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Open-source Wireless Sensor Network (Wi-Se Net) for Flexible Deployment

Wireless sensors, especially if battery powered, have a number of advantages over wired sensors for flexible or temporary diagnostic deployment in a field or lab setting. Recent advances in wireless technology and microprocessor boards have produced a variety of inexpensive off-the shelf chips which can communicate wirelessly with simple protocols. This paper describes the design and implementation of a highly customizable wireless sensor network (called WiSe Net) using inexpensive open-source hardware components as wireless nodes. These wireless sensor nodes can transmit data at a rate <250 Hz, can be battery powered, and have a small footprint (2x5 cm). In addition, a preliminary over-the-air programming system was developed to allow for simple wireless configuration when active. The network performance was demonstrated by taking distributed and electrically isolated temperature measurements on a high-voltage lab apparatus. Although this test case is in a laboratory setting, this network architecture could be easily repurposed for various other forms of monitoring.

Wireless Sensor Network↗

Autonomous Constrained Control for Arbitrary Configurations of Gimbaling Thrusters in SE(3)

In order to develop robust autonomy in spacecraft, it is desirable to develop methods for controlling a spacecraft in various configurations with any combination of thrusters of various types and both for static RCS thrusters and gimbaling thrusters. In the case of a stuck thruster imposing unplanned and undesired motion both translational and rotational or in the case of a malfunctioning thruster, it is desirable for that spacecraft to have the ability to identify and overcome that problem without human intervention. To that end, a spacecraft must be able to rapidly and autonomously reconfigure thruster firing histories and update guidance protocols. In this paper, a method for a spacecraft to autonomously select thrusters of any configuration is presented. The residual motion imposed by off-nominal or not-fully-controllable thruster configurations is identified by the spacecraft and solved for, both for static reaction control systems and gimbaling engines.

Matthew M. Witta↗

Materials Data on K16Zr12Se61 by Materials Project

K16Zr12Se61 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are sixteen inequivalent K sites. In the first K site, K is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.41–3.80 Å. In the second K site, K is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to seven Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.33–3.83 Å. In the third K site, K is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.53–3.93 Å. In the fourth K site, K is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.40–3.68 Å. In the fifth K site, K is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to nine Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.46–3.94 Å. In the sixth K site, K is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.34–3.63 Å. In the seventh K site, K is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.35–3.87 Å. In the eighth K site, K is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.38–3.80 Å. In the ninth K site, K is bonded to eight Se atoms to form distorted KSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one ZrSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, corners with two ZrSe7 pentagonal bipyramids, edges with two ZrSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, and an edgeedge with one ZrSe7 pentagonal bipyramid. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.34–3.71 Å. In the tenth K site, K is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.38–3.87 Å. In the eleventh K site, K is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.36–3.62 Å. In the twelfth K site, K is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.37–3.85 Å. In the thirteenth K site, K is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.35–3.96 Å. In the fourteenth K site, K is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to eleven Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.55–4.00 Å. In the fifteenth K site, K is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.29–3.77 Å. In the sixteenth K site, K is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of K–Se bond distances ranging from 3.42–3.79 Å. There are twelve inequivalent Zr sites. In the first Zr site, Zr is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Zr–Se bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.96 Å. In the second Zr site, Zr is bonded to seven Se atoms to form distorted ZrSe7 pentagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one KSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one ZrSe7 pentagonal bipyramid, and a faceface with one ZrSe8 hexagonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Zr–Se bond distances ranging from 2.60–2.87 Å. In the third Zr site, Zr is bonded to eight Se atoms to form distorted face-sharing ZrSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Zr–Se bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.86 Å. In the fourth Zr site, Zr is bonded to eight Se atoms to form distorted ZrSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share an edgeedge with one KSe8 hexagonal bipyramid and a faceface with one ZrSe7 pentagonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Zr–Se bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.89 Å. In the fifth Zr site, Zr is bonded to seven Se atoms to form distorted ZrSe7 pentagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one KSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one ZrSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, and a faceface with one ZrSe8 hexagonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Zr–Se bond distances ranging from 2.58–2.93 Å. In the sixth Zr site, Zr is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Zr–Se bond distances ranging from 2.73–2.98 Å. In the seventh Zr site, Zr is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Zr–Se bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.98 Å. In the eighth Zr site, Zr is bonded to eight Se atoms to form distorted ZrSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one KSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one ZrSe7 pentagonal bipyramid, and a faceface with one ZrSe8 hexagonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Zr–Se bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.88 Å. In the ninth Zr site, Zr is bonded to eight Se atoms to form distorted ZrSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share an edgeedge with one KSe8 hexagonal bipyramid and a faceface with one ZrSe7 pentagonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Zr–Se bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.88 Å. In the tenth Zr site, Zr is bonded to eight Se atoms to form distorted face-sharing ZrSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Zr–Se bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.88 Å. In the eleventh Zr site, Zr is bonded to seven Se atoms to form distorted ZrSe7 pentagonal bipyramids that share an edgeedge with one KSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one ZrSe7 pentagonal bipyramid, and a faceface with one ZrSe8 hexagonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Zr–Se bond distances ranging from 2.60–2.88 Å. In the twelfth Zr site, Zr is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Zr–Se bond distances ranging from 2.71–2.94 Å. There are sixty-one inequivalent Se sites. In the first Se site, Se is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and two Se atoms. There are one shorter (2.46 Å) and one longer (2.94 Å) Se–Se bond lengths. In the second Se site, Se is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.41 Å. In the third Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.48 Å. In the fourth Se site, Se is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and two Se atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.86 Å. In the fifth Se site, Se is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.42 Å. In the sixth Se site, Se is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.40 Å. In the seventh Se site, Se is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K, one Zr, and two Se atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.42 Å. In the eighth Se site, Se is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two K, one Zr, and one Se atom. In the ninth Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.42 Å. In the tenth Se site, Se is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one K, two Zr, and one Se atom. In the eleventh Se site, Se is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and two Se atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.42 Å. In the twelfth Se site, Se is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one K, two Zr, and one Se atom. In the thirteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and one Se atom. In the fourteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one K, two Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.40 Å. In the fifteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K, one Zr, and two Se atoms. There are one shorter (2.45 Å) and one longer (2.95 Å) Se–Se bond lengths. In the sixteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.45 Å. In the seventeenth Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three K and two Zr atoms. In the eighteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one K, two Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.43 Å. In the nineteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.43 Å. In the twentieth Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and one Se atom. In the twenty-first Se site, Se is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and one Se atom. In the twenty-second Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.43 Å. In the twenty-third Se site, Se is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four K, one Zr, and one Se atom. In the twenty-fourth Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and one Se atom. In the twenty-fifth Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three K and two Zr atoms. In the twenty-sixth Se site, Se is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and two Se atoms. There are one shorter (2.47 Å) and one longer (2.96 Å) Se–Se bond lengths. In the twenty-seventh Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and one Se atom. In the twenty-eighth Se site, Se is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and one Se atom. In the twenty-ninth Se site, Se is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K, one Zr, and one Se atom. In the thirtieth Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.43 Å. In the thirty-first Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and one Se atom. In the thirty-second Se site, Se is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two K, one Zr, and two Se atoms. There are one shorter (2.41 Å) and one longer (2.89 Å) Se–Se bond lengths. In the thirty-third Se site, Se is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.45 Å. In the thirty-fourth Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.39 Å. In the thirty-fifth Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.47 Å. In the thirty-sixth Se site, Se is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and two Se atoms. In the thirty-seventh Se site, Se is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and two Se atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.47 Å. In the thirty-eighth Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.41 Å. In the thirty-ninth Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and one Se atom. In the fortieth Se site, Se is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and one Se atom. In the forty-first Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.42 Å. In the forty-second Se site, Se is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.39 Å. In the forty-third Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and one Se atom. In the forty-fourth Se site, Se is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and one Se atom. In the forty-fifth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry to three K and two Zr atoms. In the forty-sixth Se site, Se is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and one Se atom. In the forty-seventh Se site, Se is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K, one Zr, and two Se atoms. In the forty-eighth Se site, Se is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one K, two Zr, and one Se atom. In the forty-ninth Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two K, two Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.42 Å. In the fiftieth Se site, Se is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one K, two Zr, and one Se atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.40 Å. In the fifty-first Se site, Se is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three K, one Zr, and two Se atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Dy6Se11 by Materials Project

Dy6Se11 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twenty-four inequivalent Dy3+ sites. In the first Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.98–3.14 Å. In the second Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.96–3.00 Å. In the third Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.03 Å. In the fourth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry to seven Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.89–2.99 Å. In the fifth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.93–3.00 Å. In the sixth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.13 Å. In the seventh Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.13 Å. In the eighth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.25 Å. In the ninth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.93–3.08 Å. In the tenth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.95–2.99 Å. In the eleventh Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a pentagonal bipyramidal geometry to seven Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.87–2.93 Å. In the twelfth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.08 Å. In the thirteenth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.25 Å. In the fourteenth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.20 Å. In the fifteenth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a pentagonal bipyramidal geometry to seven Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.86–2.95 Å. In the sixteenth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.93–3.03 Å. In the seventeenth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.18 Å. In the eighteenth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.00 Å. In the nineteenth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.03 Å. In the twentieth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.03 Å. In the twenty-first Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.96–3.12 Å. In the twenty-second Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.97–3.04 Å. In the twenty-third Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.01 Å. In the twenty-fourth Dy3+ site, Dy3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Dy–Se bond distances ranging from 2.93–3.05 Å. There are forty-four inequivalent Se+1.64- sites. In the first Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ atoms. In the second Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the third Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the fourth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the fifth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Dy3+ atoms. In the sixth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the seventh Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the eighth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Dy3+ and one Se+1.64- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.46 Å. In the ninth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ and one Se+1.64- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.55 Å. In the tenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ atoms. In the eleventh Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ atoms. In the twelfth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ and one Se+1.64- atom. In the thirteenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ and one Se+1.64- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.84 Å. In the fourteenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the fifteenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the sixteenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the seventeenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the eighteenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the nineteenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the twentieth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ atoms. In the twenty-first Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ and two Se+1.64- atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.54 Å. In the twenty-second Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ atoms. In the twenty-third Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ and one Se+1.64- atom. In the twenty-fourth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ and one Se+1.64- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.85 Å. In the twenty-fifth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the twenty-sixth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the twenty-seventh Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the twenty-eighth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the twenty-ninth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the thirtieth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Dy3+ atoms. In the thirty-first Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ and two Se+1.64- atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.53 Å. In the thirty-second Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ atoms. In the thirty-third Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ and one Se+1.64- atom. In the thirty-fourth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ atoms. In the thirty-fifth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ atoms. In the thirty-sixth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the thirty-seventh Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the thirty-eighth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Dy3+ atoms. In the thirty-ninth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Dy3+ atoms. In the fortieth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the forty-first Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Dy3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeDy5 trigonal bipyramids. In the forty-second Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ atoms. In the forty-third Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Dy3+ atoms. In the forty-fourth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Dy3+ and one Se+1.64- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ho6Se11 by Materials Project

Ho6Se11 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twenty-four inequivalent Ho3+ sites. In the first Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.96–3.13 Å. In the second Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.00 Å. In the third Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.93–3.01 Å. In the fourth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry to seven Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.87–2.98 Å. In the fifth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–2.99 Å. In the sixth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.12 Å. In the seventh Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.13 Å. In the eighth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.93–3.26 Å. In the ninth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.06 Å. In the tenth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.95–2.97 Å. In the eleventh Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a pentagonal bipyramidal geometry to seven Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.86–2.91 Å. In the twelfth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.93–3.07 Å. In the thirteenth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.25 Å. In the fourteenth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.20 Å. In the fifteenth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a pentagonal bipyramidal geometry to seven Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.85–2.93 Å. In the sixteenth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.01 Å. In the seventeenth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.17 Å. In the eighteenth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.91–2.99 Å. In the nineteenth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.02 Å. In the twentieth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.03 Å. In the twenty-first Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.12 Å. In the twenty-second Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.02 Å. In the twenty-third Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.04 Å. In the twenty-fourth Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.64- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Se bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.00 Å. There are forty-four inequivalent Se+1.64- sites. In the first Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ atoms. In the second Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the third Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the fourth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the fifth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ho3+ atoms. In the sixth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the seventh Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the eighth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Ho3+ and one Se+1.64- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.46 Å. In the ninth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ atoms. In the tenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ atoms. In the eleventh Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ atoms. In the twelfth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ atoms. In the thirteenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ and one Se+1.64- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.86 Å. In the fourteenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the fifteenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the sixteenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the seventeenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the eighteenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the nineteenth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the twentieth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ atoms. In the twenty-first Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ and two Se+1.64- atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.52 Å. In the twenty-second Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ atoms. In the twenty-third Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ and one Se+1.64- atom. In the twenty-fourth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ and one Se+1.64- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.86 Å. In the twenty-fifth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the twenty-sixth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the twenty-seventh Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the twenty-eighth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the twenty-ninth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the thirtieth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ho3+ atoms. In the thirty-first Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ and two Se+1.64- atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.52 Å. In the thirty-second Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ atoms. In the thirty-third Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ and one Se+1.64- atom. In the thirty-fourth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ atoms. In the thirty-fifth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ atoms. In the thirty-sixth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the thirty-seventh Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the thirty-eighth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ho3+ atoms. In the thirty-ninth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ho3+ atoms. In the fortieth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the forty-first Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded to five Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeHo5 trigonal bipyramids. In the forty-second Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ atoms. In the forty-third Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Ho3+ atoms. In the forty-fourth Se+1.64- site, Se+1.64- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Ho3+ and one Se+1.64- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na2Ti2Se9 by Materials Project

Na2Ti2Se9 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Se+1.11- atoms. There are a spread of Na–Se bond distances ranging from 2.99–3.26 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Se+1.11- atoms. There are a spread of Na–Se bond distances ranging from 2.98–3.47 Å. In the third Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Se+1.11- atoms. There are a spread of Na–Se bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.46 Å. In the fourth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.11- atoms. There are a spread of Na–Se bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.56 Å. In the fifth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Se+1.11- atoms. There are a spread of Na–Se bond distances ranging from 2.99–3.63 Å. In the sixth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Se+1.11- atoms. There are a spread of Na–Se bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.43 Å. In the seventh Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Se+1.11- atoms. There are a spread of Na–Se bond distances ranging from 3.00–3.40 Å. In the eighth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Se+1.11- atoms. There are a spread of Na–Se bond distances ranging from 3.01–3.37 Å. There are eight inequivalent Ti4+ sites. In the first Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to seven Se+1.11- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and face-sharing TiSe7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Ti–Se bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.78 Å. In the second Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to seven Se+1.11- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and face-sharing TiSe7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Ti–Se bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.74 Å. In the third Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to seven Se+1.11- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and face-sharing TiSe7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Ti–Se bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.76 Å. In the fourth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to seven Se+1.11- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and face-sharing TiSe7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Ti–Se bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.72 Å. In the fifth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to seven Se+1.11- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and face-sharing TiSe7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Ti–Se bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.76 Å. In the sixth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to seven Se+1.11- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and face-sharing TiSe7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Ti–Se bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.76 Å. In the seventh Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to seven Se+1.11- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and face-sharing TiSe7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Ti–Se bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.71 Å. In the eighth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to seven Se+1.11- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and face-sharing TiSe7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Ti–Se bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.74 Å. There are thirty-six inequivalent Se+1.11- sites. In the first Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one Ti4+ atom. In the second Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Ti4+, and one Se+1.11- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.39 Å. In the third Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, two Ti4+, and one Se+1.11- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.41 Å. In the fourth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the fifth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the sixth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one Ti4+ atom. In the seventh Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Na1+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the eighth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and one Ti4+ atom. In the ninth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti4+ atoms. In the tenth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry to three Na1+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the eleventh Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the twelfth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti4+ and one Se+1.11- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.39 Å. In the thirteenth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, two Ti4+, and one Se+1.11- atom. In the fourteenth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Ti4+, and one Se+1.11- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.41 Å. In the fifteenth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one Ti4+ atom. In the sixteenth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, two Ti4+, and one Se+1.11- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.39 Å. In the seventeenth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Ti4+, and one Se+1.11- atom. In the eighteenth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti4+ atoms. In the nineteenth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Ti4+, and one Se+1.11- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.40 Å. In the twentieth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Ti4+, and one Se+1.11- atom. In the twenty-first Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Na1+ and one Ti4+ atom. In the twenty-second Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one Ti4+ atom. In the twenty-third Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Na1+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the twenty-fourth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one Ti4+ atom. In the twenty-fifth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, two Ti4+, and one Se+1.11- atom. In the twenty-sixth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ti4+ and one Se+1.11- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.41 Å. In the twenty-seventh Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Na1+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the twenty-eighth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Ti4+, and one Se+1.11- atom. In the twenty-ninth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one Ti4+ atom. In the thirtieth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti4+ and one Se+1.11- atom. In the thirty-first Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti4+ atoms. In the thirty-second Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ti4+ atoms. In the thirty-third Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, two Ti4+, and one Se+1.11- atom. In the thirty-fourth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Ti4+, and one Se+1.11- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.39 Å. In the thirty-fifth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, two Ti4+, and one Se+1.11- atom. In the thirty-sixth Se+1.11- site, Se+1.11- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Ti4+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Y7Cu3(GeSe7)3 by Materials Project

Y7Cu3(GeSe7)3 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are fourteen inequivalent Y3+ sites. In the first Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Y–Se bond distances ranging from 2.84–3.36 Å. In the second Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Y–Se bond distances ranging from 2.89–3.35 Å. In the third Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Y–Se bond distances ranging from 2.86–3.34 Å. In the fourth Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Y–Se bond distances ranging from 2.87–3.33 Å. In the fifth Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Y–Se bond distances ranging from 2.87–3.44 Å. In the sixth Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Y–Se bond distances ranging from 2.84–3.39 Å. In the seventh Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Y–Se bond distances ranging from 2.86–3.34 Å. In the eighth Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Y–Se bond distances ranging from 2.86–3.38 Å. In the ninth Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Y–Se bond distances ranging from 2.85–3.36 Å. In the tenth Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Y–Se bond distances ranging from 2.87–3.44 Å. In the eleventh Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Y–Se bond distances ranging from 2.88–3.29 Å. In the twelfth Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Y–Se bond distances ranging from 2.87–3.33 Å. In the thirteenth Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Y–Se bond distances ranging from 2.87–3.33 Å. In the fourteenth Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Y–Se bond distances ranging from 2.88–3.38 Å. There are six inequivalent Cu1+ sites. In the first Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–Se bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.37 Å. In the second Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–Se bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.37 Å. In the third Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–Se bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.36 Å. In the fourth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Se+1.71- atoms. There are one shorter (2.35 Å) and two longer (2.36 Å) Cu–Se bond lengths. In the fifth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–Se bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.36 Å. In the sixth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Se+1.71- atoms. There are two shorter (2.33 Å) and one longer (2.37 Å) Cu–Se bond lengths. There are six inequivalent Ge4+ sites. In the first Ge4+ site, Ge4+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Ge–Se bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.42 Å. In the second Ge4+ site, Ge4+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Ge–Se bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.42 Å. In the third Ge4+ site, Ge4+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Ge–Se bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.42 Å. In the fourth Ge4+ site, Ge4+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Ge–Se bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.43 Å. In the fifth Ge4+ site, Ge4+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Ge–Se bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.41 Å. In the sixth Ge4+ site, Ge4+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Se+1.71- atoms. There are a spread of Ge–Se bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.41 Å. There are forty-two inequivalent Se+1.71- sites. In the first Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the second Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the third Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the fourth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the fifth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the sixth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the seventh Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the eighth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the ninth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the tenth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the eleventh Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the twelfth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the thirteenth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the fourteenth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the fifteenth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the sixteenth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the seventeenth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the eighteenth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the nineteenth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the twentieth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to three Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the twenty-first Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the twenty-second Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to three Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the twenty-third Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the twenty-fourth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two Y3+ and one Ge4+ atom. In the twenty-fifth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the twenty-sixth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the twenty-seventh Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the twenty-eighth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the twenty-ninth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the thirtieth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the thirty-first Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the thirty-second Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the thirty-third Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the thirty-fourth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the thirty-fifth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the thirty-sixth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the thirty-seventh Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the thirty-eighth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the thirty-ninth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the fortieth Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the forty-first Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the forty-second Se+1.71- site, Se+1.71- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Y3+ and one Cu1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Rb6Ga10Se20O61 by Materials Project

Rb6Ga10Se20O61 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Rb sites. In the first Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.38 Å. In the second Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.38 Å. In the third Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve O atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 3.21–3.59 Å. In the fourth Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve O atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 3.19–3.59 Å. In the fifth Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to one Se and seven O atoms. The Rb–Se bond length is 3.61 Å. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.84–3.33 Å. In the sixth Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to one Se and eight O atoms. The Rb–Se bond length is 3.60 Å. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.82–3.49 Å. There are ten inequivalent Ga sites. In the first Ga site, Ga is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.05 Å. In the second Ga site, Ga is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.06 Å. In the third Ga site, Ga is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.04 Å. In the fourth Ga site, Ga is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.05 Å. In the fifth Ga site, Ga is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There is three shorter (1.87 Å) and one longer (1.88 Å) Ga–O bond length. In the sixth Ga site, Ga is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There is three shorter (1.87 Å) and one longer (1.88 Å) Ga–O bond length. In the seventh Ga site, Ga is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.03 Å. In the eighth Ga site, Ga is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.03 Å. In the ninth Ga site, Ga is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.05 Å. In the tenth Ga site, Ga is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Ga–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.05 Å. There are twenty inequivalent Se sites. In the first Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There is two shorter (1.72 Å) and one longer (1.79 Å) Se–O bond length. In the second Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of Se–O bond distances ranging from 1.71–1.79 Å. In the third Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of Se–O bond distances ranging from 1.68–1.73 Å. In the fourth Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of Se–O bond distances ranging from 1.66–1.73 Å. In the fifth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There is two shorter (1.72 Å) and one longer (1.74 Å) Se–O bond length. In the sixth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There is one shorter (1.72 Å) and two longer (1.73 Å) Se–O bond length. In the seventh Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There is two shorter (1.71 Å) and one longer (1.79 Å) Se–O bond length. In the eighth Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There is two shorter (1.71 Å) and one longer (1.78 Å) Se–O bond length. In the ninth Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There is two shorter (1.73 Å) and one longer (1.77 Å) Se–O bond length. In the tenth Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There is two shorter (1.73 Å) and one longer (1.77 Å) Se–O bond length. In the eleventh Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There is two shorter (1.72 Å) and one longer (1.77 Å) Se–O bond length. In the twelfth Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There is two shorter (1.72 Å) and one longer (1.77 Å) Se–O bond length. In the thirteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of Se–O bond distances ranging from 1.73–1.76 Å. In the fourteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of Se–O bond distances ranging from 1.73–1.76 Å. In the fifteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Rb and three O atoms. There is one shorter (1.72 Å) and two longer (1.73 Å) Se–O bond length. In the sixteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Rb and three O atoms. All Se–O bond lengths are 1.73 Å. In the seventeenth Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There is one shorter (1.73 Å) and two longer (1.74 Å) Se–O bond length. In the eighteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There is one shorter (1.73 Å) and two longer (1.74 Å) Se–O bond length. In the nineteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. All Se–O bond lengths are 1.73 Å. In the twentieth Se site, Se is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. All Se–O bond lengths are 1.73 Å. There are sixty-one inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ga and one Se atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ga and one Se atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Se atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Se atom. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ga and one Se atom. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ga and one Se atom. In the fifteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the sixteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the seventeenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the eighteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the nineteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the twentieth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the twenty-first O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb and one Se atom. In the twenty-second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb and one Se atom. In the twenty-third O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the twenty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the twenty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the twenty-sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the twenty-seventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the twenty-eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the twenty-ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the thirtieth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the thirty-first O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ga and one Se atom. In the thirty-second O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ga and one Se atom. In the thirty-third O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the thirty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the thirty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the thirty-sixth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the thirty-seventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the thirty-eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the thirty-ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the fortieth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the forty-first O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the forty-second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the forty-third O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the forty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the forty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the forty-sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the forty-seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ga and one Se atom. In the forty-eighth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ga and one Se atom. In the forty-ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the fiftieth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the fifty-first O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ga and one Se atom. In the fifty-second O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ga and one Se atom. In the fifty-third O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the fifty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the fifty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Rb, one Ga, and one Se atom. In the fifty-sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Rb,

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Tm23Se32 by Materials Project

Tm23Se32 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twenty-three inequivalent Tm sites. In the first Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–4°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.77–2.94 Å. In the second Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–2°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.76–2.86 Å. In the third Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–5°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.78–2.87 Å. In the fourth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 3°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.88 Å. In the fifth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–6°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.77–2.91 Å. In the sixth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–5°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.73–2.88 Å. In the seventh Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form edge-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.90 Å. In the eighth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–5°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.78–2.91 Å. In the ninth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–3°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.81–2.85 Å. In the tenth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–4°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.79–2.90 Å. In the eleventh Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–4°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.92 Å. In the twelfth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–4°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.77–2.95 Å. In the thirteenth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–4°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.80–2.83 Å. In the fourteenth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–4°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.79–2.94 Å. In the fifteenth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 3°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.89 Å. In the sixteenth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.81–2.87 Å. In the seventeenth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–5°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.77–2.90 Å. In the eighteenth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.88 Å. In the nineteenth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–5°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.91 Å. In the twentieth Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–6°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.79–2.89 Å. In the twenty-first Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–5°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.79–2.90 Å. In the twenty-second Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–2°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.82–2.85 Å. In the twenty-third Tm site, Tm is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TmSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–4°. There are a spread of Tm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.79–2.90 Å. There are thirty-two inequivalent Se sites. In the first Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three Tm atoms. In the second Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the third Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the fourth Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the fifth Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the sixth Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the seventh Se site, Se is bonded to five Tm atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing SeTm5 square pyramids. In the eighth Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the ninth Se site, Se is bonded in a T-shaped geometry to three Tm atoms. In the tenth Se site, Se is bonded to five Tm atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing SeTm5 square pyramids. In the eleventh Se site, Se is bonded to five Tm atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing SeTm5 square pyramids. In the twelfth Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the thirteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the fourteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the fifteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the sixteenth Se site, Se is bonded to five Tm atoms to form SeTm5 square pyramids that share a cornercorner with one SeTm6 octahedra and an edgeedge with one SeTm5 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 4°. In the seventeenth Se site, Se is bonded to six Tm atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing SeTm6 octahedra. In the eighteenth Se site, Se is bonded to five Tm atoms to form SeTm5 square pyramids that share corners with four equivalent SeTm5 square pyramids, edges with two equivalent SeTm6 octahedra, and edges with four SeTm5 square pyramids. In the nineteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the twentieth Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the twenty-first Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the twenty-second Se site, Se is bonded to five Tm atoms to form SeTm5 square pyramids that share corners with three SeTm5 square pyramids, an edgeedge with one SeTm6 octahedra, and edges with three SeTm5 square pyramids. In the twenty-third Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the twenty-fourth Se site, Se is bonded to five Tm atoms to form SeTm5 square pyramids that share corners with three SeTm5 square pyramids, an edgeedge with one SeTm6 octahedra, and edges with three SeTm5 square pyramids. In the twenty-fifth Se site, Se is bonded to five Tm atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing SeTm5 square pyramids. In the twenty-sixth Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the twenty-seventh Se site, Se is bonded to five Tm atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing SeTm5 square pyramids. In the twenty-eighth Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the twenty-ninth Se site, Se is bonded to five Tm atoms to form SeTm5 square pyramids that share corners with four equivalent SeTm5 square pyramids, edges with two equivalent SeTm6 octahedra, and edges with four SeTm5 square pyramids. In the thirtieth Se site, Se is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Tm atoms. In the thirty-first Se site, Se is bonded to five Tm atoms to form SeTm5 square pyramids that share corners with four equivalent SeTm6 octahedra, corners with two SeTm5 square pyramids, and edges with four SeTm5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–4°. In the thirty-second Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three Tm atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Sm31(CuSe16)3 by Materials Project

Sm31(CuSe16)3 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are thirty-one inequivalent Sm sites. In the first Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.18 Å. In the second Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.35 Å. In the third Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.31 Å. In the fourth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.45 Å. In the fifth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.35 Å. In the sixth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.29 Å. In the seventh Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.21 Å. In the eighth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.43 Å. In the ninth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.41 Å. In the tenth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.34 Å. In the eleventh Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.93–3.40 Å. In the twelfth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.21 Å. In the thirteenth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.22 Å. In the fourteenth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.42 Å. In the fifteenth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.30 Å. In the sixteenth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.21 Å. In the seventeenth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.30 Å. In the eighteenth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.18 Å. In the nineteenth Sm site, Sm is bonded to eight Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SmSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.23 Å. In the twentieth Sm site, Sm is bonded to eight Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SmSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.24 Å. In the twenty-first Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.93–3.21 Å. In the twenty-second Sm site, Sm is bonded to eight Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SmSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.18 Å. In the twenty-third Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.35 Å. In the twenty-fourth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.29 Å. In the twenty-fifth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.37 Å. In the twenty-sixth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.36 Å. In the twenty-seventh Sm site, Sm is bonded to eight Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SmSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.28 Å. In the twenty-eighth Sm site, Sm is bonded to eight Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SmSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.22 Å. In the twenty-ninth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.20 Å. In the thirtieth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.42 Å. In the thirty-first Sm site, Sm is bonded to eight Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted face and corner-sharing SmSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Sm–Se bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.24 Å. There are three inequivalent Cu sites. In the first Cu site, Cu is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Se atoms. There are a spread of Cu–Se bond distances ranging from 2.63–2.93 Å. In the second Cu site, Cu is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four Se atoms. There are a spread of Cu–Se bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.94 Å. In the third Cu site, Cu is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Se atoms. There are a spread of Cu–Se bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.85 Å. There are forty-eight inequivalent Se sites. In the first Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm and one Cu atom to form distorted SeSm5Cu octahedra that share corners with four SeSm5Cu octahedra, corners with five SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with four SeSm5Cu octahedra, edges with two SeSm5 square pyramids, a faceface with one SeSm5Cu octahedra, and faces with two SeSm5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–48°. In the second Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm and one Cu atom to form distorted SeSm5Cu octahedra that share corners with seven SeSm5Cu octahedra, corners with six SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with four SeSm5Cu octahedra, edges with three SeSm5 square pyramids, a faceface with one SeSm5Cu octahedra, and faces with two SeSm5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–48°. In the third Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm and one Cu atom to form distorted SeSm5Cu octahedra that share corners with six SeSm5Cu octahedra, corners with five SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with four SeSm5Cu octahedra, edges with two SeSm5 square pyramids, a faceface with one SeSm5Cu octahedra, and faces with two SeSm5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–48°. In the fourth Se site, Se is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Sm atoms. In the fifth Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm atoms to form distorted SeSm5 square pyramids that share corners with four SeSm5Cu octahedra, corners with six SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with two SeSm5Cu octahedra, edges with three SeSm5 square pyramids, and faces with two SeSm5Cu octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 42–86°. In the sixth Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm atoms to form distorted SeSm5 square pyramids that share corners with seven SeSm5Cu octahedra, corners with five SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with three SeSm5Cu octahedra, edges with three SeSm5 square pyramids, and a faceface with one SeSm5Cu octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–87°. In the seventh Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm and one Cu atom to form distorted SeSm5Cu octahedra that share corners with eight SeSm5Cu octahedra, corners with seven SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with five SeSm5Cu octahedra, edges with two SeSm5 square pyramids, a faceface with one SeSm6 octahedra, and faces with two SeSm5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–48°. In the eighth Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm and one Cu atom to form distorted SeSm5Cu octahedra that share corners with seven SeSm5Cu octahedra, corners with six SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with three SeSm5Cu octahedra, edges with three SeSm5 square pyramids, a faceface with one SeSm5Cu octahedra, and a faceface with one SeSm5 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–48°. In the ninth Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm and one Cu atom to form distorted SeSm5Cu octahedra that share corners with seven SeSm5Cu octahedra, corners with seven SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with four SeSm5Cu octahedra, edges with three SeSm5 square pyramids, a faceface with one SeSm5Cu octahedra, and faces with two SeSm5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 16–48°. In the tenth Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm atoms to form distorted SeSm5 square pyramids that share corners with eight SeSm5Cu octahedra, corners with five SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with three SeSm5Cu octahedra, edges with five SeSm5 square pyramids, and faces with two SeSm5Cu octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–87°. In the eleventh Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm atoms to form distorted SeSm5 square pyramids that share corners with eight SeSm5Cu octahedra, corners with five SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with three SeSm5Cu octahedra, edges with three SeSm5 square pyramids, and faces with two SeSm5Cu octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 20–89°. In the twelfth Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm atoms to form distorted SeSm5 square pyramids that share corners with eight SeSm5Cu octahedra, corners with four SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with three SeSm5Cu octahedra, edges with four SeSm5 square pyramids, and faces with two SeSm5Cu octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–87°. In the thirteenth Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm atoms to form SeSm5 square pyramids that share corners with eight SeSm6 octahedra, corners with five SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with two SeSm6 octahedra, edges with six SeSm5 square pyramids, and faces with two SeSm5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 19–52°. In the fourteenth Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm and one Cu atom to form distorted SeSm5Cu octahedra that share corners with seven SeSm5Cu octahedra, corners with eight SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with four SeSm5Cu octahedra, edges with two SeSm5 square pyramids, a faceface with one SeSm5Cu octahedra, and a faceface with one SeSm5 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–48°. In the fifteenth Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm atoms to form distorted SeSm5 square pyramids that share corners with six SeSm5Cu octahedra, corners with two SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with three SeSm5Cu octahedra, edges with four SeSm5 square pyramids, and faces with two SeSm5Cu octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 20–51°. In the sixteenth Se site, Se is bonded to five Sm and one Cu atom to form distorted SeSm5Cu octahedra that share corners with seven SeSm5Cu octahedra, corners with seven SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with four SeSm5Cu octahedra, edges with three SeSm5 square pyramids, a faceface with one SeSm5Cu octahedra, and faces with two SeSm5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–48°. In the seventeenth Se site, Se is bonded to six Sm atoms to form distorted SeSm6 octahedra that share corners with eight SeSm6 octahedra, corners with seven SeSm5 square pyramids, edges with three SeSm6 octahedra, edges with three SeSm5 square pyramids, faces with two SeSm6 octahedra, and faces with three

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Hf23Se25 by Materials Project

Hf23Se25 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twenty-three inequivalent Hf sites. In the first Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.76 Å. In the second Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.75 Å. In the third Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.75 Å. In the fourth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.77 Å. In the fifth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.78 Å. In the sixth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.77 Å. In the seventh Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.79 Å. In the eighth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.74 Å. In the ninth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.76 Å. In the tenth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.76 Å. In the eleventh Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.75 Å. In the twelfth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.77 Å. In the thirteenth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.75 Å. In the fourteenth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.75 Å. In the fifteenth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.75 Å. In the sixteenth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.74 Å. In the seventeenth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.75 Å. In the eighteenth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.77 Å. In the nineteenth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.74 Å. In the twentieth Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.74 Å. In the twenty-first Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.74 Å. In the twenty-second Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.75 Å. In the twenty-third Hf site, Hf is bonded to six Se atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing HfSe6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hf–Se bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.76 Å. There are twenty-five inequivalent Se sites. In the first Se site, Se is bonded to six Hf atoms to form distorted SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with five SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with three SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one SeHf5 trigonal bipyramid, and a faceface with one SeHf6 pentagonal pyramid. In the second Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to five Hf atoms. In the third Se site, Se is bonded to six Hf atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids. In the fourth Se site, Se is bonded to six Hf atoms to form distorted SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with five SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, a cornercorner with one SeHf5 trigonal bipyramid, edges with two SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, and faces with two SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids. In the fifth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to five Hf atoms. In the sixth Se site, Se is bonded to six Hf atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids. In the seventh Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to five Hf atoms. In the eighth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to five Hf atoms. In the ninth Se site, Se is bonded to six Hf atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids. In the tenth Se site, Se is bonded to six Hf atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids. In the eleventh Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to five Hf atoms. In the twelfth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to five Hf atoms. In the thirteenth Se site, Se is bonded to five Hf atoms to form distorted SeHf5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with seven SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, a cornercorner with one SeHf5 trigonal bipyramid, edges with four SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, and a faceface with one SeHf6 pentagonal pyramid. In the fourteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to five Hf atoms. In the fifteenth Se site, Se is bonded to six Hf atoms to form distorted SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with five SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, corners with two equivalent SeHf5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with three SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, and a faceface with one SeHf6 pentagonal pyramid. In the sixteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to five Hf atoms. In the seventeenth Se site, Se is bonded to six Hf atoms to form distorted SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with five SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, a cornercorner with one SeHf5 trigonal bipyramid, edges with three SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with two SeHf5 trigonal bipyramids, and faces with two SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids. In the eighteenth Se site, Se is bonded to six Hf atoms to form distorted SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with six SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, a cornercorner with one SeHf5 trigonal bipyramid, edges with three SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with two SeHf5 trigonal bipyramids, and a faceface with one SeHf6 pentagonal pyramid. In the nineteenth Se site, Se is bonded to six Hf atoms to form distorted SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with seven SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, a cornercorner with one SeHf5 trigonal bipyramid, edges with three SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one SeHf5 trigonal bipyramid, a faceface with one SeHf6 pentagonal pyramid, and a faceface with one SeHf5 trigonal bipyramid. In the twentieth Se site, Se is bonded to six Hf atoms to form distorted SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with six SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, corners with two SeHf5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with two SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one SeHf5 trigonal bipyramid, and faces with two SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids. In the twenty-first Se site, Se is bonded to six Hf atoms to form distorted SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with six SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, corners with four SeHf5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with three SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, and faces with two SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids. In the twenty-second Se site, Se is bonded to five Hf atoms to form distorted SeHf5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with six SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, a cornercorner with one SeHf5 trigonal bipyramid, edges with four SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, and a faceface with one SeHf6 pentagonal pyramid. In the twenty-third Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to five Hf atoms. In the twenty-fourth Se site, Se is bonded to six Hf atoms to form distorted SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with seven SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, a cornercorner with one SeHf5 trigonal bipyramid, edges with three SeHf6 pentagonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one SeHf5 trigonal bipyramid, a faceface with one SeHf6 pentagonal pyramid, and a faceface with one SeHf5 trigonal bipyramid. In the twenty-fifth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to five Hf atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on W2Se17Cl12 by Materials Project

W2Se17Cl12 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one W2Se17Cl12 sheet oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. there are two inequivalent W6+ sites. In the first W6+ site, W6+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six Cl1- atoms. There are four shorter (2.34 Å) and two longer (2.37 Å) W–Cl bond lengths. In the second W6+ site, W6+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of W–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.40 Å. There are seventeen inequivalent Se sites. In the first Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two Se atoms. There are one shorter (2.32 Å) and one longer (2.46 Å) Se–Se bond lengths. In the second Se site, Se is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Se atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.39 Å. In the third Se site, Se is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Se atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.33 Å. In the fourth Se site, Se is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Se atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.41 Å. In the fifth Se site, Se is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Se atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.28 Å. In the sixth Se site, Se is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Se and two Cl1- atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.56 Å. There are one shorter (3.60 Å) and one longer (3.62 Å) Se–Cl bond lengths. In the seventh Se site, Se is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Se and one Cl1- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.39 Å. The Se–Cl bond length is 3.51 Å. In the eighth Se site, Se is bonded in a T-shaped geometry to two Se and one Cl1- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.36 Å. The Se–Cl bond length is 3.46 Å. In the ninth Se site, Se is bonded in a T-shaped geometry to two Se and one Cl1- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.35 Å. The Se–Cl bond length is 3.37 Å. In the tenth Se site, Se is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Se atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.39 Å. In the eleventh Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Se atoms. There are one shorter (2.46 Å) and one longer (2.56 Å) Se–Se bond lengths. In the twelfth Se site, Se is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Se atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.28 Å. In the thirteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Se atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.40 Å. In the fourteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Se atoms. The Se–Se bond length is 2.34 Å. In the fifteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two Se and one Cl1- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.38 Å. The Se–Cl bond length is 3.62 Å. In the sixteenth Se site, Se is bonded in a T-shaped geometry to two Se and one Cl1- atom. The Se–Se bond length is 2.32 Å. The Se–Cl bond length is 3.43 Å. In the seventeenth Se site, Se is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Se and two Cl1- atoms. There are one shorter (3.54 Å) and one longer (3.61 Å) Se–Cl bond lengths. There are twelve inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one W6+ and two Se atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one W6+ and two Se atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one W6+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one W6+ atom. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one W6+ and one Se atom. In the sixth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one W6+ atom. In the seventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one W6+ atom. In the eighth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one W6+ atom. In the ninth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one W6+ and one Se atom. In the tenth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one W6+ atom. In the eleventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one W6+ and two Se atoms. In the twelfth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one W6+ and one Se atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ba20Nb19Se60 by Materials Project

Ba20Nb19Se60 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are ten inequivalent Ba sites. In the first Ba site, Ba is bonded to twelve Se atoms to form BaSe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, corners with five NbSe6 octahedra, faces with eight BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with six NbSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 20–25°. There are a spread of Ba–Se bond distances ranging from 3.49–3.68 Å. In the second Ba site, Ba is bonded to twelve Se atoms to form BaSe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, corners with five NbSe6 octahedra, faces with eight BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with six NbSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 16–25°. There are a spread of Ba–Se bond distances ranging from 3.50–3.69 Å. In the third Ba site, Ba is bonded to twelve Se atoms to form BaSe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, corners with six NbSe6 octahedra, faces with eight BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with five NbSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–30°. There are a spread of Ba–Se bond distances ranging from 3.53–3.71 Å. In the fourth Ba site, Ba is bonded to twelve Se atoms to form BaSe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, corners with six NbSe6 octahedra, faces with eight BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with six NbSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–22°. There are a spread of Ba–Se bond distances ranging from 3.58–3.62 Å. In the fifth Ba site, Ba is bonded to twelve Se atoms to form BaSe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, corners with six NbSe6 octahedra, faces with eight BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with six NbSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 15–23°. There are a spread of Ba–Se bond distances ranging from 3.55–3.64 Å. In the sixth Ba site, Ba is bonded to twelve Se atoms to form BaSe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, corners with six NbSe6 octahedra, faces with eight BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with six NbSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–22°. There are a spread of Ba–Se bond distances ranging from 3.55–3.62 Å. In the seventh Ba site, Ba is bonded to twelve Se atoms to form BaSe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, corners with five NbSe6 octahedra, faces with eight BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with six NbSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–25°. There are a spread of Ba–Se bond distances ranging from 3.49–3.67 Å. In the eighth Ba site, Ba is bonded to twelve Se atoms to form BaSe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, corners with six NbSe6 octahedra, faces with eight BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with five NbSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 20–30°. There are a spread of Ba–Se bond distances ranging from 3.53–3.71 Å. In the ninth Ba site, Ba is bonded to twelve Se atoms to form BaSe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, corners with six NbSe6 octahedra, faces with eight BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with five NbSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 20–30°. There are a spread of Ba–Se bond distances ranging from 3.53–3.72 Å. In the tenth Ba site, Ba is bonded to twelve Se atoms to form BaSe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, corners with six NbSe6 octahedra, faces with eight BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with six NbSe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 16–23°. There are a spread of Ba–Se bond distances ranging from 3.55–3.64 Å. There are eleven inequivalent Nb sites. In the first Nb site, Nb is bonded to six Se atoms to form distorted NbSe6 octahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, faces with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and a faceface with one NbSe6 octahedra. There are a spread of Nb–Se bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.83 Å. In the second Nb site, Nb is bonded to six Se atoms to form NbSe6 octahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, faces with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with two NbSe6 octahedra. There are a spread of Nb–Se bond distances ranging from 2.60–2.68 Å. In the third Nb site, Nb is bonded to six Se atoms to form NbSe6 octahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, faces with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with two NbSe6 octahedra. There are three shorter (2.63 Å) and three longer (2.65 Å) Nb–Se bond lengths. In the fourth Nb site, Nb is bonded to six Se atoms to form NbSe6 octahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, faces with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with two NbSe6 octahedra. There are five shorter (2.64 Å) and one longer (2.65 Å) Nb–Se bond lengths. In the fifth Nb site, Nb is bonded to six Se atoms to form NbSe6 octahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, faces with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with two NbSe6 octahedra. There are three shorter (2.59 Å) and three longer (2.69 Å) Nb–Se bond lengths. In the sixth Nb site, Nb is bonded to six Se atoms to form NbSe6 octahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, faces with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with two NbSe6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.64 Å) and two longer (2.65 Å) Nb–Se bond lengths. In the seventh Nb site, Nb is bonded to six Se atoms to form NbSe6 octahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, faces with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with two NbSe6 octahedra. There are three shorter (2.64 Å) and three longer (2.65 Å) Nb–Se bond lengths. In the eighth Nb site, Nb is bonded to six Se atoms to form NbSe6 octahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, faces with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with two NbSe6 octahedra. There are five shorter (2.64 Å) and one longer (2.65 Å) Nb–Se bond lengths. In the ninth Nb site, Nb is bonded to six Se atoms to form NbSe6 octahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, faces with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent NbSe6 octahedra. All Nb–Se bond lengths are 2.64 Å. In the tenth Nb site, Nb is bonded to six Se atoms to form NbSe6 octahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, faces with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent NbSe6 octahedra. All Nb–Se bond lengths are 2.64 Å. In the eleventh Nb site, Nb is bonded to six Se atoms to form NbSe6 octahedra that share corners with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, faces with six BaSe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent NbSe6 octahedra. All Nb–Se bond lengths are 2.64 Å. There are thirty inequivalent Se sites. In the first Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–68°. In the second Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four Ba and one Nb atom. In the third Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–68°. In the fourth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–67°. In the fifth Se site, Se is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four Ba and one Nb atom. In the sixth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–69°. In the seventh Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–69°. In the eighth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–69°. In the ninth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–69°. In the tenth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–69°. In the eleventh Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–69°. In the twelfth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–68°. In the thirteenth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–68°. In the fourteenth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–68°. In the fifteenth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–68°. In the sixteenth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–69°. In the seventeenth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–68°. In the eighteenth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–68°. In the nineteenth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–69°. In the twentieth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–69°. In the twenty-first Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–68°. In the twenty-second Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–69°. In the twenty-third Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–69°. In the twenty-fourth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–69°. In the twenty-fifth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–68°. In the twenty-sixth Se site, Se is bonded to four Ba and two Nb atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing SeBa4Nb2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range f

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗