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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 523 records · Page 29
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Impact of High Energy νe (ν¯e) Events on NOvA Oscillation Sensitivities

NOvA is a two detector, long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment located at Fermilab, Batavia, IL, USA. It is primarily designed to constraint neutrino oscillation parameters using muon neutrino (anti-neutrino) disappearance data and electron neutrino (anti-neutrino) appearance data. NOvA detects neutrinos from Fermilab’s Neutrinos at Main Injector (NuMI) beam-line. The un-oscillated muon neutrino and beam $\nu_e$ events are observed by the NOvA Near Detector (ND), which is 100m underground and at a distance of 1km from the beam source. The Far Detector (FD), situated 809 km away from the ND, is in Ash River, MN, USA, and observes $\nu_\mu$ and $\nu_e$ events after oscillations. Traditionally, NOvA has used $\nu_e$ events in the energy range 1 < E < 4 GeV for 3-flavor neutrino oscillation analyses to constraint the neutrino oscillation parameters. In this study we looked at the impact of including high-energy neutrino events with energies up to 12 GeV in the analysis with the aim of constraining the beam electron neutrino/antineutrino background events. Event count predictions after adding this high-energy sample events and latest three flavor oscillation results of the NOvA experiment are presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Final state radiation from high and ultrahigh energy neutrino interactions

Charged leptons produced by high-energy and ultrahigh-energy neutrinos have a substantial probability of emitting prompt internal bremsstrahlung ν ℓ + N → ℓ + X + γ . This can have important consequences for neutrino detection. We discuss observable consequences at high- and ultrahigh-energy neutrino telescopes and the Large Hadron Collider’s (LHC’s) Forward Physics Facility. Logarithmic enhancements can be substantial (e.g., ∼ 20 % ) when either the charged lepton’s energy or the rest of the cascade is measured. We comment on final state radiation’s impacts on measuring the inelasticity distribution, ν / ν ¯ flux ratio, throughgoing muons, and double-bang signatures for high-energy neutrino observation. Furthermore, for ultrahigh-energy neutrino observation, we find that final state radiation increases the overall detectable energy by as much as 20%, affects flavor measurements, and decreases the energy of both Earth-emergent tau leptons and regenerated tau neutrinos. Many of these have significant impacts on measuring neutrino fluxes and spectra. Finally, for the LHC’s Forward Physics Facility, we find that final state radiation will impact future extractions of strange quark parton distribution functions. Final state radiation should be included in future analyses at neutrino telescopes and the Forward Physics Facility. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

The Mu2e straw tracker detector status and prototype results

The Mu2e experiment will search for charge-lepton flavor violating (CLFV) muon to electron conversion. It aims to achieve a four-orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity over previous experiments, allowing it to probe new physics at mass scales up to 10 4 TeV . A precision momentum measurement is needed to resolve the monoenergetic electron that is the signal of CLFV conversion from muon decay-in-orbit backgrounds. Here, this is achieved in Mu2e using a low-mass cylindrical straw tracker operated in vacuum, consisting of 21,000 thin-wall mylar straws held at tension. The Mu2e tracker is now in production and will be completed during 2025. We will discuss the design and status of the experiment and the tracker detector, and show results from data taken with the first tracker module.

Gaseous detector↗
DOE OSTI2025

Measurements at forward rapidity of elliptic flow of charged hadrons and open-heavy-flavor muons in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{𝑠_{𝑁⁢𝑁}}$ = 200 GeV

Here, we present the first forward-rapidity measurements of elliptic anisotropy of open-heavy-flavor muons at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The measurements are based on data samples of Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{𝑠_{𝑁⁢𝑁}}$ = 200 GeV collected by the PHENIX experiment in 2014 and 2016 with integrated luminosity of 14.5 nb −1 . The measurements are performed in the pseudorapidity range 1.2 < |𝜂| < 2 and cover transverse momenta 1< 𝑝 𝑇 < 4 GeV/𝑐. The elliptic flow of charged hadrons as a function of transverse momentum is also measured in the same kinematic range. We observe significant elliptic flow for both charged hadrons and heavy-flavor muons. The results show clear mass ordering of elliptic flow of light- and heavy-flavor particles. The magnitude of the measured 𝑣 2 is comparable to that in the midrapidity region. This indicates that there is no strong longitudinal dependence in the quark-gluon-plasma evolution between midrapidity and the rapidity range of this measurement at $\sqrt{𝑠_{𝑁⁢𝑁}}$ = 200 GeV.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Conjectures about the Chiral Phase Transition in QCD from Anomalous Multi-Instanton Interactions

To date numerical simulations of lattice QCD have not found a chiral phase transition of first order that is expected to occur for sufficiently light pions. We show how the restoration of an exact global chiral symmetry can strongly decrease the breaking of the approximate, anomalous U A ( 1 ) symmetry. This is testable on the lattice through simulations for one through four flavors. In QCD a small breaking of the U A ( 1 ) symmetry in the chirally symmetric phase generates novel experimental signals. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Probing BSM Oscillatory Signals with the DUNE Detectors and the LBNF Neutrino Beam: NSI and Sterile Neutrino Sensitivities

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a flagship long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiment under construction in the U.S. With a 1,300 km distance between its Near Detector (ND) and Far Detector (FD), the world’s most intense LBNF (Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility) neutrino beam, and high-resolution LArTPC (Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber) detectors, DUNE will measure the neutrino oscillation parameters with unprecedented precision. In addition to the determination of the neutrino mass ordering and the potential discovery of Charge-Parity violation in the leptonic sector, DUNE's capabilities present a unique opportunity for probing Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics signals with neutrinos. Examples of BSM physics manifestations include the presence of Non-Standard Interactions (NSI) of neutrinos with matter, or the existence of sterile neutrinos that mix with 3-Flavor neutrinos. In this study, we present a joint ND+FD fit to simulated data assessing DUNE's sensitivity to probing neutrino NSI, as well as scenarios including sterile neutrino mixing.

Prais, Luiz [Cincinnati U.] (ORCID:000000018224947↗
NASA NTRS1991

Late-time cosmological phase transitions

It is shown that the potential galaxy formation and large scale structure problems of objects existing at high redshifts (Z approx. greater than 5), structures existing on scales of 100 M pc as well as velocity flows on such scales, and minimal microwave anisotropies ((Delta)T/T) (approx. less than 10(exp -5)) can be solved if the seeds needed to generate structure form in a vacuum phase transition after decoupling. It is argued that the basic physics of such a phase transition is no more exotic than that utilized in the more traditional GUT scale phase transitions, and that, just as in the GUT case, significant random Gaussian fluctuations and/or topological defects can form. Scale lengths of approx. 100 M pc for large scale structure as well as approx. 1 M pc for galaxy formation occur naturally. Possible support for new physics that might be associated with such a late-time transition comes from the preliminary results of the SAGE solar neutrino experiment, implying neutrino flavor mixing with values similar to those required for a late-time transition. It is also noted that a see-saw model for the neutrino masses might also imply a tau neutrino mass that is an ideal hot dark matter candidate. However, in general either hot or cold dark matter can be consistent with a late-time transition.

Schramm, David N.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Forward silicon vertex/tracking detector design and R$\&$D for the future Electron-Ion Collider

The proposed high-luminosity high-energy Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will provide a clean environment to precisely study several fundamental questions in the fields of high-energy and nuclear physics . A low material budget and high granularity silicon vertex/tracking detector is critical to carry out a series of hadron and jet measurements at the future EIC especially for the heavy flavor product reconstruction or tagging. The conceptual design of a proposed forward silicon tracking detector with the pseudorapidity coverage from 1.2 to 3.5 has been developed in integration with different magnet options and the other EIC detector sub-systems. The tracking performance of this detector enables precise heavy flavor hadron and jet measurements in the hadron beam going direction. The detector R&D for the proposed silicon technology candidates: Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) and radiation hard depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MALTA), which can provide good spatial and timing resolutions, is underway. Bench test results of the LGAD and MALTA prototype sensors will be discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Impact of HF-CRPA CCQE Model on the Latest NOvA Results

NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino experiment based at Fermilab, dedicated to measuring various neutrino oscillation parameters. Recently, the NOvA collaboration presented new results at NEUTRINO 2024. A significant enhancement in the modeling of charged-current quasi elastic (CCQE) interactions has been achieved with the implementation of the Hartree-Fock (HF) mean-field model, incorporating continuum random phase approximation (CRPA) corrections. This HF-CRPA model offers substantial improvements in the low-energy region. In this presentation, I will discuss the impact of the HF-CRPA model on the latest three-flavor oscillation results of the NOvA experiment.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Light new physics in B → K ( * ) ν ν ¯ ?

The study of the rare decays B → K ( * ) ν ν ¯ offers a window into the dynamics operating at the electroweak scale, allowing studies of the Standard Model and searches for heavy new physics. However, the analysis of these decays is also potentially sensitive to the on shell production of new light bosons X through the process B → K ( * ) X . In particular, Belle II has recently measured B + → K + ν ν ¯ , finding a 2.8 σ excess under the assumption of heavy new physics. Since this excess is rather localized in the kaon energy, a fit that includes the decay mode B + → K + X to the kinematic distributions prefers m X ≈ 2 GeV with branching fraction Br [ B → K X ] = ( 8.8 ± 2.5 ) × 10 − 6 and a significance of ≈ 3.6 σ . However, no excess was found in the measurements of B → K ( * ) ν ν ¯ , and a global analysis of the Belle II and data leads to Br [ B → K X ] = ( 5.1 ± 2.1 ) × 10 − 6 with a reduced significance of ≈ 2.4 σ . We then study various simplified dark-flavored models and present a possible UV completion based on a gauged B 3 − L 3 symmetry, highlighting the discovery potential of dedicated searches for B → K ( * ) X at Belle II. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
DOE OSTI2020

Deep learning for characterizing the self-assembly of three-dimensional colloidal systems

Creating a systematic framework to characterize the structural states of colloidal self-assembly systems is crucial for unraveling the fundamental understanding of these systems’ stochastic and non-linear behavior. The most accurate characterization methods create high-dimensional neighborhood graphs that may not provide useful information about structures unless these are well-defined reference crystalline structures. Dimensionality reduction methods are thus required to translate the neighborhood graphs into a low-dimensional space that can be easily interpreted and used to characterize non-reference structures. We investigate a framework for colloidal system state characterization that employs deep learning methods to reduce the dimensionality of neighborhood graphs. The framework next uses agglomerative hierarchical clustering techniques to partition the low-dimensional space and assign physically meaningful classifications to the resulting partitions. In this work, we first demonstrate the proposed colloidal self-assembly state characterization framework on a three-dimensional in silico system of 500 multi-flavored colloids that self-assemble under isothermal conditions. We next investigate the generalizability of the characterization framework by applying the framework to several independent self-assembly trajectories, including a three-dimensional in silico system of 2052 colloidal particles that undergo evaporation-induced self-assembly.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Implementation of ACTS into sPHENIX Track Reconstruction

Abstract sPHENIX is a high energy nuclear physics experiment under construction at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The primary physics goals of sPHENIX are to study the quark-gluon-plasma, as well as the partonic structure of protons and nuclei, by measuring jets, their substructure, and heavy flavor hadrons in $$p$$ p $$+$$ + $$p$$ p , p + Au, and Au + Au collisions. sPHENIX will collect approximately 300 PB of data over three run periods, to be analyzed using available computing resources at BNL; thus, performing track reconstruction in a timely manner is a challenge due to the high occupancy of heavy ion collision events. The sPHENIX experiment has recently implemented the A Common Tracking Software (ACTS) track reconstruction toolkit with the goal of reconstructing tracks with high efficiency and within a computational budget of 5 s per minimum bias event. This paper reports the performance status of ACTS as the default track fitting tool within sPHENIX, including discussion of the first implementation of a time projection chamber geometry within ACTS.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

In-medium bottomonium properties from lattice NRQCD calculations with extended meson operators

We calculate the temperature dependence of bottomonium correlators in (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD with the aim to constrain in-medium properties of bottomonia at high temperature. The lattice calculations are performed using HISQ action with physical strange quark mass and light quark masses twenty times smaller than the strange quark mass at two lattice spacings a = 0.0493 fm and 0.0602 fm, and temporal extents N τ = 16 − 30, corresponding to the temperatures T = 133 − 250 MeV. We use a tadpole-improved NRQCD action including spin-dependent v 6 corrections for the heavy quarks and extended meson operators in order to be sensitive to in-medium properties of the bottomonium states of interest. We find that within estimated errors the bottomonium masses do not change compared to their vacuum values for all temperatures under our consideration; however, we find different nonzero widths for the various bottomonium states.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗