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DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Re3Br9O2 by Materials Project

Re3O2Br9 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Re3O2Br9 sheet oriented in the (2, 0, -1) direction. there are two inequivalent Re+4.33+ sites. In the first Re+4.33+ site, Re+4.33+ is bonded to one O2- and four Br1- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing ReBr4O trigonal bipyramids. The Re–O bond length is 1.69 Å. There are a spread of Re–Br bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.52 Å. In the second Re+4.33+ site, Re+4.33+ is bonded to five Br1- atoms to form distorted ReBr5 square pyramids that share a cornercorner with one ReBr5 square pyramid, a cornercorner with one ReBr4O trigonal bipyramid, and an edgeedge with one ReBr5 square pyramid. There are a spread of Re–Br bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.89 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four Br1- atoms. There are two shorter (2.59 Å) and two longer (3.34 Å) O–Br bond lengths. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re+4.33+ atom. There are six inequivalent Br1- sites. In the first Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two equivalent Re+4.33+ atoms. In the second Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Re+4.33+ and one O2- atom. In the third Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two Re+4.33+ atoms. In the fourth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re+4.33+ atom. In the fifth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Re+4.33+ and two equivalent O2- atoms. In the sixth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Re+4.33+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Grid Interconnection and Renewables Deployment Related Air Quality and Human Health Benefits in Southeast Asia

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has increasingly focused on multilateral electricity trade, improved grid resiliency and modernization. These opportunities in the power sector have been studied through the ASEAN Interconnection Masterplan Studies, the most recent of which is the ASEAN Interconnection Masterplan Study III (AIMS III). AIMS III assessed four different scenarios of power system in the ASEAN countries that include a base scenario and three additional scenarios (called optimum RE, ASEAN RE, and High RE) considering different levels of deployment of renewable energy (RE) and cross-border generation and trade of electricity for three years (2025, 2030, 2040). In this work, we quantify the potential air quality and public health co-benefits of AIMS III scenarios. For a rapidly expanding, energy hungry region like SE Asia generation is power generation is expected to increase significantly. The AIMS III scenarios' capacity expansion modeling suggest that: 1) Generation nearly doubles from 2025 to 2040 in all four AIMS III scenarios; 2) Most of the increased generation is met by coal in all four AIMS III scenarios; 3) While renewables generation increases in all four AIMS III scenarios, the fraction of total generation (its share) generally decreases because of the much greater increase in non-renewable sources, mostly coal. Only in the High RE Target scenario do renewables represent a higher share in 2040 than in 2025, though even here it is at the expense of natural gas rather than coal; 4) As a result, emissions of gaseous and aerosol pollutants increase significantly in all scenarios. Because emissions increase in 2040 compared to 2025 for all four AIMS III scenarios, so do PM2.5 concentrations. Even for the High RE Target scenario (the scenario with highest share of renewable energy), compared to the Base scenario in 2025, in 2040 PM2.5 concentrations are higher. Compared to the Base scenario in the same years, the Optimum RE and ASEAN RE Target scenarios do not differ very much from the Base in terms of PM2.5 concentration. The High RE Target scenario, on the other hand, yields noticeably lower PM2.5 concentration. For example, in 2040 the population-weighted decrease in annual average PM2.5 concentration in the High RE Target scenario relative to the Base scenario is 0.5 ug m-3. Compared to the Base scenario in 2040, each of the alternative AIMS III scenarios is estimated to result in net reductions in power-sector air quality-related excess mortality in the ASEAN region. Yet there are a few countries for which the Optimum RE and ASEAN RE Target result in increases in PM2.5-related excess mortality (Thailand and Vietnam for the ASEAN RE Target scenario and Thailand for the Optimum RE scenario). However, for the High RE Target scenario, all countries benefit and find reductions in excess mortality resulting from the power sector scenarios modeled in AIMS III with regionwide mortality decreasing by 16,000 compared to the Base scenario in 2040. In summary, our analysis finds that changing power generation emissions is a crucial lever for improving public health in ASEAN member countries and provides a pathway for policymakers to make decision backed by a realistic power sector expansion and air quality analyses.

air quality↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Re2PCl by Materials Project

Re2PCl crystallizes in the cubic F-43m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Re sites. In the first Re site, Re is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Re, four equivalent P, and six equivalent Cl atoms. All Re–Re bond lengths are 2.71 Å. All Re–P bond lengths are 2.71 Å. All Re–Cl bond lengths are 3.12 Å. In the second Re site, Re is bonded to four equivalent Re and four equivalent Cl atoms to form distorted edge-sharing ReRe4Cl4 tetrahedra. All Re–Cl bond lengths are 2.71 Å. P is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Re and four equivalent Cl atoms. All P–Cl bond lengths are 2.71 Å. Cl is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to ten Re and four equivalent P atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on FeCu4Re14(Mo3S20)2 by Materials Project

Re14FeCu4(Mo3S20)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Mo+5.33+ sites. In the first Mo+5.33+ site, Mo+5.33+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted MoS6 octahedra that share corners with three CuS4 tetrahedra and edges with six ReS6 octahedra. There are three shorter (2.35 Å) and three longer (2.59 Å) Mo–S bond lengths. In the second Mo+5.33+ site, Mo+5.33+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted MoS6 octahedra that share corners with three CuS4 tetrahedra and edges with six ReS6 octahedra. There are three shorter (2.35 Å) and three longer (2.59 Å) Mo–S bond lengths. In the third Mo+5.33+ site, Mo+5.33+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted MoS6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one CuS4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent FeS4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one MoS6 octahedra, and edges with five ReS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mo–S bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.59 Å. In the fourth Mo+5.33+ site, Mo+5.33+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted MoS6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent FeS4 tetrahedra, edges with two MoS6 octahedra, and edges with four ReS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mo–S bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.60 Å. In the fifth Mo+5.33+ site, Mo+5.33+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted MoS6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeS4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent CuS4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one MoS6 octahedra, and edges with five ReS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mo–S bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.60 Å. There are eight inequivalent Re3+ sites. In the first Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted ReS6 octahedra that share corners with three CuS4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent MoS6 octahedra, and edges with four ReS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Re–S bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.55 Å. In the second Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted ReS6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent CuS4 tetrahedra, edges with two MoS6 octahedra, and edges with four ReS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Re–S bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.55 Å. In the third Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted ReS6 octahedra that share corners with three CuS4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent MoS6 octahedra, and edges with four ReS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Re–S bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.54 Å. In the fourth Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted ReS6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent CuS4 tetrahedra, edges with two MoS6 octahedra, and edges with four ReS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Re–S bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.54 Å. In the fifth Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted ReS6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent CuS4 tetrahedra, edges with two MoS6 octahedra, and edges with four ReS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Re–S bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.55 Å. In the sixth Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted ReS6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one CuS4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent FeS4 tetrahedra, edges with three MoS6 octahedra, and edges with three ReS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Re–S bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.54 Å. In the seventh Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted ReS6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent CuS4 tetrahedra, edges with two MoS6 octahedra, and edges with four ReS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Re–S bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.54 Å. In the eighth Re3+ site, Re3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted ReS6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeS4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent CuS4 tetrahedra, edges with three MoS6 octahedra, and edges with three ReS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Re–S bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.54 Å. Fe2+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form FeS4 tetrahedra that share corners with six MoS6 octahedra and corners with six ReS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 63–66°. There are three shorter (2.26 Å) and one longer (2.28 Å) Fe–S bond lengths. There are four inequivalent Cu1+ sites. In the first Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form CuS4 tetrahedra that share corners with three MoS6 octahedra and corners with nine ReS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 64–66°. There are three shorter (2.26 Å) and one longer (2.28 Å) Cu–S bond lengths. In the second Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form CuS4 tetrahedra that share corners with three MoS6 octahedra and corners with nine ReS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 64–66°. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.28 Å. In the third Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form CuS4 tetrahedra that share corners with three MoS6 octahedra and corners with nine ReS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 64–66°. There are three shorter (2.26 Å) and one longer (2.28 Å) Cu–S bond lengths. In the fourth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form CuS4 tetrahedra that share corners with three MoS6 octahedra and corners with nine ReS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 64–66°. There are a spread of Cu–S bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.28 Å. There are thirty inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mo+5.33+ and two equivalent Re3+ atoms. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mo+5.33+ and two Re3+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Mo+5.33+, two Re3+, and one Cu1+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Mo+5.33+, two equivalent Re3+, and one Cu1+ atom to form distorted SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra that share corners with three SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra and edges with three SCuRe3 tetrahedra. In the seventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mo+5.33+ and two equivalent Re3+ atoms. In the eighth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mo+5.33+ and two Re3+ atoms. In the ninth S2- site, S2- is bonded to three Re3+ and one Cu1+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SCuRe3 tetrahedra. In the tenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. Both S–Re bond lengths are 2.34 Å. In the eleventh S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Mo+5.33+, two Re3+, and one Cu1+ atom to form distorted SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra that share corners with three SCuRe3 tetrahedra and edges with three SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra. In the twelfth S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Mo+5.33+, two equivalent Re3+, and one Cu1+ atom to form distorted SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra that share corners with three SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra and edges with three SCuRe3 tetrahedra. In the thirteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mo+5.33+ and two equivalent Re3+ atoms. The S–Mo bond length is 2.35 Å. Both S–Re bond lengths are 2.34 Å. In the fourteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mo+5.33+ and two Re3+ atoms. The S–Mo bond length is 2.35 Å. The S–Re bond length is 2.34 Å. In the fifteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded to three Re3+ and one Cu1+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SCuRe3 tetrahedra. In the sixteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Re3+ atoms. In the seventeenth S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Mo+5.33+, two Re3+, and one Cu1+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra. The S–Mo bond length is 2.59 Å. The S–Re bond length is 2.53 Å. In the eighteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Mo+5.33+, two equivalent Re3+, and one Cu1+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra. The S–Mo bond length is 2.59 Å. Both S–Re bond lengths are 2.53 Å. In the nineteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mo+5.33+ and two equivalent Re3+ atoms. In the twentieth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mo+5.33+ and two Re3+ atoms. In the twenty-first S2- site, S2- is bonded to three Re3+ and one Cu1+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SCuRe3 tetrahedra. Both S–Re bond lengths are 2.55 Å. In the twenty-second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mo+5.33+ and two equivalent Re3+ atoms. In the twenty-third S2- site, S2- is bonded to two Mo+5.33+, one Re3+, and one Fe2+ atom to form distorted SFeReMo2 tetrahedra that share corners with three SFeReMo2 tetrahedra and edges with three SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra. In the twenty-fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Mo+5.33+, two equivalent Re3+, and one Cu1+ atom to form distorted SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra that share corners with three SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra and edges with three SFeRe2Mo tetrahedra. In the twenty-fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mo+5.33+ and two equivalent Re3+ atoms. In the twenty-sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Mo+5.33+ and one Re3+ atom. In the twenty-seventh S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Mo+5.33+, two equivalent Re3+, and one Fe2+ atom to form distorted SFeRe2Mo tetrahedra that share corners with three SFeReMo2 tetrahedra and edges with three SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra. In the twenty-eighth S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Mo+5.33+, two Re3+, and one Cu1+ atom to form distorted SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra that share corners with three SCuRe2Mo tetrahedra and edges with three SCuRe3 tetrahedra. In the twenty-ninth S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Mo+5.33+, two equivalent Re3+, and one Fe2+ atom to form distorted SFeRe2Mo tetrahedra that share corners with three SFeReMo2 tetrahedra and edges with three SCuRe3 tetrahedra. In the thirtieth S2- site, S2- is bonded to three Re3+ and one Cu1+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SCuRe3 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Er(ReO4)2 by Materials Project

Er(ReO4)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Er(ReO4)2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Er3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form ErO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent ReO4 tetrahedra. There are three shorter (2.23 Å) and three longer (2.24 Å) Er–O bond lengths. Re+6.50+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ReO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent ErO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 19–20°. There is one shorter (1.75 Å) and three longer (1.78 Å) Re–O bond length. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Er3+ and one Re+6.50+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Er3+ and one Re+6.50+ atom. The O–Re bond length is 1.78 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Er3+ and one Re+6.50+ atom. The O–Re bond length is 1.78 Å. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re+6.50+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re+6.50+ atom. The O–Re bond length is 1.75 Å. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Er3+ and one Re+6.50+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Er3+ and one Re+6.50+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Er3+ and one Re+6.50+ atom. The O–Re bond length is 1.78 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Re3Pt by Materials Project

Re3Pt is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Re sites. In the first Re site, Re is bonded to eight equivalent Re and four equivalent Pt atoms to form distorted ReRe8Pt4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent PtRe12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent ReRe8Pt4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent PtRe12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent ReRe8Pt4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent PtRe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen ReRe8Pt4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Re–Re bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.92 Å. There are two shorter (2.79 Å) and two longer (2.80 Å) Re–Pt bond lengths. In the second Re site, Re is bonded to eight equivalent Re and four equivalent Pt atoms to form distorted ReRe8Pt4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent PtRe12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen ReRe8Pt4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent PtRe12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent ReRe8Pt4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent PtRe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen ReRe8Pt4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Re–Re bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.92 Å. There are two shorter (2.79 Å) and two longer (2.80 Å) Re–Pt bond lengths. Pt is bonded to twelve Re atoms to form PtRe12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent PtRe12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve ReRe8Pt4 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen ReRe8Pt4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent PtRe12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve ReRe8Pt4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Re3Ru by Materials Project

Re3Ru is beta-derived structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Re sites. In the first Re site, Re is bonded to eight Re and four equivalent Ru atoms to form ReRe8Ru4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent RuRe10Ru2 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent ReRe8Ru4 cuboctahedra, edges with four equivalent RuRe10Ru2 cuboctahedra, edges with fourteen ReRe8Ru4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent RuRe10Ru2 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen ReRe8Ru4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Re–Re bond distances ranging from 2.71–2.77 Å. There are two shorter (2.75 Å) and two longer (2.81 Å) Re–Ru bond lengths. In the second Re site, Re is bonded to nine Re and three equivalent Ru atoms to form distorted ReRe9Ru3 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen equivalent ReRe9Ru3 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent RuRe10Ru2 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve ReRe8Ru4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent RuRe10Ru2 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen ReRe8Ru4 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (2.77 Å) and four longer (2.78 Å) Re–Re bond lengths. There are two shorter (2.73 Å) and one longer (2.75 Å) Re–Ru bond lengths. Ru is bonded to ten Re and two equivalent Ru atoms to form RuRe10Ru2 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent ReRe8Ru4 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent RuRe10Ru2 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent RuRe10Ru2 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen ReRe8Ru4 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent RuRe10Ru2 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen ReRe8Ru4 cuboctahedra. Both Ru–Ru bond lengths are 2.77 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Re3Br10N by Materials Project

Re3NBr10 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Re+4.33+ sites. In the first Re+4.33+ site, Re+4.33+ is bonded to five Br1- atoms to form corner-sharing ReBr5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Re–Br bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.71 Å. In the second Re+4.33+ site, Re+4.33+ is bonded to five Br1- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ReBr5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Re–Br bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.87 Å. N3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Br1- atoms. There are a spread of N–Br bond distances ranging from 3.27–3.75 Å. There are seven inequivalent Br1- sites. In the first Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re+4.33+ and one N3- atom. In the second Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two equivalent Re+4.33+ atoms. In the third Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re+4.33+ and two equivalent N3- atoms. In the fourth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Re+4.33+ and two equivalent N3- atoms. In the fifth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Re+4.33+ atoms. In the sixth Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Re+4.33+ atoms. In the seventh Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Re+4.33+ and two equivalent N3- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y12Re5C6 by Materials Project

Y12Re5C6 crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Y sites. In the first Y site, Y is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Re and two equivalent C atoms. The Y–Re bond length is 3.00 Å. Both Y–C bond lengths are 2.52 Å. In the second Y site, Y is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent C atoms. There are two shorter (2.73 Å) and two longer (2.74 Å) Y–C bond lengths. In the third Y site, Y is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to four equivalent Re and two equivalent C atoms. All Y–Re bond lengths are 3.11 Å. Both Y–C bond lengths are 2.45 Å. There are two inequivalent Re sites. In the first Re site, Re is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Y and two equivalent Re atoms. Both Re–Re bond lengths are 2.46 Å. In the second Re site, Re is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three equivalent C atoms. All Re–C bond lengths are 1.93 Å. C is bonded to five Y and one Re atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing CY5Re octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 9–47°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Re8Pb8O27 by Materials Project

Re8Pb8O27 crystallizes in the tetragonal P-4m2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Re+4.75+ sites. In the first Re+4.75+ site, Re+4.75+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form ReO6 octahedra that share corners with six ReO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent PbO8 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with two equivalent PbO7 hexagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 39–40°. There are a spread of Re–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.00 Å. In the second Re+4.75+ site, Re+4.75+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form ReO6 octahedra that share corners with six ReO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent PbO8 hexagonal bipyramids, and edges with four equivalent PbO7 hexagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 39–43°. There are a spread of Re–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.02 Å. There are two inequivalent Pb2+ sites. In the first Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded to eight O2- atoms to form distorted PbO8 hexagonal bipyramids that share edges with four equivalent PbO8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with two equivalent PbO7 hexagonal pyramids, and edges with six ReO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.75 Å. In the second Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted PbO7 hexagonal pyramids that share corners with three equivalent PbO7 hexagonal pyramids, edges with two equivalent PbO8 hexagonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one PbO7 hexagonal pyramid, and edges with six ReO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.80 Å. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Re+4.75+ and two Pb2+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four equivalent Pb2+ atoms to form corner-sharing OPb4 tetrahedra. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Pb2+ atoms to form corner-sharing OPb4 tetrahedra. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Re+4.75+ and two equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Re+4.75+ and two equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Re+4.75+ and two equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Re+4.75+ and two equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Re+4.75+ and two equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Re+4.75+ and two equivalent Pb2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Rare earth metals production using alternative feedstock that eliminates HF

This work reports the successful production of rare earth (RE) metal using Na-RE-F. Presently, RE metals are primarily produced using RE-fluoride due to its higher air and moisture stability compared to RE-chloride. However, its preparation requires the use of corrosive and hazardous chemicals, such as hydrofluoric acid (HF) or ammonium bifluoride (NH 4 HF 2 ). The present study demonstrates that Na-RE-F is an alternative salt to the typically used RE-fluoride. The Na-RE-F for this work is produced via a scalable hydrometallurgical approach using three different RE salts as feedstock, including acetate, nitrate, and chloride. HF is neither used nor generated during the salt preparation process. Furthermore, the Na-RE-F powder dries in air (without dry HF), and only water evolves during the drying process. Analyses of the Na-RE-F show that NaF liberates as a flux during the heating process, which lowers the salt reduction temperature to <900 °C, thus minimizing or eliminating the need for additional flux. Calciothermic reduction of the Na-RE-F salt is successfully employed to obtain RE metal. This work represents a safer, greener, and more widely deployable approach for producing the RE metals needed for permanent magnets which support the transition to a cleaner society through the decarbonization of the transportation industry.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ThRe2 by Materials Project

Re2Th is Hexagonal Laves structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Th is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve Re atoms. There are a spread of Th–Re bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.31 Å. There are two inequivalent Re sites. In the first Re site, Re is bonded to six equivalent Th and six equivalent Re atoms to form a mixture of edge, corner, and face-sharing ReTh6Re6 cuboctahedra. All Re–Re bond lengths are 2.84 Å. In the second Re site, Re is bonded to six equivalent Th and six Re atoms to form a mixture of edge, corner, and face-sharing ReTh6Re6 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (2.66 Å) and two longer (2.75 Å) Re–Re bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ScRe2 by Materials Project

ScRe2 is Hexagonal Laves structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sc is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve Re atoms. There are a spread of Sc–Re bond distances ranging from 3.07–3.11 Å. There are two inequivalent Re sites. In the first Re site, Re is bonded to six equivalent Sc and six equivalent Re atoms to form a mixture of face, edge, and corner-sharing ReSc6Re6 cuboctahedra. All Re–Re bond lengths are 2.67 Å. In the second Re site, Re is bonded to six equivalent Sc and six Re atoms to form a mixture of face, edge, and corner-sharing ReSc6Re6 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (2.57 Å) and two longer (2.73 Å) Re–Re bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZrRe2 by Materials Project

ZrRe2 is Hexagonal Laves structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Zr is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve Re atoms. There are a spread of Zr–Re bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.12 Å. There are two inequivalent Re sites. In the first Re site, Re is bonded to six equivalent Zr and six equivalent Re atoms to form a mixture of edge, corner, and face-sharing ReZr6Re6 cuboctahedra. All Re–Re bond lengths are 2.68 Å. In the second Re site, Re is bonded to six equivalent Zr and six Re atoms to form a mixture of edge, corner, and face-sharing ReZr6Re6 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (2.58 Å) and two longer (2.73 Å) Re–Re bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HfRe2 by Materials Project

HfRe2 is Hexagonal Laves structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Hf is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve Re atoms. There are three shorter (3.08 Å) and nine longer (3.10 Å) Hf–Re bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Re sites. In the first Re site, Re is bonded to six equivalent Hf and six equivalent Re atoms to form a mixture of face, edge, and corner-sharing ReHf6Re6 cuboctahedra. All Re–Re bond lengths are 2.67 Å. In the second Re site, Re is bonded to six equivalent Hf and six Re atoms to form a mixture of face, edge, and corner-sharing ReHf6Re6 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (2.56 Å) and two longer (2.72 Å) Re–Re bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sr11(ReO6)4 by Materials Project

Sr11Re4O24 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4_1/a space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Sr2+ sites. In the first Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are four shorter (2.61 Å) and four longer (2.96 Å) Sr–O bond lengths. In the second Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.60–2.74 Å. In the third Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.99 Å. In the fourth Sr2+ site, Sr2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.97 Å. There are two inequivalent Re+6.50+ sites. In the first Re+6.50+ site, Re+6.50+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Re–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–1.99 Å. In the second Re+6.50+ site, Re+6.50+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There is four shorter (1.91 Å) and two longer (1.92 Å) Re–O bond length. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to five Sr2+ and one Re+6.50+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Sr2+ and one Re+6.50+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Sr2+ and one Re+6.50+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Sr2+ and one Re+6.50+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Sr2+ and one Re+6.50+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Sr2+ and one Re+6.50+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on U4Re7Si6 by Materials Project

U4Re7Si6 crystallizes in the cubic Im-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. U is bonded to six equivalent Re and six equivalent Si atoms to form URe6Si6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent URe6Si6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent ReU4Re4Si4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent URe6Si6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent ReU4Re4Si4 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent ReSi6 octahedra. All U–Re bond lengths are 2.92 Å. All U–Si bond lengths are 2.96 Å. There are two inequivalent Re sites. In the first Re site, Re is bonded to four equivalent U, four equivalent Re, and four equivalent Si atoms to form distorted ReU4Re4Si4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent ReU4Re4Si4 cuboctahedra, corners with four equivalent ReSi6 octahedra, edges with eight equivalent URe6Si6 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent ReU4Re4Si4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent URe6Si6 cuboctahedra, and faces with six equivalent ReU4Re4Si4 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 53°. All Re–Re bond lengths are 2.92 Å. All Re–Si bond lengths are 2.59 Å. In the second Re site, Re is bonded to six equivalent Si atoms to form ReSi6 octahedra that share corners with twenty-four equivalent ReU4Re4Si4 cuboctahedra and faces with eight equivalent URe6Si6 cuboctahedra. All Re–Si bond lengths are 2.56 Å. Si is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent U and five Re atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on YRe2 by Materials Project

Re2Y is Hexagonal Laves structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve Re atoms. There are a spread of Y–Re bond distances ranging from 3.17–3.19 Å. There are two inequivalent Re sites. In the first Re site, Re is bonded to six equivalent Y and six equivalent Re atoms to form a mixture of edge, face, and corner-sharing ReY6Re6 cuboctahedra. All Re–Re bond lengths are 2.74 Å. In the second Re site, Re is bonded to six equivalent Y and six Re atoms to form a mixture of edge, face, and corner-sharing ReY6Re6 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (2.65 Å) and two longer (2.79 Å) Re–Re bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗