband solar radiances between 200 nm to 5 μm. To conduct precise CPF-CERES intercalibration analysis, the CPF-like spectral radiances outside the CPF spectral range need to be estimated to match the CERES SW spectral range. In response, the team has developed a fast algorithm that leverages spectrally redundant information within the CPF-measured portion through principal component analysis (PCA) and utilizes pre-established spectral correlation relationships among wavelengths to extend the CPF spectrum below 350 nm and above 2300 nm. Our results show that the algorithm achieves excellent accuracy in generating the missing energy in the UV and IR portions. The RMS error in the UV region is less than 4.5x10-3 W/m2/sr/nm, while in the IR region, it is smaller than 8x10-5 W/m2/sr/nm. Our methodology was validated using measured EMIT radiance data, which covers the spectral range from 0.381 μm to 2.493 μm. We employed EMIT radiances within the wavelength range of 0.43 – 2.25 μm to generate radiances for both the shorter wavelength range (0.381 – 0.43 μm) and longer wavelength range (2.25 – 2.493 μm). The generated radiances agree very well with the measured EMIT radiances. The standard deviation in the integrated broadband radiances was about 0.1%, and the bias is less than 0.004% for over 1.5 million EMIT measured samples. These statistics show that the spectral gap filling algorithm is robust and effective in substantially reducing the spectral difference-induced uncertainty in the CPF-CERES intercalibration samples.

Qiguang Yang↗

NASA NTRS2011

The SEDs and Host Galaxies of the Dustiest GRB Afterglows

The afterglows and host galaxies of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) offer unique opportunities to study star-forming galaxies in the high-z Universe, Until recently, however. the information inferred from GRB follow-up observations was mostly limited to optically bright afterglows. biasing all demographic studies against sight-lines that contain large amounts of dust. Aims. Here we present afterglow and host observations for a sample of bursts that are exemplary of previously missed ones because of high visual extinction (A(sub v) (Sup GRB) approx > 1 mag) along the sight-line. This facilitates an investigation of the properties, geometry and location of the absorbing dust of these poorly-explored host galaxies. and a comparison to hosts from optically-selected samples. Methods. This work is based on GROND optical/NIR and Swift/XRT X-ray observations of the afterglows, and multi-color imaging for eight GRB hosts. The afterglow and galaxy spectral energy distributions yield detailed insight into physical properties such as the dust and metal content along the GRB sight-line as well as galaxy-integrated characteristics like the host's stellar mass, luminosity. color-excess and star-formation rate. Results. For the eight afterglows considered in this study we report for the first time the redshift of GRBs 081109 (z = 0.97S7 +/- 0.0005). and the visual extinction towards GRBs 0801109 (A(sub v) (Sup GRB) = 3.4(sup +0.4) (sub -0.3) mag) and l00621A (A(sub v) (Sup GRB) = 3.8 +/- 0.2 mag), which are among the largest ever derived for GRB afterglows. Combined with non-extinguished GRBs. there is a strong anti-correlation between the afterglow's metals-to-dust ratio and visual extinction. The hosts of the dustiest afterglows are diverse in their properties, but on average redder(((R - K)(sub AB)) approximates 1.6 mag), more luminous ( approximates 0.9 L (sup *)) and massive ((log M(sup *) [M(solar]) approximates 9.8) than the hosts of optically-bright events. We hence probe a different galaxy population. suggesting that previous host samples miss most of the massive. chemically-evolved and metal-rich members. This also indicates that the dust along the sight-line is often related to host properties, and thus probably located in the diffuse ISM or interstellar clouds and not in the immediate GRB environment. Some of the hosts in our sample. are blue, young or of small stellar mass illustrating that even apparently non-extinguished galaxies possess very dusty sight-lines due to a patchy dust distribution. Conclusions. The afterglows and host galaxies of the dustiest GRBs provide evidence for a complex dust geometry in star-forming galaxies. In addition, they establish a population of luminous. massive and correspondingly chemically-evolved GRB hosts. This suggests that GRBs trace the global star-formation rate better than studies based on optically-selected host samples indicate, and the previously-claimed deficiency of high-mass host galaxies was at least partially a selection effect.

Kruhler, T.↗

DOE OSTI2016

Micro-CT scouting for transmission electron microscopy of human tissue specimens

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides sub-nanometre-scale details in volumetric samples. Samples such as pathology tissue specimens are often stained with a metal element to enhance contrast, which makes them opaque to optical microscopes. As a result, it can be a lengthy procedure to find the region of interest inside a sample through sectioning. Here, we describe micro-CT scouting for TEM that allows noninvasive identification of regions of interest within a block sample to guide the sectioning step. In a tissue pathology study, a bench-top micro-CT scanner with 10 m resolution was used to determine the location of patches of the mucous membrane in osmium-stained human nasal scraping samples. Furthermore, once the regions of interest were located, the sample block was sectioned to expose that location, followed by ultra-thin sectioning and TEM to inspect the internal structure of the cilia of the membrane epithelial cells with nanometre resolution. This method substantially reduced the time and labour of the search process from typically 20 sections for light microscopy to three sections with no added sample preparation. Lay description Electron microscopy provides very high levels of detail in a small area, and thus the question of where to look in an opaque sample, such as a stained tissue specimen, needs to be answered by sectioning the sample in small steps and examining the sections under a light microscope, until the region of interest is found. The search process can be lengthy and labor intensive, especially for a study involving a large number of samples. Small areas of interest can be missed in the process if not enough regions are examined. We also describe a method to directly locate the region of interest within a whole sample using micro-CT imaging, bypassing the need of blindly sectioning. Micro-CT enables locating the region within 3D space; this information provides a guide for sectioning the sample to expose that precise location for high resolution electron microscopy imaging. In a human tissue specimen study, this method considerably reduced the time and labor of the search process.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2022

Measurement of Triple-Differential Inclusive Muon Neutrino Charged-Current Cross Sections on Argon with the MicroBooNE Detector

We report the first measurement of the differential cross section $d^2σ(E_ν)/dcos(θ_µ)dP_µ$for inclusive muon neutrino charged-current scattering on argon. This measurement utilizes data from6.5×10 20 protons on target of exposure collected using the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber located on-axis in the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam with a mean neutrino energy of approximately 0.8 GeV. In this note, the mapping from reconstructed kinematics to truth quantities, particularly from reconstructed to true neutrino energy, is validated by comparing the distribution of reconstructed hadronic energy in data to that of the model prediction in different muon scattering angle bins after conditional constraint from the muon momentum distribution in data. The success of this validation gives confidence that the missing energy in the MicroBooNE detector is well-modeled within its uncertainties in simulation, enabling the unfolding to an energy-dependent triple-differential measurement over muon momentum, muon scattering angle, and neutrino energy. The unfolded measurement covers an extensive phase space, providing a wealth of information useful for future LArTPC experiments measuring neutrino oscillations. Comparisons with model predictions show the best agreement with Neut 5.4.0.1 at low energy, and with NuWro 19.02.01 at higher energies, particularly at forward muon scattering angles.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

NASA NTRS2016

CO2 on the International Space Station: An Operations Update

PROBLEM STATEMENT: We describe CO2 symptoms that have been reported recently by crewmembers on the International Space Station and our continuing efforts to control CO2 to lower levels than historically accepted. BACKGROUND: Throughout the International Space Station (ISS) program, anecdotal reports have suggested that crewmembers develop CO2-related symptoms at lower CO2 levels than would be expected terrestrially. Since 2010, operational limits have controlled the 24-hour average CO2 to 4.0 mm Hg, or below as driven by crew symptomatology. In recent years, largely due to increasing awareness by crew and ground team, there have been increased reports of crew symptoms. The aim of this presentation is to discuss recent observations and operational impacts to lower CO2 levels on the ISS. CASE PRESENTATION: Crewmembers are routinely asked about CO2 symptoms in their weekly private medical conferences with their crew surgeons. In recent ISS expeditions, crewmembers have noted symptoms attributable to CO2 starting at 2.3 mmHg. Between 2.3 - 2.7 mm Hg, fatigue and full-headedness have been reported. Between 2.7 - 3.0 mm Hg, there have been self-reports of procedure missed steps or procedures going long. Above 3.0 - 3.4 mm Hg, headaches have been reported. A wide range of inter- and intra-individual variability in sensitivity to CO2 have been noted. OPERATIONAL / CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These preliminary data provide semi-quantitative ranges that have been used to inform a new operational limit of 3.0 mmHg as a compromise between systems capabilities and the recognition that there are human health and performance impacts at recent ISS CO2 levels. Current evidence would suggest that an operational limit between 0.5 and 2.0 mm Hg may maintain health and performance. Future work is needed to establish long-term ISS and future vehicle operational limits.

Law, Jennifer↗

DOE OSTI2020

Isotopic analysis of plutonium measured with very thick absorbers and high-granularity spectra

FRAM is LANL-designed software designed to extract plutonium and uranium isotopic information from gamma ray spectra. This is an important capability for NEST and STAB; however, FRAM performance has been poor when applied to field data collected in these programs. FRAM Version 5 (commercially available) was fine-tuned and validated for laboratory quality measurements but not for measurements of the high-mass and heavily shielded SNM items encountered in NEST. FRAM is untested for spectra collected with high-granularity lower resolution instruments such as the new 8-MeV Detective-X favored by STAB or the new custom electrocooled systems coming into use for NEST. FRAM Version 6.1 (unreleased) has improvements in physics capabilities, and parameter sets may be adapted that are more specific to NEST and STAB, which is what we have attempted for this assignment. Thick shielding attenuates gamma rays profoundly, especially those at low energy, making them too weak to be measured. The missing low-energy peaks force the analysis to employ only the highest-energy peaks. We adapted FRAM 6.1 for analysis of plutonium spectra obtained with very thick Pb filters (a surrogate for NEST-type configurations). New parameter sets employing only very high energy peaks were created for the analysis. High granularity and low resolution make deconvolution of the 600-keV region particularly challenging, and we have worked to optimally extract information from this region. The results shown in this paper give high confidence that we are on the right track. We used a combination of real and synthetically-modified data. Remaining work includes testing the new software and parameters against genuine data collected with Detective-X and new NEST systems, but such datasets at the moment are unavailable. It also remains to develop and test parameter sets specific to uranium and the new detectors.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗

NASA NTRS1991

The NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program: Prologue to the Future

The NASA STI Program offers researchers an infrastructure of people and systems that facilitates access to STI; worldwide. The Program is also NASA's institutional mechanism for disseminating the results of its research and developing activities. Through discussions in 1991, the STI Program formulated its Strategic Plan. The plan gives the Program a renewed sense of direction by focusing on future opportunities, customer requirements and Program goals, along with the changes needed to achieve those goals. The Program provides users access to a massive flow of STI which, in fact, represents the largest collection of aeronautical and space science information in the world. The STI Program products and services are outlined, along with the NASA centers, international operations, and the fact that total quality management drives NASA wide program developments. As is detailed, the NASA STI Program is using its resources as effectively as possible to meet the missing needs of NASA.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS2000

BOREAS RSS-14 Level-1a GOES-8 Visible, IR and Water Vapor Images

The BOREAS RSS-14 team collected and processed several GOES-7 and GOES-8 image data sets that covered the BOREAS study region. The level-1a GOES-8 images were created by BORIS personnel from the level-1 images delivered by FSU personnel. The data cover 14-Jul-1995 to 21-Sep-1995 and 12-Feb-1996 to 03-Oct-1996. The data start out as three bands with 8-bit pixel values and end up as five bands with 10-bit pixel values. No major problems with the data have been identified. The differences between the level-1 and level-1a GOES-8 data are the formatting and packaging of the data. The images missing from the temporal series of level-1 GOES-8 images were zero-filled by BORIS staff to create files consistent in size and format. In addition, BORIS staff packaged all the images of a given type from a given day into a single file, removed the header information from the individual level-1 files, and placed it into a single descriptive ASCII header file. The data are contained in binary image format files. Due to the large size of the images, the level-1a GOES-8 data are not contained on the BOREAS CD-ROM set. An inventory listing file is supplied on the CD-ROM to inform users of what data were collected. The level-1a GOES-8 image data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). See sections 15 and 16 for more information. The data files are available on a CD-ROM (see document number 20010000884).

Hall, Forrest G.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Development of Analysis Methods that Integrate Numeric and Textual Equipment Reliability Data

Within the Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) program, the Risk-Informed Systems Analysis (RISA) Pathway is performing collaborative research on the development and deployment of technologies designed to assist operating nuclear power plants (NPPs) to reduce operating costs improve plant reliability and availability. One of the RISA research areas is focusing on the development of methods and tools designed to optimize plant operations (e.g., maintenance/replacement schedules, optimal maintenance postures for plant structures, systems, and components [SSCs]) in a manner that is more cost effective than current approaches and makes better use of available SSC health data. The Risk-Informed Asset Management (RIAM) project targets this research area by creating a direct bridge between component equipment reliability (ER) data and system engineer decision making regarding maintenance activity scheduling and component aging management. In this respect, one challenge that NPP system engineers are facing is that the amount of ER data being continuously generated is not only extremely large in size, but it comes in different forms: textual (e.g., condition or maintenance reports) and numeric (e.g., generated by monitoring systems). All these data elements provide them with valuable insights and information regarding: 1) the discovery of anomalous behaviors or degradation trends, 2) the identification of the possible causes behind such behaviors/trends, and 3) the prediction of their direct consequences. However, several challenges have proved to be roadblocks to this process. While some of these challenges are technical in nature (i.e., data are often distributed over several physical servers/databases), others are conceptual in nature: data elements come in different formats (e.g., numeric or textual), and measured values have different scales (e.g., vibration spectra and oil temperature). The activities performed by the RIAM project during FY23 directly tackles the need to simultaneously integrate the analysis of ER data in all its forms, numeric and textual. Note that such task has never been performed before due to the complexity of the systems under consideration but, most importantly, because of the technical challenges behind the harmonization of ER data formats and the lack of adequate computational methods to analyze them. Our approach borrows ideas and concepts from the medical field where integration of several data sources is vital to assist medical practitioners to perform correct diagnosis and indicate optimal treatments. In our view a NPP asset is equivalent to a patient in a medical context. The main difference is the complexity of a human body is a magnitude more complex when compared to typical assets commonly present in NPPs (e.g., centrifugal pumps, or motor operated valves). This simplifies our first requirement when analyzing heterogenous ER data formats: to put data into “context”. Context is here intended as the additional piece of information that is needed by ER data analysis tools to understand what these data elements are referring to, i.e., which king of knowledge they are generating. In our context, this knowledge can be translated into models that capture the form and functional architecture of assets/systems, their dependencies, and how they interact. These models actually emulate the knowledge that that NPP system engineers possess about assets and systems; this is their key of success when analyzing ER data, their challenge is ability to handle large amount of data. Here, we employ model-based system engineering (MBSE) models of systems and assets to represent and capture their architecture and functional, i.e. cause-effect, relations. Then, ER data elements are processed by identifying first of all which elements of the developed MBSE elements they are referring to. For numeric ER data this task is fairly easy since it is possible to precisely pinpoint what MBSE elements the corresponding sensor are observing (e.g., bearing temperature of a centrifugal pump). Task is much harder for textual data since the information contained in issue or maintenance reports needs to “be understood” by a computational tool. Here we called this process as “knowledge extraction”. Once again, we borrow the experience in the medical field where methods to extract knowledge from textual data have been developed in the past decade. The missing element for us is the availability of a complete dictionary of NPP related concepts (in addition to the MBSE models presented earlier) that can put “text into context”. In FY23, such dictionary has been developed along with all the computational elements required for knowledge extraction. Lastly, once numeric and textual ER data elements have been processed and “understood”, then the last step is the discovery of possible cause-effect relations among them. This is performed by observing if a logical connection through the MBSE models exists, and if the

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2017

Classification and imaging of spent nuclear fuel dry casks using cosmic ray muons - 132

The present work explores alternative approaches for in situ monitoring with near real-time data analysis and imaging of dry casks using muons. Monitoring can provide useful signals about the cask contents in a yes/no decision format faster and with fewer muons than traditional imaging. Imaging can be performed as a second step in this process if specific information about the location of the fuel assemblies is needed. To explore and analyze these two modalities, simulations of muon scattering and displacement were performed for various scenarios, including vertical and horizontal fully loaded dry casks, half-loaded dry casks, dry casks with one row of fuel assemblies missing, dry casks with one fuel assembly missing, and empty dry casks. This work demonstrates monitoring can provide fast and reliable indication about the contents of the cask. For 100,000 muons, a few minutes of measurement time with a 3.6 m{sup 2} detector at a 45 deg. zenith angle, 90% detection probability for missing fuel assemblies can be achieved with a false alarm rate lower than 1%. If a positive signal is detected, then longer measurements can be performed and coupled with muon imaging algorithms to determine the location of missing nuclear material. In these cases, transmission muon radiography can produce images of acceptable resolution for all scenarios. In the horizontal dry cask case, all scenarios can be identified and separated adequately. In the vertical dry cask case, similar conclusions can be drawn, but because of shadowing from other fuel assemblies, the location of a missing fuel assembly cannot be identified in the 2-D transmission map. However, views from different directions may resolve this. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2014

Advancing the hydrogen safety knowledge base

The International Energy Agency's Hydrogen Implementing Agreement (IEA HIA) was established in 1977 to pursue collaborative hydrogen research and development and information exchange among its member countries. Information and knowledge dissemination is a key aspect of the work within IEA HIA tasks, and case studies, technical reports and presentations/publications often result from the collaborative efforts. The work conducted in hydrogen safety under Task 31 and its predecessor, Task 19, can positively impact the objectives of national programs even in cases for which a specific task report is not published. As a result, the interactions within Task 31 illustrate how technology information and knowledge exchange among participating hydrogen safety experts serve the objectives intended by the IEA HIA.

08 HYDROGEN↗

DOE OSTI2016

Probing the Goldstone equivalence theorem in heavy weak doublet decays

We explore here the decays from heavy Higgsino-like weak doublets into Z , h bosons and missing particles. When pair-produced at the LHC, the subsequent Z , h → ℓ ℓ , b b ¯ decays in the doublet decay cascade can yield 4 ℓ , 2 ℓ 2 b and 4 b + E T + j ( s ) final states. Mutual observation of any two of these channels would provide information on the associated doublets’ decay branching fractions into a Z or h , thereby probing the Goldstone equivalence relation, shedding additional light on the Higgs sector of beyond the Standard Model theories and facilitating the discrimination of various contending models, in turn. We compare the Z / h decay ratio expected in the minimal supersymmetric model, the next-to-minimal supersymmetric model (NMSSM)and a minimal singlet-doublet dark matter model. Furthermore, we conduct a full Monte Carlo analysis of the prospects for detecting the targeted final states during 14 TeV running of the LHC in the context of a representative NMSSM benchmark model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2017

AIMES Final Technical Report

This is the final technical report for the AIMES project. Many important advances in science and engineering are due to large-scale distributed computing. Notwithstanding this reliance, we are still learning how to design and deploy large-scale production Distributed Computing Infrastructures (DCI). This is evidenced by missing design principles for DCI, and an absence of generally acceptable and usable distributed computing abstractions. The AIMES project was conceived against this backdrop, following on the heels of a comprehensive survey of scientific distributed applications. AIMES laid the foundations to address the tripartite challenge of dynamic resource management, integrating information, and portable and interoperable distributed applications. Four abstractions were defined and implemented: skeleton, resource bundle, pilot, and execution strategy. The four abstractions were implemented into software modules and then aggregated into the AIMES middleware. This middleware successfully integrates information across the application layer (skeletons) and resource layer (Bundles), derives a suitable execution strategy for the given skeleton and enacts its execution by means of pilots on one or more resources, depending on the application requirements, and resource availabilities and capabilities.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS1961

A Fixed-Base-Simulator Study of the Ability of a Pilot to Establish Close Orbits Around the Moon

A study was made on a six-degree-of-freedom fixed-base simulator of the ability of human pilots to modify ballistic trajectories of a 5 space vehicle approaching the moon to establish a circular orbit about 50 miles above the lunar surface. The unmodified ballistic trajectories had miss distances from the lunar surface of from 40 to 80 miles, and a velocity range of from 8,200 to 8,700 feet per second at closest approach. The pilot was given control of the thrust (along the vehicle longitudinal axis) and torques about all three body axes. The information display given to the pilot was a hodograph of the vehicle rate of descent and circumferential velocity, an altimeter, and vehicle attitude and rate meters.

Queijo, M. J.↗

DOE OSTI2017

AIMES Final Technical Report

This is the final technical report for the AIMES project. Many important advances in science and engineering are due to large scale distributed computing. Notwithstanding this reliance, we are still learning how to design and deploy large-scale production Distributed Computing Infrastructures (DCI). This is evidenced by missing design principles for DCI, and an absence of generally acceptable and usable distributed computing abstractions. The AIMES project was conceived against this backdrop, following on the heels of a comprehensive survey of scientific distributed applications. AIMES laid the foundations to address the tripartite challenge of dynamic resource management, integrating information, and portable and interoperable distributed applications. Four abstractions were defined and implemented: skeleton, resource bundle, pilot, and execution strategy. The four abstractions were implemented into software modules and then aggregated into the AIMES middleware. This middleware successfully integrates information across the application layer (skeletons) and resource layer (Bundles), derives a suitable execution strategy for the given skeleton and enacts its execution by means of pilots on one or more resources, depending on the application requirements, and resource availabilities and capabilities.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗