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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 523 records · Page 29
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Microstructure characterisation and mechanical properties of a functionally-graded NbC/high chromium white cast iron composite

Highlights: • A functionally-graded NbC – white cast iron composite was centrifugally cast. • Primary NbC particle distribution follows Stokes' Law, with 30 vol% at the surface. • Presence of primary NbC particles refined eutectic M{sub 7}C{sub 3} morphology at the surface. • The surface layer was hard and wear resistant, while the interior was tougher. • NbC and M{sub 7}C{sub 3} carbides form independent eutectic structures within the interior. - Abstract: A functionally graded NbC – high chromium white cast iron composite was successfully fabricated by centrifugal casting for high wear applications. The migration of primary NbC particles to the outer periphery, as predicted by Stokes' law, resulted in an extremely hard outer layer at the surface of a softer bulk material. Microstructural characterisation showed that both the volume fraction and the morphology of the carbides varies along the thickness of the specimen. At the outer surface, the NbC was present as primary carbides while Chinese-script NbC was found in the bulk of the material. Hardness, sliding wear and three-point bending tests confirmed that the outer layer was harder and more wear resistant than the rest of the material, which was correspondingly tougher. The study of the fracture surface of the specimens showed that there is a strong bond between NbC and the matrix such that delamination between the reinforcements and the matrix did not occur during fracture. If Chinese-script NbC can be reduced or prevented in the bulk material, further improvements to toughness could be achieved.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

A novel red phosphor Ca{sub 12}Al{sub 14}O{sub 32}Cl{sub 2}:Eu{sup 3+} for near UV white light-emitting diodes

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Novel red phosphor Ca{sub 12}Al{sub 14}O{sub 32}Cl{sub 2}:Eu{sup 3+} was prepared by solid-state reaction. • Excitation spectra suggested an obvious absorption in near-ultraviolet region. • Under 392 nm excitation, the phosphors exhibited a red emission at 614 nm. • Ca{sub 12}Al{sub 14}O{sub 32}Cl{sub 2}:Eu{sup 3+} could be potentially applied in near UV white LEDs. - Abstract: A novel red phosphor Ca{sub 12}Al{sub 14}O{sub 32}Cl{sub 2}:Eu{sup 3+} was synthesized using a solid-state reaction method, and its luminescence characteristics and charge compensators effect (Li{sup +}, Na{sup +}, K{sup +}) were investigated. The excitation spectra showed a obvious absorption in near-ultraviolet region. Under 392 nm excitation, the phosphors exhibited an intense red emission at 614 nm. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates and quantum efficiency (QE) were (0.65, 0.35) and 62.3%, respectively. The good color saturation, high quantum efficiency and small thermal-quenching properties indicate that Ca{sub 12}Al{sub 14}O{sub 32}Cl{sub 2}:Eu{sup 3+} could be potentially applied in near UV white light-emitting diodes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

White-light luminescence properties of Mg and Sn doped ZnO prepared by thermal oxidation

Graphical abstract: The PL spectrum of MgSnZnO was measured at room temperature through multi-peak Gaussian fitting, it is found that the broad emission is composed of six peaks. - Highlights: • Mg and Sn doped ZnO are synthesized by thermal oxidation of MgSnZn alloys. • The structure is characterized by XRD and micro-Raman scattering technology. • The optical properties are characterized by photoluminescence spectrum. • The resulting Mg and Sn doped ZnO shows white photoluminescence. - Abstract: This work reports that Mg and Sn doped ZnO (MgSnZnO) are synthesized by thermal oxidation of MgSnZn alloys. The structure and optical properties are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman scattering technology and photoluminescence spectrum. Interestingly, the resulting MgSnZnO shows white photoluminescence. Additionally, the photoluminescence spectrum of MgSnZnO shows two broad emission bands ranging from 360 to 420 nm and 420 to 630 nm, respectively. Through multi-peak Gaussian fitting, it is found that the broad emission is composed of six Gaussian peaks. The six Gaussian peaks are centrered at 383 nm, 397 nm, 455 nm, 516 nm, 560 nm and 614 nm.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Temperature dependence of the luminescence of calcium-magnesium phosphate Ca{sub 3}Mg{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+}, a blue-emitting material for white light-emitting diodes

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Emission spectrum at 20 K confirms that Eu{sup 2+} ions occupy three sites. • Decay curves of three types of Eu{sup 2+} reflect the characteristics of energy transfer. • The Eu(I) emission is thermally quenched at 323 K. • Ca{sub 3}Mg{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+} has good thermal stability. • Ca{sub 3}Mg{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+} is a promising phosphor for near UV excited white LEDs. - Abstract: A blue-emitting phosphor Ca{sub 3}Mg{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+} peaking at 450 nm was synthesized by a solid state reaction. The XRD patterns, luminescence properties, decay curves of samples as well as their thermal quenching and comparing the luminescence properties with that of commercial material were investigated. At 20 K, the emission spectrum exhibiting two distinct bands peaking at 437 and 473 nm with a shoulder peak at 510 nm can be attributed to the overlap of Eu(I), Eu(II) and Eu(III) emission bands. At 423 K the PL intensity decreases to 80% of the value at room temperature, and the emission wavelength shifts toward high energy. The derived activation energy indicates that the lowest energy level of the Eu{sup 2+} 4f{sup 6}5d{sup 1} state is well isolated from the host lattice conduction band. The PL spectra and chromaticity coordinates are close to those of BAM. Ca{sub 3}Mg{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+} could be a potential candidate for near-UV excited white LEDs.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Ba{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 5}:Ce{sup 3+}: A novel blue emitting phosphor for white LEDs

Graphical abstract: Under the 350 nm radiation excitation, Ba{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 5}:Ce{sup 3+} has a broad blue emission band. When the temperature turned up to 150 °C, the emission intensity of Ba{sub 1.97}B{sub 2}O{sub 5}:0.03Ce{sup 3+} is 63.4% of the initial value at room temperature. The activation energy ΔE is calculated to be 0.25 eV, which prove the good thermal stability of Ba{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 5}:Ce{sup 3+}. All the properties indicate that Ba{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 5}:Ce{sup 3+} may have potential application in white LEDs. - Highlights: • Ba{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 5}:Ce{sup 3+} has a broad blue emission band under the 350 nm radiation excitation. • Emission intensity of Ba{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 5}:Ce{sup 3+} is 63.4% (150 °C) of the initial value (30 °C). • The activation energy ΔE for thermal quenching is 0.25 eV. - Abstract: A novel blue emitting phosphor Ba{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 5}:Ce{sup 3+} is synthesized by a high temperature solid state method. The luminescent property and the thermal stability of Ba{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 5}:Ce{sup 3+} are investigated. Under the 350 nm radiation excitation, Ba{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 5}:Ce{sup 3+} has a broad blue emission band, and the peak locates at 417 nm which is assigned to the 5d{sup 1}–4f{sup 1} transition of Ce{sup 3+}. It is further proved that the dipole–dipole interaction results in the concentration quenching of Ce{sup 3+} in Ba{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 5}:Ce{sup 3+}. When the temperature turned up to 150 °C, the emission intensity of Ba{sub 1.97}B{sub 2}O{sub 5}:0.03Ce{sup 3+} is 63.4% of the initial value at room temperature. The activation energy ΔE is calculated to be 0.25 eV, which prove the good thermal stability of Ba{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 5}:Ce{sup 3+}. All the properties indicate that Ba{sub 2}B{sub 2}O{sub 5}:Ce{sup 3+} may have potential application in white LEDs.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Photoluminescent and thermal properties of (Sr{sub 0.995−x−y−z}Ca{sub x}Ba{sub y}Mg{sub z}){sub 2}SiO{sub 4}:0.01Eu{sup 2+} phosphors for warm white light-emitting diodes

Highlights: • The photoluminescent property of Sr{sub 2}SiO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+} is improved by doping Ca{sup 2+} and Ba{sup 2+}. • The emission spectra red-shift obviously by doping Ca{sup 2+} into Sr{sub 2}SiO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+}. • The thermal stability is enhanced by doping Ba{sup 2+} into (Sr,Ca){sub 2}SiO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+}. • The improved phosphors can combine blue-LED chips to generate warm white light. - Abstract: A series of phosphors (Sr{sub 0.995−x−y−z}Ca{sub x}Ba{sub y}Mg{sub z}){sub 2}SiO{sub 4}:0.01Eu{sup 2+} (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.45, 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.015, 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.35) were synthesized by solid state reaction. Their phase compositions and photoluminescent properties were investigated in detail. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicates the impurity phase of SrSiO{sub 3} is formed only when z ≥ 0.25. A photoluminescence investigation shows, with x increasing the emission spectra of the phosphors (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.45, 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.015, z = 0) obviously red-shift, the corresponding color tones shift from yellow to orange–yellow and their CCTs reduce from 2875 to 2237 K. All the results are beneficial for the phosphors to combining blue light-emitting diode chips to generate warm white light. Besides, the thermal stability of the phosphor (x = 0.36, y = z = 0) is enhanced by doping Ba{sup 2+}, due to the greater activation energy for the compounds containing barium.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Luminescence properties of ZrW{sub 2}O{sub 8}:Eu{sup 3+} nanophosphors for white light emitting diodes

Highlights: • Eu{sup 3+} ions occupy C{sub 1} point group of the Zr{sup 4+} site in ZrW{sub 2}O{sub 8} crystals. • The optimum doping concentration of Eu{sup 3+} was determined for the red emission. • ZrW{sub 2}O{sub 8}:Eu possess high quantum efficiency and suitable chromaticity coordinates. - Abstract: ZrW{sub 2}O{sub 8}:Eu{sup 3+} nanophosphors (ca. 60 nm) with different Eu{sup 3+} doping concentrations were obtained using hydrothermal syntheses. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra as well as decay curve measurements were used for the characterization. Under 466 nm excitation, strong red emission at 616 nm corresponding to {sup 5}D{sub 0}–{sup 7}F{sub 2} transition of Eu{sup 3+} was observed for ZrW{sub 2}O{sub 8}:Eu{sup 3+} (9 mol%) phosphors. The values of intensity parameter Ω{sub 2} and Ω{sub 4} are 17.82 × 10{sup −20} cm{sup 2} and 1.092 × 10{sup −20} cm{sup 2}, respectively. The high quantum efficiency of 83.5% of the ZrW{sub 2}O{sub 8}:Eu{sup 3+} (9 mol%) suggests this material could be promising red phosphor for generating white light in phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (LED)

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Near white light emitting ZnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Dy{sup 3+} nanocrystals: Sol–gel synthesis and luminescence studies

Highlights: • ZnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Dy{sup 3+} spinel synthesized using sol–gel method. • Characterized by XRD, SEM and PL spectroscopy. • Investigations of emission, excitation and lifetime properties. • Evaluation of defect centers and trap parameters of the system. • Evaluation of CIE indices of near white light emitting phosphor. - Abstract: ZnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Dy{sup 3+} nanoparticles were synthesized using citrate sol–gel method and characterized systematically using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Emission spectrum of pure ZnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} shows intense violet blue emission under ultra violet irradiation. Based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results; it was attributed to presence of singly ionized oxygen vacancy centres in ZnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}. On doping Dy{sup 3+} in ZnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}, complete host–dopant energy transfer does not take place. Local structural investigation and lifetime measurements reveal that dysprosium ion is distributed between both Zn{sup 2+} and Al{sup 3+} sites. Near white light from ZnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Dy{sup 3+} is attributed to combined host and dopant luminescence. The trap parameters such as activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s) for TSL glow peak 165 °C were determined using different heating rate method. Thermally stimulated emission showed the presence of oxygen related defect centre.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

A flux-free method for synthesis of Ce{sup 3+}-doped YAG phosphor for white LEDs

Highlights: • A series of CeF{sub 3}-doped YAG phosphors were successfully synthesized. • CeF{sub 3} not only can be used as the Ce{sup 3+} source but also can play the role of a flux. • The QY of YAG:CeF{sub 3} phosphor is 91% but the QY of YAG:Ce{sub 2}O{sub 3} phosphor is just 80%. • YAG:CeF{sub 3} phosphor exhibits excellent thermal stability. • Using CeF{sub 3} as the Ce{sup 3+} source is a promising flux-free method to prepare YAG:Ce{sup 3+}. - Abstract: A series of CeF{sub 3}-doped Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} (YAG:CeF{sub 3}) phosphor, CeO{sub 2}-doped Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12} (YAG:Ce{sub 2}O{sub 3}) phosphor and 5 wt% BaF{sub 2} added YAG:Ce{sub 2}O{sub 3} (YAG:Ce{sub 2}O{sub 3} + BaF{sub 2}) phosphor were successfully synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. The microstructure, morphology, luminescence spectra, luminescence quantum yield (QY) and thermal quenching of the phosphors were investigated. The QY of YAG:CeF{sub 3} phosphor is 91% but the QY of YAG:Ce{sub 2}O{sub 3} phosphor is just 80%. At 150 °C, the luminescence intensity of YAG:CeF{sub 3} phosphor, YAG:Ce{sub 2}O{sub 3} phosphor and YAG:Ce{sub 2}O{sub 3} + BaF{sub 2} phosphor was 85%, 86% and 89% of that measured at 25 °C, respectively. The comprehensive performance of the white LED lamp employing YAG:CeF{sub 3} phosphor is even better than that of the white LED lamp employing YAG:Ce{sub 2}O{sub 3} + BaF{sub 2} phosphor. The experimental results show that it is a promising flux-free method to synthesize Ce{sup 3+}-doped YAG phosphor by employing CeF{sub 3} as the Ce{sup 3+} source.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

A Mg2+-Ge4+ substituting strategy for optimizing color rendering index and luminescence of YAG: Ce3+ phosphors for white LEDs

Highlights: • Mg{sup 2+}-Ge{sup 4+} ion pairs can partially substitute the Al{sup 3+} ions of YAG successfully. With the substitution, the garnet crystal structure remains unchanged. • With increasing Mg{sup 2+}-Ge{sup 4+} ions concentrations, the emission spectra show a progressive red-shift, from 528 to 552 nm (about 24 nm). • In white LEDs, with increasing Mg{sup 2+}-Ge{sup 4+} ions concentrations, the CCT decreased gradually from 6798 to 3261 K and the CRI increased from 76.5 to 89.3. - Abstract: Mg{sup 2+}-Ge{sup 4+} ions substituted YAG: Ce{sup 3+} phosphors (Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5-2x}Mg{sub x}Ge{sub x}O{sub 12}: Ce{sup 3+}) were prepared by high temperature solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning election microscope (SEM), Photoluminescence (PL) spectra and so on were used to characterize the samples. The effects of Mg{sup 2+}-Ge{sup 4+} concentrations on the morphology, structure, luminescence properties, fluorescence lifetime and white LED performance of YAG: Ce{sup 3+} phosphors were studied in detail. The results indicate that Mg{sup 2+}-Ge{sup 4+} ion pairs can partially substitute the Al{sup 3+} ions of YAG successfully. With the substitution, the garnet crystal structure remains unchanged. However the emission spectra show a progressive red-shift, from 528 to 552 nm (about 24 nm). The lifetime decreased rapidly from 84 to 26 ns. In particular, the correlated color temperature (CCT) decreases gradually from 6798 to 3261 K and the color rendering index (CRI) increases from 76.5 to 89.3 with the increasing of the incorporation content of Mg{sup 2+}-Ge{sup 4+} ion pairs.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Luminescence properties of Eu2+-activated NaCaBeSi2O6F for white light-emitting diode applications

Highlights: • A novel blue-emitting garnet NaCaBeSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}F:Eu{sup 2+} phosphor was synthesized. • The broad NUV excitation band (300–400 nm) gives blue emission. • The LED made with NaCaBeSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}F:Eu{sup 2+} and green and red-emitting phosphors gives white-light emission. - Abstract: A series of blue-emitting NaCaBeSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}F:Eu{sup 2+} phosphors were obtained via a solid state reaction. NaCaBeSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}F:Eu{sup 2+} exhibit a broad absorption from 250 to 450 nm when monitored at 467 nm and display a broad emission band from 400 to 600 nm when excited at 397 nm. The concentration quenching was obtained when the concentration of Eu{sup 2+} was increased to 0.8 mol%. Energy transfer interactions between Eu{sup 2+} in host is due to dipole-dipole mechanisms and the critical distance was calculated to be 31.96 Å. The results obtained in this study highly indicates that NaCaBeSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}F:Eu{sup 2+} can be a potential blue-emitting phosphor for light quality improvement in white-LED applications.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Wide range yellow emission Sr8MgLa(PO4)7: Eu2+, Mn2+, Tb3+ phosphors for near ultraviolet white LEDs

Highlights: • The wide range of the emission spectra of Sr{sub 8}MgLa(PO{sub 4}){sub 7}: Eu{sup 2+}{sub 0.03} were clarified by Van Uitert equation and the crystal field strength equation. • The Mn{sup 2+} and Tb{sup 3+} had enhanced the total PL intensity up to 30% comparing to only Eu{sup 2+} doped phosphor. • W-LEDs using Sr{sub 8}MgLa(PO{sub 4}){sub 7}: Eu{sup 2+}{sub 0.03}, Mn{sup 2+}{sub 0.06}, Tb{sup 3+}{sub 0.06} and BAM: Eu{sup 2+} resulted in an excellent CRI of 89 and CIE coordinates of (0.3463, 0.3898). - Abstract: A series of single phased phosphors Sr{sub 8}MgLa(PO{sub 4}){sub 7}: Eu{sup 2+}, Mn{sup 2+}, Tb{sup 3+} were synthesized by solid state reaction methods for applications of white light emitting diodes(w-LEDs). The broad absorption band at the near ultraviolet (NUV) region of 250–450 nm was obtained, which is ascribed to the 4f{sup 7}→ 4f{sup 6}5d{sup 1} electronic transition of the Eu{sup 2+} ions. Under NUV excitation, the broad yellow emission was obtained from tri-activated Sr{sub 8}MgLa(PO{sub 4}){sub 7} phosphors via combining three emission bands centered at 500, 550, and 600 nm contributed by Eu{sup 2+}, Tb{sup 3+} and Mn{sup 2+}, respectively. The optimized concentrations of Mn{sup 2+} and Tb{sup 3+} were 6 mol%, respectively, which enhanced the total PL intensity up to 30% comparing to only Eu{sup 2+} doped phosphor. Moreover, the quantum efficiency of Sr{sub 8}MgLa(PO{sub 4}){sub 7}: Eu{sup 2+}, Mn{sup 2+}, Tb{sup 3+} phosphor had achieved up to 52%. The combination of a NUV chip with compound of Sr{sub 8}MgLa(PO{sub 4}){sub 7}: Eu{sup 2+}, Mn{sup 2+}, Tb{sup 3+} and BaMgAl{sub 10}O{sub 17}:Eu{sup 2+} achieved tunable w-LEDs with high CRI. The results suggest that this single phased Sr{sub 8}MgLa(PO{sub 4}){sub 7}: Eu{sup 2+}, Mn{sup 2+}, Tb{sup 3+} phosphor can be a key for the phosphor converted w-LEDs for warm white light emission.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2013

White matter impairment in the speech network of individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Impairments in language and communication are core features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and a substantial percentage of children with ASD do not develop speech. ASD is often characterized as a disorder of brain connectivity, and a number of studies have identified white matter impairments in affected individuals. The current study investigated white matter integrity in the speech network of high-functioning adults with ASD. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans were collected from 18 participants with ASD and 18 neurotypical participants. Probabilistic tractography was used to estimate the connection strength between ventral premotor cortex (vPMC), a cortical region responsible for speech motor planning, and five other cortical regions in the network of areas involved in speech production. We found a weaker connection between the left vPMC and the supplementary motor area in the ASD group. This pathway has been hypothesized to underlie the initiation of speech motor programs. Our results indicate that a key pathway in the speech production network is impaired in ASD, and that this impairment can occur even in the presence of normal language abilities. Therapies that result in normalization of this pathway may hold particular promise for improving speech output in ASD

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease using brain morphometry and white matter connectomes

Accurate, reliable prediction of risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is essential for early, disease-modifying therapeutics. Multimodal MRI, such as structural and diffusion MRI, is likely to contain complementary information of neurodegenerative processes in AD. Here we tested the utility of the multimodal MRI (T1-weighted structure and diffusion MRI), combined with high-throughput brain phenotyping—morphometry and structural connectomics—and machine learning, as a diagnostic tool for AD. We used, firstly, a clinical cohort at a dementia clinic (National Health Insurance Service-Ilsan Hospital [NHIS-IH]; N = 211; 110 AD, 64 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 37 cognitively normal with subjective memory complaints [SMC]) to test the diagnostic models; and, secondly, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)-2 to test the generalizability. Our machine learning models trained on the morphometric and connectome estimates (number of features = 34,646) showed optimal classification accuracy (AD/SMC: 97% accuracy, MCI/SMC: 83% accuracy; AD/MCI: 97% accuracy) in NHIS-IH cohort, outperforming a benchmark model (FLAIR-based white matter hyperintensity volumes). In ADNI-2 data, the combined connectome and morphometry model showed similar or superior accuracies (AD/HC: 96%; MCI/HC: 70%; AD/MCI: 75% accuracy) compared with the CSF biomarker model (t-tau, p-tau, and Amyloid β, and ratios). In predicting MCI to AD progression in a smaller cohort of ADNI-2 (n = 60), the morphometry model showed similar performance with 69% accuracy compared with CSF biomarker model with 70% accuracy. Our comparisons of the classifiers trained on structural MRI, diffusion MRI, FLAIR, and CSF biomarkers showed the promising utility of the white matter structural connectomes in classifying AD and MCI in addition to the widely used structural MRI-based morphometry, when combined with machine learning.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

The electronics of the energy plane of the NEXT-White detector

This paper describes the electronics of NEXT-White (NEW) detector PMT plane, a high pressure xenon TPC with electroluminescent amplification (HPXe-EL) currently operating at the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc (LSC) in Huesca, Spain. In NEXT-White the energy of the event is measured by a plane of photomultipliers (PMTs) located behind a transparent cathode. The PMTs are Hamamatsu R11410-10 chosen due to their low radioactivity. The electronics have been designed and implemented to fulfill strict requirements: an overall energy resolution below 1% and a radiopurity budget of 20 mBq unit -1 in the chain of 214 Bi . All the components and materials have been carefully screened to assure a low radioactivity level and at the same time meet the required front-end electronics specifications. In order to reduce low frequency noise effects and enhance detector safety a grounded cathode connection has been used for the PMTs. This implies an AC-coupled readout and baseline variations in the PMT signals. A detailed description of the electronics and a novel approach based on a digital baseline restoration to obtain a linear response and handle AC coupling effects is presented. The final PMT channel design has been characterized with linearity better than 0.4% and noise below 0.4 mV.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2015

Transcriptional profiling of rat white adipose tissue response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin

Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins are environmental contaminants commonly produced as a by-product of industrial processes. The most potent of these, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin (TCDD), is highly lipophilic, leading to bioaccumulation. White adipose tissue (WAT) is a major site for energy storage, and is one of the organs in which TCDD accumulates. In laboratory animals, exposure to TCDD causes numerous metabolic abnormalities, including a wasting syndrome. We therefore investigated the molecular effects of TCDD exposure on WAT by profiling the transcriptomic response of WAT to 100 μg/kg of TCDD at 1 or 4 days in TCDD-sensitive Long-Evans (Turku/AB; L-E) rats. A comparative analysis was conducted simultaneously in identically treated TCDD-resistant Han/Wistar (Kuopio; H/W) rats one day after exposure to the same dose. We sought to identify transcriptomic changes coinciding with the onset of toxicity, while gaining additional insight into later responses. More transcriptional responses to TCDD were observed at 4 days than at 1 day post-exposure, suggesting WAT shows mostly secondary responses. Two classic AHR-regulated genes, Cyp1a1 and Nqo1, were significantly induced by TCDD in both strains, while several genes involved in the immune response, including Ms4a7 and F13a1 were altered in L-E rats alone. We compared genes affected by TCDD in rat WAT and human adipose cells, and observed little overlap. Interestingly, very few genes involved in lipid metabolism exhibited altered expression levels despite the pronounced lipid mobilization from peripheral fat pads by TCDD in L-E rats. Of these genes, the lipolysis-associated Lpin1 was induced slightly over 2-fold in L-E rat WAT on day 4. - Highlights: • Exposure to TCDD causes wasting syndrome in L-E rats but not in H/W rats. • We examined the transcriptome of TCDD-treated L-E and H/W rat white adipose tissue. • L-E WAT demonstrated altered abundance of several genes involved in immune response. • Few genes had altered abundance in both L-E rat WAT and human adipocytes (hMADS). • Pmepa1 was induced in both L-E WAT and differentiated hMADS cells.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Halides (C 5 H 7 N 2 ) 2 MBr 4 (M = Hg, Zn) with High Color Rendering Index and High-Efficiency White-Light Emission

Low-dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic materials (HOIMs) are being widely investigated for their unique optoelectronic properties. Some of them exhibit broadband white-light (WL) luminescence upon UV excitation, providing a potential for the fabrication of single-component white-light-emitting diodes. We report new examples of low-dimensional HOIMs, based on 4-aminopyridinium (4AMP) and group 12 metals (Hg and Zn), for single-component WL emission. The 4AMP cation containing structures feature HgBr 4 and ZnBr 4 isolated tetrahedra in (C 5 H 7 N 2 ) 2 HgBr 4 ·H 2 O (1) and (C 5 H 7 N 2 ) 2 ZnBr 4 (2), respectively. The presence of isolated molecular units in the zero-dimensional structures results in strongly localized charges and bright WL luminescence with corresponding Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage color coordinates of (0.34, 0.38) and (0.25, 0.26), correlated color temperatures of 5206 K (1) and 11 630 K (2), and very high color rendering indexes (CRI) of 87 (1) and 96 (2). The visibly bright WL emission at room temperature is corroborated with high measured photoluminescence quantum yield values of 14.87 and 19.18% for 1 and 2, respectively. Notably, the high CRI values for these new HOIMs exceed the commercial requirements and produce both “warm” and “cold” WL depending on the metal used (Hg or Zn). Based on temperature- and powder-dependent photoluminescence (PL), PL lifetimes measurements and density functional theory calculations, the broadband WL emission is assigned to the 4AMP organic molecules emission and self-trapped states.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Solid-State Lighting Using Side-by-Side White Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) have become increasingly popular for use in solid-state illumination, where diffuse, large area light sources that achieve a high color rendering index and luminous power efficiency are desirable. Color-tunable emission, where the light source combines emission from multiple, separately addressed color elements, is conveniently provided by WOLEDs for the purpose of adapting the lighting source to a particular illumination requirement. In this work, we demonstrate a method for side-by-side positioning of monochromatic blue and yellow phosphorescent OLED stripes that are combined to create tunable white light, using a high resolution mechanical peel-off patterning method. We achieve a peak luminous power efficiency of 17.1 ± 0.3 lm W –1 and an external quantum efficiency of 11.8 ± 0.2% and demonstrate color tunability of the 1960 Commission Internationale d’Eclairage chromaticity coordinates from (u,v) = (0.33,0.36) to (0.12,0.32). This corresponds to a tuning rnge of the color rendering index from 74 ± 1 to 86 ± 1 and the correlated color temperature from 2000 to 8000 ± 500 K. Here, due to the nondestructive nature of the peel-off technique, patterned devices exhibit a lifetime comparable to conventional, shadow mask-patterned devices.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗